rm rL 11 A,

Independent in all tilings. Advance.JAS. REED & SON", Publishers. $2 in

Vol. XXV, Ko. 37: ASHTABUIiA, OHIO, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 1874: Whole Number 1288

RATES OF ADVERTISING.One Inch to space makota Square.

1 sq. isqs' 3 sqs wcol Hco' col 1 col.1 Week..$1.00i (1.60 if (3.00,(4 00 (B OO $ 19.00

4.00 5 0i)l 7.00! .12.00SOUt week . 1.501 1.00;

8 weeks . 1.00 ,.5 4.0U 6.0U .0U 8.00 14.001 month . i.m S.00 6.001 6.001 7.00, 9.00 15.00S months 8.00 4.0U 7.0J 9 00; 11.00 15.00 22.008 months 4.00 6.00 8.00 12 00 15 00 20.00; 30.00

0 months .(! 9.00 l.O0 18.00:24 00 85 00 60.009 months 8.00 19.OtM6.00 24.00 'Si 00 45.00 85.001 year ... 10.001 15.00 20.00 30.00 40.001 55.00 100.00

Local Notices. 10 cents per line.Deaths and Marriages inserted gratis.Transient Advetisernents to be paid for Invaria-

bly in advance.' Yearly advertisers will be charged extra for Dis- -

- notation and other Notices, not connected withtheir regular business.

. ' Business Card, fl dollars year per line. ,- Administrators' and Executors' Notices charg(2. Ail other Legal Advertisements charged lacents per sq.u ore each insertion.

BUSINESS DIRECTORY.

MERCHANTS.A M to K W. S4V.4UB dealers inchoice

Family Groceries and Provision, also, pureand th nil est brands of Tobacco and

Cigars. . ..

II WKLLS Produce and Commission Mers .7?. w. V, . .... ,H of Western K1..- - Hurtxr Cheese and Dried Fruits.

Jain street. Ashtabula, Ohio. 1224

SUDle Dry lioods. Family Groeeriee, and Crock- -

Ory. OODin Dtoru, l.Bnuuu wivlk,- umo

.B a. laajaa.ai a I'uaiui m j v. -

ies. Crockery and Glass-War- next door nijmiof risk House, jaainst. ABniauum,

J. M. IA171,K.JIKR to SOS, Dealers in. . and1 ii ,wrocenes,

. . nrruvionmo.i. i , . i... .. u d ..... MaterIomestic rruiu, Da nun, e,

Seeds Ac, Main street, Ashtabula,. n i i i7 . Pi.. lr HamW. M IS I M S ap. uemier u ',"7

Lard, and all kinds of Fish. Also, all kinds ofFamily uroceries, rrnits uuAle and Domestic Wines. lzo- -

P. ROBERTSON SOJJ, Dealer, inevery description ofBoots, Shoes. and Caps.Also, on hand a stock of choice n'r G"?res. Main street, corner of Centre, Ashtabula.SLllO.

O. W. HA8KKLC, Corner Spriiiiiandinsts. Ashtabala, Ohio, Dealers in Drj-Go- o

nORRISON to 8MKEKO"hleS,t.1'i

Dry Goods. Groceries. OU.: s. Hardware, Cerr. Booksn.s.

DRUGGISTSlrXARTIKT HEWBEBRl, Drnggist and

ApoThecary. and general dealer in Drugs, Medi-- -

'cibes, Win.s anfLiquors for medical purpose.Fancy and Toilet Gooda, Maine street, corner ofCentre, Ashtabula. .

catHLESE. SWIFT, 'ABttitali, Ohio,Dealer in Dmgs and Medicines, Groceries, per-

fumery and Fancy Articiea, superior Teas, Coi-fe-

Spices, Flavoring Extracts, Patent Medj-- 'oines of every description. Paints, Dyes, Var-

nishes, Brushes, FancySoaps, Hair Restoratives,Hair 6ils, call of which will be sold at thelowest prices. Prescriptiona prepared witnsuitable care, .

Iu!"

6EVBGE WatABD, Dealer inGroceries, Hats, Caps, Boots, Shoes, Cro-

ckery, Glass Ware, Also, wholesale and retaildealer In Hardware, Saddlery, Naila. Iron, Steel,Dra.ra, Mediclnea, Painta. OUa, Dyestuffs,

lutf0

HOTELS.ASHTABULA HOISE.II- - C. Warmington,

Prop. This House has just been thoroughly ren-

ovated and refurnished. Livery and Omnibuslfn MnniaHiui with the House. 12bl

AMERICAN HOUSE, T. X. Booth Propri-etor, south side of the u. 8. M. 8. station.This House has re ently been refitted and Im-

proved, and offers pleasai.t, sub tantlai and con-

venient accommodations to persons stoppingover night, or for a meal, or for those from theinterior, wishing stable accommodation forteams. The House Is orderly, with promptat- -

.,i.n rui evnoA .tabla ak(L. lode--

tngs. - r

rinn. nvioa,-aw- "tProprle or. An Omnibus running to and fromevery train of e irs. Also, a good livery-stabl- e

, ; kept in connection with this house, to conveypassengers to any point. l5

DENTISTS.D. E. KKLLKT, successor to G. W.

KelBpn, Main Street, Ashubnla, O. 87

P. E. HALL, Dentist, Ashtabula, O.feltiofflce Center street, between Main and

Park, lOM

(jr. T. WALLACE, D. D. 8. Ashtabnla, O.ispreparea to atiena to ait uuckiiuub m m. wi vr -- i nA m.k.u a anjM.ialif r,r "Onl Snr.U UWBitw mduv.w... 'gery" and saving the natural teeth. Officeana resiaence on ivim bi., lormer resiucuvc wMaJ. Hubbard. 1251

JEWELERS.GEO. W. DICKIPTaON, Jeweler. Repairing

of all kinds of Wathces, Clocks and Jewelry.Store in Ashtabula House Block. Ashtabula, 0.

IAMBS K. STEBBINS, Dealer in Watch-es, Clocks, Jewelry, Silver and Plated Ware.Ac. Repairing of all kinds done well, and all

' orders promptly attended to. Main Street. Ash- -

tabula Ohio. 1251

JT, S, ABBOTT. Dealer in Clocks, Watches.' Jewelry, etc. Engraving, Mending and Re-

pairing done to order. Shop on Main street,Oonneaut, Ohio. " 838

CABINET WARE.fOHN

Dealer inFurniture of the best descriptions,andevery variety. Also General Undertaker, an dManufacturer of Coffins to order. Main street,

. NortbjM South Public Square, Ashtabula.491

f. 8. BEACH, Manufacturer and Dealer inFirstClas Furnitrtre. Also. General Underta-ker. - 1188

FOUNDRIES.TINKER, to SPEBBI Manufacturers of

Stoves, Plows and Colunrns, Window Caps andSills. Mill Castings, Hetties, Sinkiv Sleitrh

tShoes, &c. Fhtenlx Fwrndr-y- , Ashtabplsl O.1091

ATTORNEYS AND AGENTS.

