ashrae/iesna standard 90.1 merle f. mcbride, ph.d., p.e., member senior research associate owens...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 Merle F. McBride, Ph.D., P.E., Member Senior Research Associate Owens Corning ASHRAE Summer Meeting Nashville, TN June 28, 2004](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e965503460f94b9a166/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1
Merle F. McBride, Ph.D., P.E., MemberSenior Research Associate
Owens CorningASHRAE Summer Meeting
Nashville, TNJune 28, 2004
Current Standard 90.1 Economic Analysis Methods
![Page 2: ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 Merle F. McBride, Ph.D., P.E., Member Senior Research Associate Owens Corning ASHRAE Summer Meeting Nashville, TN June 28, 2004](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e965503460f94b9a166/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Overview
Background
Life Cycle Cost Analysis
Scalar Ratios
National Energy Savings
Examples
![Page 3: ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 Merle F. McBride, Ph.D., P.E., Member Senior Research Associate Owens Corning ASHRAE Summer Meeting Nashville, TN June 28, 2004](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e965503460f94b9a166/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Background – Std. 90.1-1989
Professional Judgment
Economics – Pipe Insulation
Imbalance
Envelope
Lighting
HVAC
![Page 4: ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 Merle F. McBride, Ph.D., P.E., Member Senior Research Associate Owens Corning ASHRAE Summer Meeting Nashville, TN June 28, 2004](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e965503460f94b9a166/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1989 Relative Stringency
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Envelope Mechanical Lighting
Building Technology
Re
lati
ve
Str
ing
en
cy
![Page 5: ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 Merle F. McBride, Ph.D., P.E., Member Senior Research Associate Owens Corning ASHRAE Summer Meeting Nashville, TN June 28, 2004](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e965503460f94b9a166/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
1991 Proposal – LCC Analysis
Energy Savings
Tier I - 25%
Tier II - 50%
Tier III - 75%
LCC Economics
Balanced
Professional Judgement
![Page 6: ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 Merle F. McBride, Ph.D., P.E., Member Senior Research Associate Owens Corning ASHRAE Summer Meeting Nashville, TN June 28, 2004](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e965503460f94b9a166/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1999 Relative Stringency
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Envelope Mechanical Lighting
Building Technology
Re
lati
ve
Str
ing
en
cy
1999
1989
![Page 7: ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 Merle F. McBride, Ph.D., P.E., Member Senior Research Associate Owens Corning ASHRAE Summer Meeting Nashville, TN June 28, 2004](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e965503460f94b9a166/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Life-Cycle Cost Economic Analysis (ASTM E 917)
LCC = FC + M + R + E - RV
where
LCC = life-cycle cost ($)
FC = first cost ($)
M = maintenance and repair costs ($)
R = replacement costs ($)
E = energy costs ($)
RV = resale value or salvage ($)
![Page 8: ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 Merle F. McBride, Ph.D., P.E., Member Senior Research Associate Owens Corning ASHRAE Summer Meeting Nashville, TN June 28, 2004](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e965503460f94b9a166/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Present Value
PVLCC = FC + PVM + PVR + PVE - PVRV
where
PVM = M x UPWF
PVR = R x UPWF
PVE = E x UPWF
PVRV = RV x SPVF
![Page 9: ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 Merle F. McBride, Ph.D., P.E., Member Senior Research Associate Owens Corning ASHRAE Summer Meeting Nashville, TN June 28, 2004](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e965503460f94b9a166/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Uniform Present Worth Factor
UPWF = [(1+i)n -1] / [ i x (1+i)n]
Single Present Value FactorSPVF = 1/(1+D)n
where
i = fuel escalation rate (decimal)
n = measure life (years)
D = discount rate (decimal)
![Page 10: ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 Merle F. McBride, Ph.D., P.E., Member Senior Research Associate Owens Corning ASHRAE Summer Meeting Nashville, TN June 28, 2004](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e965503460f