W. H. HrBB ARD. Attorney and Counsel-or at Law office oyer Newberry's Drug Store,Ashtabula, Ohio wiil practice in all the courts

. of the State, Collecting and Conveyancingmade a specialty. 122?

tHERM AN to HALL, Attorneys and Coun-selors at Law, Ashtabula, O., will practice inthe Courts of Ashtabula, Lake and Geauga.

LuslBxuii. .-- , i TaieooEE. . Hail.1(M8

EDWARD H. FITCH, Attorney am Coun-sellor at Law, Notary Public, Ashtabula, Ohio.Special attention given to the Settlement f Es-

tates, and to Conveyancing and Collecting. Al- -

so to ail matte vs arising under the BankrupLaw. 1048

(. O. FISHER, Justice of the Peace andAgent for the Hartford, Sun, & Franklin FireInsurance Companies. Office over J. P. Boberteon's Store. Main St. Ashubnla, O. Ill

' PH AKLKV BOOTH. Attorney and Conn-'- -

seirprt Law, Ashtabula; Ohio.' ' 1095

HARDWARE, &c.

CROSBY to WETHER WAX, dealer Intttoves, e, Hollow-War- Shelf Hard-ware, Glass-War- Lamps and

Petroleum, Ac. .opposite the Flsk House,Ashtabula. 991

Also, a fall stock of Paints, oils. Tarnishes,Brushes, &c. 1251

GEORGE C. HUBBARD, Dealer in Hasd-war-

Iron, Steel and Nails, Stoves, Tin Plate,Sheet Iron, Copper and Zinc, and manufac

' turer of Tin Sheet Iron and Copper Ware,Fnk's Block Ashtabula, Ohio. ' 1095

PHYSICIANS.H. H. BAHTLETr, M. D. Homaspathlc

Physician and Surgeon. (successor to Dr.' " Moore,) office No. 1 Main street. Resideoca in

bhtpard's bqilding, first door soqtb of office.-- . . i54

DR. . 9 WAR TIN, Homwpatbtc Physicianand Surgeon, respectful ly asks a share of thepatronage, of Ashtabnla and vicinity. Officeand residence la Smith's new block. CentreSreet. 1256

OR. E. L. KING, fhysldan and Burgeon,office over Hendry a King's store, residenceaear BUPeter's Ohnrch. Ahtabnla..O bkh t

BANKS.

ASHTABULA . NATIONAL BANK,, , . .nauuiiiu m . v i .1 ' i & i i r ,. o .

8u. BLive.Oashie. Authorised Capital, (too.OOqCash Capital paid In (100,000. H. Fassn-r- ,

J. B. Cbosbt. C. E. Bruci, H J, Ncttlxtom,B. Niali, W. Hdhphbit, B. O. Warnir,H,. u, e. f. uood, oiroctors. 1204

MANUFACTURERS.

Q. C. fllLLEV, Manulacturer of Lath,Siding, Konldines, Cheese Boxes, Ac. Planing,Matching, and Scrowl Sawing done on theshortest notice. Shop on Mala street, oppo-slt-

the Upper Park. Ashubnla. Ohio. 440

FRENCH WEIBLEN M nnfactcrers aDesfcrs la all kind of Leather In demand In thismarket opposite Pbatoix Foundery. Ashubnla. 11R6

rnT REEVES. Dealer in Granlteand, Marble MonumenM. Grave Stones, Tableu. Man-

tels, Orates, Ac. - Building stone,- - Ptarerng andCurbing cpf to. order. Tard on Center treat

MILLINERY, ETC.Millinery A Dress.SIRS. K- - V- - "l,'.....r Siilinrrv Jrxvl. .nrt

ff.2Ut.yTCK and Children'. Pat;

c?e' .(inter street. Ashtabula. Ohio. lyiS3

HARNESS MAKER.

P. C. FORVt Manufacturer and Dtalrr In Sad-ji- '

Harness. Bridles. Collars. Trunk. WniDS,Ac opposite Fisk iiouse. Asntabnla, Ohio. M15

MISCELLANEOUS.107 LOTS FOB SALE!

Dealer in Hater Lime, btneco. IxnaKe.il EsUte and Loan Aacnt Ashtabula Depot.

1809. WILLIAM

EDGAR H ALL, Fire and Life lnsurauceandneai.state Agent. Also, isoiary ruocveymneer. Office over Sherman and Hall's Law

Office, Ashtabula, Ohio. t.n wr r - - -- r iKCTiT rTEi at Austinbureh Ashtabula Co.. Ohio. J. Tuckermai i, A.

Principal. Winter Terr ougu"Dee. 2d. Send rorcaaiogne.

nriTuAr. Painter. Glazier, andPaper Hanffer. All work done with ne&laenaaaaesBatcn. . ' 1 1

w eiTn m.vTH. Avent for the Liverpool.Ln.i,. Oioht Itisunnce Co. CashassiJf over

2;i OOOiOOOGolci. In the U. S. 13,690.000. Stock--

holderea'iso personally natie.: 1218

BLAKESLEE to MOORE, Photographersanrf. M ir in flCtures, ivueraviuKB, .

. , ni..fu.nuinMnfrin.Having a large eupyij ui ";onesriptloos,ls prepared to frame anyftingin the picture line, at shortnotice and in xotbeet style. Second Boor of the Hall store.

1094uu

door South of Bank Mann street.

LUMBER YARDS.manufactur rWALTON to TALBEBT,

01 ana oeaiers in an r: of alMe- -also, mouldingstth and Shinies: 1258scri ptions. ,

JOB PRINTERS.JT4MES REED A: SON ,Plain and Ornament-

al Job Printers, and general SUtioners. Speci-

mens of Printing and prices for the same senton application. Office corner Main and Springstreets. Ashubnla. O l'10

NOTARY PUBLICS, ETC.

JOHN II. SHERMAN, NoUry Public andAttorney and Counselor at Law. Office in Has-kell's Block. Main St.. Ashubnla. O. IwM

CLOTHIERS.EDWARDG. PIERCE Dealers in Clothing,

l --. - 1 K,bula.Ohio.

WAITE ; 8 I I. L, Wholesale and Re-

tail Dealers in Ready Made Clothing. Furnish-ing Goods Hats. Cane. c. Ashubnla 1251

PAINTERS.WM. ROSS, House; Sign and Carriage paint-

ing eraining and paper hanging Shop on ten-tr- istreet, near J. P. Robertson's svjre. A J

work warranted. Ordeie left with Robertsonor Newberry will meet prompt attention. la

VETERINARY SURGEON.

DR. MORRIS CROHN, Veterlmv Snrgeon.will practice within forty miles of JeffersonHorses left at my own suble, will be well cared

for. Charges reasonaDie.Jefterson. June 12th, 1874. 1270tf

ASHTABULA. YOUNGSTOWN &

PITTSBURGH RAILROAD.CONDENSED TIME TABLE—May 1, 1874.

BU1TKIN0 SOUTH. ECHKlSS KOKTH.

HUJCBE-R- 8TATIONS. , TOMB BBS ,

2 4 6 13 5A.M. P.X. P. It. P. M.

T 00 S 40 ....Harbor.. 12 45 8 407 07 24a L.S. AM.S.Cr 12 87 8 82

7 12 2 62 ..... ..Ashtabula. .. 12 81 8 28 .....T, 24 8 05 ..Mnnson Hill., 12 18 8 14

7 81 8 IS .Austingbnrg.' 18 10 8 08T 43 8 23 .. .Eagleville... 11 69 7 677 53 8 84 ..Bock Creek.. 11 47 7 46

8 03 8 45 Rome.. .. 11 86 7 84

8 06 8 49 ..New Lym 11 82 7 80

S 19 4f00 .....Orwell II 21 7 188 85 4 16 ... . .. Blocimteid. . 11 OS 7 9S8 . 4 23 ... . .North BriBtoI. 10 M 6 54

8 4!) 4 28 Bristol Center 10 51 6 488 66 4 88 .Gravel Bank. 10 45 6 42 ... .9 06 443 ...Champion .. 10 84 6 80

9 18 4 55 a. X. A. G.W . Cro. 10 23 6 15 A. If9 2) 5 Of 6 40 Warren 10 20 6 00 8 409 ) 6 17 6 65 ... .Niles 10 06 6 45 8 24

9 6 2 6 80 6 08 Girard 9 52 6 80 8 09

10 01 6 41 6 17 ...Briar Hill.,. 9 43 5 17 7 6810 10 6 50 6 25 .Toungstown.. 9 35 6 06 7 509 So 11 15 9 40 , .Pittsburgh.. 16 1 0U 4 25

P. V. P.Jt- - A.K. A. . P. M. P. M.

T

F. E. MYERS. Gen. PaBa. Ticket Agent.

L. S. & M. S—FRANKLIN DIVISION.From and after June 22, 1874. Passenger Train

: will rnn a follow :

OOINS WEST. eorye east.7.No.lt No. 3 No.4No.8

P M A M

8 45 6 55 Oil City East.. 1 35 8 86

8 60 7 00 z Junction 1 30 6 80

4 00 7 05 x Oil City West 1 15 8 as

4 11 7 16 z Reno 1 05 8 17

"4 18 x7 21 Run xlS 69 8 104 26 7 28 z Franklin 12 52 8 064 4a 7 46 Summit ........ 11 34 7 464 511 7 63 z Polk.....:.... 12 28 7 405 03 8 06 z Raymilton 12 16 7 386 18 8 24 Sandy Lake 11 591 7 126 22 8 28 z Stoneboro 11 55 7 08

X5 25 x8 83 Branch. Xll 55 X7 04& 86 8 45 Clark........... 11 42 6 635 45 8 65 z Hadley... .... 11 Ml (436 6' 9 10 Salem ...... 11 22 6 286 02 9 15 A U W Cross.. 11 W 634

9 80 11 IV6 15 z Jamestown... 6 109 40 10 45p. a. 49l Tnrncrsville9 10 88No. 8 9 59 Simon's Corners 10 31Jeffer 10 18 z Andover...... 10 m

son 10 25 Barber'-?-Leon- v IO07Acc. 10 84 Dorset.. 9 576 05 10 47) z Jefferson.-..s- . 9 42 7 491

6 21 11 00 Plymouth 9 2t 7 286 40 11 23 sAshtabula 9 00! 7 10

9 35 Pituburgh 6 45A X p xTrains stop only on Signal. xTratns do not

Stop. zTelegraph Stations. Cleveland Time.The Wit Freight trains ston at Jprrprenn in

going West, at 3,42 P.. M.. an going Kasiat 7.41a, ju. aitw'wih's tvt pasfcfciiger. .-

Passenger Tare ICEhc rate"ofTcent7nertowaysutions counted in even half dimes.

ERIE RAILWAY.Abstract of Time Table Adopted June

1874.

PULLMAN'S best Drawi ng-roo- m

Coaches, combining allmodern improvements, are run through on alltrains from Buffalo, Suspension Bridge, NiagaraFalls, Cleveland and Cincinnati to New York,making direct connection with all lines of for.eign and coastwise steamers, and also withSound Steamers and railway lipea for Boston andother New England cities.

No. 8. No. 13. No. 8.STATIONS. N.Y Atlantic Cincin.

Express. Express Express.Dunkirk L've. 8 85 A I 05 p.m.Salamanca " 5 87 " 8 30 "Clifton " 4 85" 3 00 " 8 00 piSusp. Bridge.... - 4 45 " 2 10 " 8 10 "Niagara Falls " 4 50 15 " 8 16 "

""' y Tao ',' Tip " 9 60 'A'tlca ". 6 87 " 4 10 " iTTi "Portage ' 7 86 " 5 32 19 (ft amHornellsvUle.... " tS 60 " T6 85 - 1 86 "Addison ' 9 46 " 7 40 " 9 40"Rochester '" 6 00 " 8 90 " im.,Avon " t8 55 " 8 45 " 7 97 "Bath " 9 06 " 6 10 - 11 60 PCorning " io 08 " 8 06 TbTTiBlmira Air. 10 88 " 8 88 a 40Waverly " 11 14 " , 9 23 " 4 25Owego 1146Axll0 04 " 6 08 -Binghamton .... " 12 86 pxjl05S 6 53 "Great Bend ' 18 66 " I. 628Susquehan'a.f., '' tl 08 ".,11148 A r9 43 .

Deposit...... u 1 68'' il 97 4.x. 85Hancock " 2 25 " 1 00 " 8 07 -Lackaw'xen " 4 06 " 10 02 axHonesdale " 6 00 r.t.. 8 SO paPort Jervls " 445." 8 48ir 10 48 a"xMiddletown " 4 60 ' 1142.,Goshen " 5 89 " 19 00 x.Patterson ' 7 Q0" 6 40 " I 48 p aNewark " 7 47n 7 88 " 3 18"Jersey City ' 7 40 " 7 20 "" Tsi "New York ' 7 65 p x 7 40 " 3 40 "Boston ' 6 00 A x ToOpT. "6 OoTx

No. 2. Special Nxw York Express leave. mirton 7 00 A. M., Suspension Bridge 7 05, NiaearaFall 7 10. Buffalo 7 40, Horneleville 10 65, Com Inn

11 P. M.Arrives at Elm Ira It 41 P. M.. Binghamton 3.42.Snsquehanna 8 80. Hancock 4 64. Port Jervls 7 25

Middletown 8 16, Patterson 10 06, Newark 11 17,Jersey City 10 42. New York 10 66.

Dally, t Meal Stations-As-

for tickets by way of Erie Railway.For 8ale a all the principal Ticket OUlces.

Jito. f,'. Abbott, Gep. Pas. Agent.

Hdwin Sail,DOORS.- - BLINDS, loWindow and Door Frames made to order.

Special agent for the sale ofCOMPOUND BASH LOCK

foK"h..nV."e,w,her,., "d Price' b

Office opposite A., Y. A P. Depot. 88tl287

fUE CONFESSIONS OF AN IN.VALID, published as a warning and for thebenefit of young men and others who suffer fromNervous Debility, Loss op Manhood. etcplying the means ot Self-Cur- Written hi onewho cun-- himself after undergoing

quackery, and sent free on receiving a post-oai- ddirected envelope. SnnVrers are invited to ad-dress the author, NATHANIEL MAYFAIB

P. O. Box 158. Brooklyn N. Y.

AMSTERDAM TO FRANKFORT.UTRECHT—THE JANSENISTS—THE

TOWER AND THE PUBLIC—ITS HISTORY—THE GREAT

—HOLY RELICS—THE ELEVENTHOUSAND VIRGINS—THE RHINE—HOW

THE GERMANS HAVE FOUGHT 1,900 YEARS

FOR ITS POSSESSION—THE INTERESTINGPORTION OF THE RIVER, RETWEEN BONN

AND BINGEN—OLD FEUDAL CASTLES—THE

ROBBER BARONS, THEIR DEPREDATIONS.

AND THEIR OVERTHROW—THE VINEYARDS

OF THE RHINE—FRANKFORT, CRADLE

OF THE ROTHSCHILDS.

Special Correspondence of the Chicago Tribune.FRANKFORT, JULY 26.

1874.

Frankfort, which is about 300 milesdistant, the country is a low, flatDlain. strioed with ditches filled withstagnant.water., as far as the eyecaa Denetrate in every directrou.The surface of he soil is 16 feet below low-tid- e leveV ot tne ocean, anamore than 40 feet' below thetides. On approaching Utrecht, 25mUes front Amsterdam- - ,tbe countrypresents slignt undulations ot sur-face, which are ancient sand ridgesthrown .up by the action. nf . the seaand winds When the' shore-lin- e extended that far inland.

UTRECHT

is situated at the forks of a branchof the Rhine: one fork, called theVecht, flows to Amsterdam; the other, called the Old, Hliine, flows pastLeiden into, the sea near by. BeforeA. D. 639, the main stream of theRhine flowed past Utrecht; but af-

ter a great inundation which destroyed 100,000 lives, it turned its courseinto the present mam outlets, theLek and the Waal, one of whichflows past Rotterdam, and the otherpast .Dort. Utrecht contains about60,000 inhabitants, and is the resi-

dence of many of the Dutch aristoc-racy, ou account of not being subjectto danger of inundation. The Hol-land Mint is there. It is also' theheadquarters oV the Jaiisenists, asect of dissenters from the. CatholicChurch, who objected to a bull ofPope Alexander VIL which condemned as heretical certain doctrinestaught by Jansenius, Bishop of1 pres. About 20,000 persons adhered to the Bishop; but the sect isdecaying and now greatly reduced,not numbering more than 6,000.Negotiations are going on with aview to join the Old .Catholic sect,recently started by those who refuseto accept the .rapal-iniallibili- ty dog-ma. What the particular point ofdifference was that; separated ; thelittle Janseist sect fronithe Mother-Churc- h,

nobody has been able tome, as the point . seems to have

bee forgotten, while the schismaticscontinue their system of worshipfrom tire force of long habit.

The most conspicuous object inUtrecht is the

TOWER OF THE CATHEDRAL,

which is IW.f eethigh Wif ?0 feetsquare at the Base, built in 1832.From its top can be seen almost thewhole Kingdom of Holland, on aclear day, Amsterdam, the Hague,Rotterdam, Breda, Dort, Leiden,Arnhem, the Zuyder Zee, the chiefout-l- et branches of the Rhine, besideshundreds of villages and canals, andthousands of revolving windmills.are all within view from this exaltedlookout. The high 'lands away tothe eastward, constituting the an-

cient shore line of the ocean, can betraced for a long distance. The Pub-lic Hall is still standing, in whichwas signed the Act of Confederationin 1579, which declared the SevenProvinces pf Holland free and. independent of Spain and all ' her evildeeds. . The Dutch reverence theold Hall even more than the Ameri-cans do Independence Hall in Phila-delphia, and it cost their forefathersa much bloodier and more desperatestruggle to achieve their independ-ence than it did ours.

Utrecht is at the geographicalcentre of Holland, but the DutchGovernment preferred

THE HAGUE

for the Capital on account of itsmore secure location from invasion,and its greater salubrity, being nearthe ocean, and sheltered from thewest winds by the high sand-ridg- e

along the sea-shor- e. On this "dune,"

milTfiimnno TY.,TrtT,oVV,.;7, . u-- .kc. Dc naming piace, cauea ocnevenmgen, towhich thousands of the wealtl ierclasses of Hollanders resort evervsummer. The space between it andltne uague is planted with pine trees,which alone can exist on- the barrensand-plai- n' and they hafie: 'hard"struggle for life." : '.

From-Utrec- $o the. German fron-tier is about 50 miles. This tract ofcountry is called Guelderland, ' theCapital of which is. Arnhem, a townof 30,000 inhabitants, and the dis-

trict around which is termedTHE "DUTCH PARADISE,"

on account of the remarkable fertili-ty of its soil, and the fact that thestreams in the canals flow of theirown accord, without the propulsionof windmills.

The water in the ditches is, there-fore, less stagnant and stinking thanthat in the lower lands farther to-

wards the sea. The fields are dense-ly populated with fat cattle andlong wool - sheepind the crops ofgrain and gras are of the most lux-uriant description. This part ofHolland is not below the ocean-lan- d,

except at very high tides; but it isin constant peril from the springfreshets of the Rhine, which often,by reason of ice barriers, - overflowsits artificial embankments, andsweeps away inhabitants, cattle, andhabitations.

At the point where the Rhine,just af,er entering Holland, dividesinto the Waal and the Lek, areerected .

GREAT HYDRAULIC WORKS,

consisting of dams, dykes, and jet-ties, constructed of wicker-wor- k andearth, which are thrown up alonethe shore or into - the Rhine. Theobject is to so distribute its cuiTentthat," in all stales of the flood, two-tbii-- us

of the water shall bo convey-ed into the Waal branch, and onlyone-thir- d into the Lek. It is the du-

ty of the engineers to watch the va:nations of the current and the levelof the Rhine, and to guard againstchanges, and preserve the propor-tions, by throwing out the jetties,and raising or lowering the dams,and other contrivances to deflect thewater. The safety of great districtsof country depend upon maintaining

the proper equilibrium between thesetwo main outlets to the sea. Eter-nal vigilance is the price of freedomfrom drowning in Holland.

The Prussian boundary beginsquite close to the point last describ- -

. , .1 1 1 : 1 1

ed, and wnere tne xwuiuo ami runs inone channel. Holland occupiesmerely the Delta of the Rhine, andadjoining districts wrested from theocean. The railroad leads along upthe right bank of the Rhine to Co-

logne, where nearly all tourists leaveit and take the steamer to Mayence,at the junction of tne main with theRhine. From the Prussian frontierto Mayence, the country is uninteresting and destitute of scenery; butthe laud seems to be fertile and pro-

ductive. The surface is generallylevel; but, in places, there are hillsand ridges covered with trees, whichbreak the monotony. : At tne townof Wesel are extensive fortifications,forming the bulwark of Prussia onthe Holland frontier. Twenty milesfarther up the Rhine, the travelercomes to

THE GREAT COAL PORT,

called Ruhrort,. situated at the junction of the River Rhur with theRhine. This little stream extendsaway up among the hills of Westphalia, which are underlaid withcoal, it being one of the largest coal--Belds in Europe. our to ft ve millions of tons are annually broughtdown to Kuhrort in barges and byrail for exportation to various coun-tries and provinces. Holland getshalf her supply of coal from thispoiat by boats on the Rhine. Largequantities go up the river to Cologne,Bonn, Coblenz, Mayence, and Frank-fort, and a considerable portion of.

JNortn Germany is aiso suppliedfrom there. Near the railroad stationare the vast Phoenix Company Iron- -

V oiks, which operate nine blast aud120 puddling furnaces. The wholevicinity glows with furnace fires, andthe tower is enveloped in a densecloud of coal smoke.. The place con-

tains perhaps 50,000 inhabitants, whoare supported, by the .coal and ironbusiness. .

Thirty miles further up the Rhineis Dusseldorf, the CapitaL of theRhenish Provinces of. Prussia, con-

taining 65,000 inhabitants. Althoughit is the headquarters of an eiten-8:v- e

school of painters, many ofthem are artists of considerable celeb-rity in Germany; few tourists tarrythere since its .'famous ; gallery; ofpaintings were removed to Munich..An hour's run of the tram throughwell.: cultivated, and; fertile plainsbrings the traveler to.,. the . famouscity of,, . ru r; .r , ;

COLOGNE,

the largest and Wealthiest city onthe Rhine," containing1 now 175,000inhabitants, of whom only 25,000are r'rotestants. As 'the railwaypasses along in front of ' the city onthe opposite bank of the river, a fineview is presented of Cologne ' withits many towers ancf steeples; butconspicuous above all else is the vastCathedral (called Domkirche bythenatives), which,' at that distance, resembles. a great rock or small- mountain, dwarhng everthing else aroundit by contrast. : ' '

1 he origin of Cologne dates awayback to the period of the Roman oc-

cupation of this portion of Germany.A legion was quartered here for twoor three centuries. Agrippina, themother of Nero, was born here; : inthe camp of her father Germanicus;and, half a century later,', she senthither a colony of Roman Veterans,and gave the place her., own name,calling it Colonia,' Aggrippina; thefirst part of the name is still retained, but slightly altered in the spelling. .The inhabitants claim to bedescendants of . those Italian colo-

nists, and are very proud of theirRoman blood; and, while the com-

mon language is German, the Frenchtongue is spoken by perhaps halfthe population. The city has al- -'

ways been noted for the devotion oftne innabitapts to . the UDurch.,, andtheir reverence for ' holy relics. ' Inthese respects they are more like theFrench and Spaniards than the Ger-man Catholics, who, while devotedto the Church and its. creed, havelong" since discarded 'bfelief "i in mod-ern miracles and faith in medievalimpositions:, j '!','-'- L'' Between 2. d. I26ffnd 1569 Co-

logne was one of the , . , , :

MOST IMPORTANT CITIES

in Europe, At one time y it couldsend -- forth;- 80,000 lighting men.When the Reformation swept overCentral Europe, it gained ft strongfoothold in Cologne, nearly one-thir-d

of the population adopting theProtestant faith. Then came crueland relentless persecutions, in whichthe Jews suffered as badly as theProtestants. The latter were finallymassacred or expelled in 1618, andtLe city was given over to the swayof bigoted ecclesiastical rulers. But,while the city was thus purified ofProtestantism, its business prosperi-ty was ruined, and its population,dwindled to less than half of whatit had been before . the persecutionsbegan. From that period until theFrench Revolution, 180 years, thecity was completey dominated bythe ecclesiastics, in every relation oflife, and few besides them could ei-

ther read or write; but churches andconvents, monks and beggars, multi-plied. The number of Buildings de-

voted to religious purposes exceeded200, and it was boasted that Colognehad as many steeples as there weredays in the year, many . of thechurches having pinnacles 'at eachcorner. When the French Republi-cans captured the city, about 1793,they found 2,600 priests aud monksand 6,000 professional beggars inCologne am not a bchool house forthe children of the" people in the city.Its streets and alleys were kept insuch filthy coDditioa- - that the tourist-po- Coleridge, who visited thecity about that time, declared thathe could detect sixty-and-ni-

WELL-DEFINE- D STINKS!

The smells were so strong and nu-merous that he was provoked intogiving vent to his feelings in the fol-lowing verse :

Aye, nymplii wuo reign o'er acwen andinks,

The Kiver Rliinc, It l well known, dothwash your City ol Colore;

But tell me, nymphs, whnt power dtlneBlutUhenceforth wash the River Rhine T

While the city 1b by no means amodel of oleanlineiBj the npBe of the

stranger; will not be more offended than in several other Europeancities. The French, during their 20

years' occupation, wrought greatchanges for tne better, not only insanitary matters, but in religious.The ecclesiastics had absorbed prettymuch all the property worth owningin the city, and most of the landsaround it. These the French confis

"

cated and sold to the people. The200 churches and convents were reduced tbV twenty-nin- e, which havebeen found ' ample to accommodatethe actual religious needs of the population. A couple of regiments oflazy monks were either relegated toprivate life, or conscripted into thearmy. As to soldiers, they are saidto have behaved and fought wellWithin the last twenty --five years Cologne has steadily increased in popu-lation and business, under the fostering care and supervision of the Prussian Government.

The great object of interest to thetraveler is

THE ENORMOUS CATHEDRAL,

which was commenced in A.1258, and has remained up to thepresent time unfinished, and at onetime had nearly become a ruin. 'Ittook eightv-fou- r years to erect thewalls and put" on a wooden roof.From 1322 to 1509 the work slowlyprogressed, and ' then completelystopped for 300 years. It was nottill 1830 that the original plan wasresumed. Since then $3,000,000' or$4,000,000 have been expended uponit. The vast columns have all beenreared to support the iron roof,which is finished; the great windowshave been painted with Scripturalscenes in the best style of art; thewalls have been embellished with pious paintings and portraits of 6aints.The length of the body of the churchis 511 feet; the breadth is 251 feet;and the height, from the floor to theroof, 161 feet. Only the interior ofbt. Peter's, m Home, exceeds it mheight and other dimensions, of allthe cathedrals in Europe. . The arrangement of . the buttresses, pinnacles, pillars, arches, chapel t and ex-

quisitely colored windows, added tothe enormous height of the eoiumnsand size of the windows, impart toit an air of grandeur that must beseen to be appreciated, as no descnption can convey a proper con-ception of it. When it- - is finallycompleted, it will be the most stpendous. Gothic church in' the world.The two enormous towers have .nowattained an altitude of about 250 ft,150 feet more is to be added to each,as fast as the' workmdn can pile upthe stone.' -

f In the chapel immediately behindthe high altar is a room set apart. forrelics and jewels, and. wonderful ;

OBJECTS. OF WORSHIP.,

Having heard so much about; them,a paiu ior sen ana iarniiyr-parc- sev-eral florins io obtain a peep at them.The'portly, good-lookin- g and piousold oaonstan watched my face closely as he explained the wonderful na-

ture of ..tber. holy .objects, to seewhether "my" faith was equal to thetask of credence. I tried to preservean aspect of credulity which wouldabsorb the whole catalogue, butthought I detected a twinkle in hiseyes as he presented one astonishingrelic after another. - 1 hat the read-- .er may understand what was requir-ed to be believed, .here are a few ofthe genuine articles and objects exhibited in this greatest Gothic cathe-dral in Germany: A thorn from thecrown thrust on Christ's head ; apiece of the cross on which,, he wascrucified; a finger-bon- e of St. Paul;part of the napkin with which Jesuswiped the sweat 'from His browwhile suffering under the weight ofthe cross; the links of the chain withwhich Peter was fastened; a locketof the Virgin's hair the leather gir-dle of St. John the Baptist; one ofthe thirty pieces of .silver Judas , re-ceived for betraying his Master, andfinally,' as the culmination.' of the ex- -

nioiupn, uie ceieuiateu goiuen sunof the' Three' Km'gs of' CoVoj&'e'tor Magj 'who-'came- .. from the 'Westwith brsgntS for"' tne'infaht Savior!The shrrrio ' Icohtains' 'i!he" skulls ofthoBe, Kings.!1 inscribed with- - 'theirnames rOrasper, Meicnoir, ana

in rubies, which frteshown through' an ' opening ' in theshwne orowiied,': or rather encirol- -

ed, with diadems.) rlt ds thfe back r ofthe skulls, and not the grim froots,that are presented to the visitor; butit. is a ghastly exhibition. (Whitthe names of these three' medievalmonks were Who thus wear the dia-

dems is forever lost to an inqruririgposterity.) The .Sacristan explainedthat the Magi were buried in the'Church of St. Eustorgio, m Milan,Italy, and carried off by the GermanEmperor Frederic Barbarossa whenhe took that city by storm in 1162and butchered all its inhabitants --

and were by him, presented, on hisreturn from i the7 wars, to the Arch-bishop of Cologne, and since thenthey haye been; sacredly preservedin Cologne. I observed to him thatthe collection of sacred relics ' wascertainly an admirable one, but that

did not excel the one which I hadBeen in the cathedral in

whereupon he shrugged hisshoulders, and took a pinch of snuff.and offered me one also, which wasdeclined, bb load and violent sneezing in the presence ot the Magiwould be undignified, irreverent anddisrespectful to their Sacred Majes

''

collection of sacred relics contain thefollowing objects of worship for truebelievers: a large fragment of the"true than that at Cologne; alocket of the Virgin's hair; also someof the " Infant's; a string of beadswhich the Virgin wore; the leatherngirdle of Christ, on which Constan-tino affixed his seal in attestation ofits genuineness 350 years after thecrucifixion! t.fco cnrrl which was attached to the rod which smote him;several of the thorns; a finger-bon- e

of St. Peter; a nail of the cross; thewhich was felled with vine-

gar;sponge

the arm of St. Siraoen on which

he Wo th Infant; some of theblood and bones of St. Stephen, andone of the bowlders with which hewas stoned to death: and some bitsof Aaron's rod! In addition to theforegoing property, which is exhibit-ed for 6 francs, there ia shown onoe

seven vears. the Grand Relioues.from the 10th to - ef JBlyJ

consisting of the following articles:1 The robe worn by the Virgin atthe Nativity; it is of cotton, nearlyten yards long: 2. The swaddling-clothe- s

in which Jesus was wrapped,composed of coarse cloth ef a yellowcolor.-:-;- ' 3. The cloth" on which thehead of John the Baptist was laid,fi. - The soarf worn by Christ at theCrucifixioB, bearing stains of blood.5. Tjie spear by which His side waspierced. ... All these Telics were pre-sented to Charlemagne, the storygoes, by the Patriarch of Jerusalemand by Haroun-al-Rascbi- d. . Theyare preserved in a shrine of silver- -

gilt, the work of artists of the ninthcentury. In 1861 more than 500,000devotees made a pilgrimage to

to worship those relics.The number who attended the lastexhibition, was less, but still enor-mous. The Cathedral also containsmany jewels, gems, cameos, enamels,etc., though not as large a collec-tion as that at Cologne; but theFrench carried off several millions ofdollars' worth from the two churchesand sold them to the jews to raisemoney : to prosecute their wars ofconquest,"' The gold and silver orna-meotS- j'

candlesticks;- - and crucifixes,they, transferred : to the melting-po- tand changed them into coin.

The next place of most interest tobe seen in Cologne is the' Church of

whose 'walls are "fresco-ed" and ornamented with the bonesof- - .. . . .

ELEVEN THOUSAND VIRGINS,

the companions of St. Ursula, who,according to the legend, was a prin-cess of . Great . Britain 1,800 yearsago, who .set sail with her virgintrain Pagan . . girls destined asbrides of a Pagan army which, hadmarched into the Rhine country un-der Maximus from Rome, to conquerthat part of .Pagan Germany. .Thevirgins, by some mistake, landed atCologne, which was in the hands ofHuns, who massacred the whole par-ty in exasperation at their refusal tobreak their vows of chastity ! Thehideous relics mee the gaze allaround the walls of the church, ov-erhead and everywhere.",' They arebuilt into the walls, .buried underthe floor, encircle "the doors andwindows, and 'fill glass cases. Thebones of the"' Saint herself repose ina costly coffin behind the altar,while the skulls of a few of her favorite ' maidens are deposited in thegolden chamber, incased in silver,along with othei relics, such as thestone vessel which- - held the waterturned : into wine at the ; .marriagefeast, pieces of the tru&cross, nails,thorns, etc, J. he worst of the wholematter is,, the clergy of , Cologne stilllend their sanction-- t o , all these piousIrauds, because-thei- r ..exhibition continues to be a source of revenue tothem. '. . Multitudes of the poor, deIuded, ' superstitious peasants comelong distances, to pay their ,fscantymoney to get a,, sight of the sacredhumbugs. '..,,.FrOra Cologne to Mayence is 120miles at which point the river Mainenters the Rhine--- it is twenty milesup the Main to Frankfort. - 'A railroad leads along ach J side of theriver, on which- - run numerous trainsdaily, while the river itself is covered with steamboats, barges, schooners and rafts. Hxcept on the 1 names,there is no river in Europe on Tvhichthere is so much commerce and shipping. : - . i. . - . .r

THE RHINE.

an object of worship. ' They havefought for its possession for 1,900years ever since the "days of JuliusCsesar.; Ihey cling to its valleys.and its mountains with a tenacityand desperation unprecedented in allhistory. '.The Roman legion drovethem away from it a short distance,after many a desperate and bloodybattle; but the Germans continuallyrenewed the straggle for ita posset-- .sion.. .C8ar drove them back, about50 miles to the east of it, .and stationed several legions alongjits lineat strategic points and planted colonies of Romans at . all, the favorablespots. .;. His successors-carried.- , outthe same line of policy, and the oldmitiiarv camps,.. loriincauons anawalls, constructed by them, may beseen ana traced along tha east sidebfthe'' Rhine Valley from .Utrecht,In' Tfnllarifl

j .Jtn T?1p

j in 'SwTr.zprlanrl, .. ...

and up the JMainfor a longdistance.Many or those joitiftcations are 50to 60 miles back from the Khine- -

where they protect fertile valleys orcommercial strategic points, bever-a- l

of the German fortifications areplanted on the same ground of thoseancient Roman works. Towards theend ot the first century, ' these lordsof the universe were in part com-

pelled to surrender their conqueststo the Teutonic tribes, ' who .hadmade an irresistible onslaught uponthem; but the Emperors Trajan andHadrian recovered th territory for-merly possessed by Rome, and restored the walls and fortifications,which the Germans had destroyed.However, it was onlv after long andtough fighting that the Teutons wereforced away from their dear Rhine.The Romans maintained their swayuntil near the beffinnins' of the thirdcentury, about A. D. 270, althoughcontinuously assailed by the untam-able natives. ' At that time the ni

Mattinc! and Franks unitedtheir forces, advanced against theRoman chain of fortifications, broke

it, demolished forts, tumbled down

walls, massacred colonies, defeatedthe legions, and drove them across

the Rliine, abolished the Romanand recovered their

BELOVED

The RHINE.for a hnnd red years, under the Em-perors Probus, Dioclesian, Constantine, Valentinian, and Julian II.; alltheir efforts proved in vain. Severaltimes they regained a foothold on theeast bank of the river, but could notretain it. The fierce Teutonic bar-barians drove them back and follow-ed them across, ravaging large dis-

tricts of East Gaul. "Finally the Ro-

mans were swept clear out of thecountry, and never returned. Fromthat day to this the Teutons havekept the "Watch on the Rhine" un-

remittingly. Sometimes the Frenchgot the upper hand of them, but in

the end they remained in possession,and now hold it with a farmer gripthan ever since the Roman invasion,and are likely to retain it to tha todtjf tian.

The portion of the Rhine whichtravelers most admired extends

FROM BONN TO BINGEN,

a distance of 80 miles. Below Bonnto the mouth of the river, it flowsthrough a generally level, country,with tame scenery, excellent forgrain-growin- g and :

cattle-grazin- g,

but presenting nothing grand or ro-

mantic; and, above Bingen thehills are low, the valley wide apleasant, fruitful land, flowing withoil and wine, but not g,

nor dotted with old castles and per-vaded with knightly traditions. Thescenery and romance of the river,as before stated, are embraced in the80 miles between Bonn and Bingen.This is the part which Byron calls"the majestic Rhine,"A blending of all beauties : streams and

. dells, . , , --

Fruit, foliage, crag wood, cornfield,mountain, vine,

And chief! ess castles, breathing sternfarewells,

I have had two views of this partof the Rhine one by rail, whichgives a flying glance or panoramicview, but leaves no time for closeobservation;- - the other from thesteamer's deck up stream from sun-rise to sunset, as the boat beat itsway against the strong current; witha good chart before me, there wastime and opportunity to notice eve-ry crag, precipice, peak, castle, vil-lage, vineyard and bend of the river.The impression produced was this;that it was very beautiful, charming,poetical, and in places verging onthe grand in Nature, and actuallyromantic in Art; but nothing was

g, or hardly austere.There was nothing in my view superi-or to what is seen on the Hudson,among , the Highlands, or LakeGeorge, and very lew parts of theriver surpassed,

OR EVEN EQUALLED,

the Potomao at Harper's Ferry.The mountain-scener- y commenceswith the Seven Mountains (Seiben-gebirge- ),

just above Bonn, wherethe plain ceases, and the river-valle- y

suddenly contracts to a narrowspace. They are the highest on itsbanks, but look low and small formountains, being not more than 1,-0-

feet above the surface' of theriver. - They stand as sentinels onthe entrance of the narrow, craggyvalley., The most noted one is call-ed the Drachenfels, (Dragon Rock),which rises abruptly from the water sedge, and is' crowned with' a ruinedcastle,, of which thirty or forty morecan be seen on the ' precipices andcrags along the river to Bingen,. Atthe latter place, the river suddenlyemerges from a wall of . rock, andwinda about through a beautifulplain, bounded by low, retiring hills,and then divides into the Rhine andMain. r..::.; .

'

By looking at a good topograph-ical map of the country the readerwill perceive that a low range ofmountains crosses the Rhine, atright angles with it, at the pointwhere the little River Nahe unitesits waters with those of the Rhinethat is, at Bingen.' The range iscalled the . ; ; ; '

"TAUNUS MOUNTAINS."

In prehistoric times they formed awall or dam across the Rhine Val-ley, and backed its waters for 300miles, as far as Basle, in Switzer-land, causing a great lake, of irreg-ular outline and. with several longbays, covering as much space, how-ever, as does Lake Michigan. Theold shore line of this lake has beentraced by the geologists of Germa-

ny for hundreds of miles. Its exist-ence is further proved by findingfresh water deposits and shellsalong the Valley of the Rhine, Mainand . Nahe, which were then cover-ed by the lake. Some ;volcanic orearthquake convulsions must haveburst through this mountain-wal- l,

winch is several miles wide, ana crerAted - for the river a passage-t- o thesea, in this direction, through whichit has torn and worn a gorge m inecourse of .age. ' The whole extent ofthe country, from the wall to the"Sevpn IVronniiAiifs" at Bonn, in anunlift of " volcanic" creation, whichTiaa an elevation of 500 tO 1,000 feetabove the Dlain country to the northand "south Of them.ilThe Rhine- -

winds about among those hills or lowmountains, and . has . sunk itself fachannel several hundred feet lowerthan the original, bed of the riverafter it broke through the Taunuschain of Bingen. At a dozen placeswhere rideres of rocks crossed thethe pathway of the river the chan-nel is worn barely wide enough toallow passage room for the rushingwater. It is at these points wherethe ;'..'' ''

OLD FEUDAL CASTLES

are perched, like eagle-nes- on topof inacessible rocks. And indeedthey were mere robbers' nests, plae- -

for those ofgive purposes and not,. The Rhine in the Middle

Ages, furnished the only channel ofconimunicauou uekwecu vcuumGermany and the Law countriesand the sea. - Thousands of boatsand barges sailed up or floated downthe river and its affluents, ladenwith merchandise produce, and val-uables of all kinds. A strong windfrom the west or north nearly always blows up the nver-valle- v. enabling vessels of considerable tonnage to sr.il all the way from Rotterdam or Amsterdam to Balse, 600miles. It , was upon this ascendingand descending merchants fleet thatthe robber-Baron- s, located along theriver at its narrow dangerous partsbounced like birds of prey. Eachlordly owner of a castle has his hun-

dreds or thousands of fighting re-

tainers, who were supported fromthe spoils of the river commerce, or

the black-maile- d levied on all pas

sing vessels. Every castle ciaimeuthe Tight to levy ton w """ties on all craft which passeu a particular point on the river.going upor dwn T thus. Uck-mailed- "

thirty or forty times in .distance of 80 miles! And somebonds and gorges there are a half-a--

dozon of these thieves' strongholdsin sirrht at once perched on cliffson the sides of the mountain, 300 to800 feet above the water. The blackmail and robberies became at lengthso insupportable that all the citiesabove and below the mtesiea pons oithe river, to the number of ixty, en-

tered into tolemn league for their

total extermhiation,which was ki.ownas" the .

'

"CONFEDERATION OF THE RHINE."whose numerous and formadable ar-mies, attacking the "castles from therear or the heights above them, cap-tured one after another and burnedor dismantled them. The contestwith these land-pirate- s was a long &desperate one, but the er

party was finally successfulagainst personal liberty in uprootingand destroying its bandits, as well asIn demolishing their nests and free-ing the river from their depredationswhich had continued for severalcenturies, commencing about thetime of the first Crusades, and last-ing until the end of the fourteenth,century. Some of the strongest ofthe castles were afterwards repairedand converted into fortresses by theGerman rulers: that of Rhinefels,the most extensive ruins on the '

Rhine, withstood a long siege by aFrench army in 1092. A few ofthem have, of recent years, been re-paired for romantic summer-residenc-

of German nobles. One calledthe "Eagle's Nest,", is occupied ashort portion of the year by PrinceCharles. It stands on a juttingpoint in a most picturesque position.But, after all that has been writ andrhymed about the romance and beau-ty of those ancient castles, they have 'been greatly exagerated by the po-

ets and romances, and it requireslittle stretch of the imagination toarouse much enthusiastic wonderover their black and broken oldwalls, crumbling turrets, or villain-ous origin and purposes.

All the way up the Rhine, fromBonn to Mayence, the hill and moun-tain sides, where the sun falls atnoon, are covered with.

VINEYARDS.

sees along the Valley of the Rhine,in France. In some places thereare twenty-fiv- e to thirty terraces,one above" another, like flights ofstairs. At one point I counted thirty-t-

wo, extending from the river'sedge 1,000 feet upwards. Each ter-

race is supported by a stroDg wall ofsolid masonry, and the height fromone to the other, as well as the widthof the stiips of ground, varies in ac-

cordance, with the steepness of themountain side. ... Some of them are30 feet high and not ten broad, andothers are the reverse of these fig-

ures. At some .places the vines arecarried up in baskets on the heads of

the cultivators generally by women

and earth is also conveyed thitherby the same means. FrCm all which

the reader may form gome ijeaofthe labor required to cultivate Ci?e

far-fame- d Rhine vineyards. Thebest wines are produced from thegrapes grown on the right bank ofthe river, as the rays of the mid-da- y

sun fall perpendicularly on theslopes of that side, but obliquely onthe other side. The slaty . debris ofthe mountain sides seems to-b- pe-

culiarly favorable to retaining atnight the heat of the sun's rays, andthe finest flavored and richest redwines are only produced under such .

circumstances. For 100 miles upand down and for 50 on each side ofthe Rhine, among its mountains, onsunny hill-side- s, the grape is grown.Within this broken and mountain-ous district of upland is produced,perhaps four-fifth- s of all the wine

GermanA GREAT CENTRE.

for the manufacture and gtorage ofwine is Frankfort. There are scores

of wine-merchan- ts in this city, who

have stored in their vaults millionsof gallons of what in commerce is

known as Rhine wines. Some of thevintage dates back to the time of thelast campaign with , the French,., in1814. The best dealers do not pre-

tend to offer in the market or re-

commend their wines until they arefive years old. A certain per cent, isadded each year to the price ofwines. ' Thus, a vintage of 1860 willcost double as much as one in 1870.

It is by this means the dealers areenabled to keep their wineff for 'anindefinite period of time. They feel

desire to sell as long as

the price of their wines is increasingby-1- or 12 per cent, annually, as

they can make no better us of theircapital than to let it ferment and ri-

pen in their wine-vault-s.

gome observations intended re-

specting this great head-quarte- rs ofthe Jewish bankers and the.

"CRADLE OF THE ROTHCHILD FAMILY,"

as Frankfort is called, must be post-

poned with the single remark that itft one of the finest looking cities inGermany and is filled with Germansfrom America, who, having madetheir fortunes in IS ew 1 ork, Boston,Philadephia, San Francisco, Chicagoand other American cities, have ed

here to spend and enjoythem, while, at the sanje time, theyhold fast to their American citizenship for the sake of the privilegesond exemptions it affords them. Is

J.

The Thousand Islands.

What are called the ThousandIslands in the St. Lawrence numberin reality about 1,300. They com-

mence at a point a iijtle below Clay-

ton, and extend down ii river adistance of some eighteen or twentymiles. Many of the Island aresmall, containing from one half tothree acres. There are, of course,larger ones, but glancing over thelist of owners, I find that the small

instances the fa-

vorites,ones are in many

because all that is necessary

is the room to build a cottage anaerect a wharf aud perhaps a boathouse. The largest island is Well's,which is ten miles in length and con-

tains 8,000 acres. This Is used principally for farming purposes. " Theislands are generally covered withsmall trees'aud undergrowing foliagealso aboundiug with many rare andbeautiful wild flowers.

"They parted in sorrow, they parted in tears. ihe husband was toremain at Bordeaux, for he had asituation there; the wife was to goto London as a governess, and" theyfilled the railway station with thenoise and sobbing of their parting."Do not cease to love me. ana aonot forget that you are the wife of adecent man," said the husband."Never, never," said the wife, andshe pulled out her handkerchief andtied a knot ia it, that the might re-

member.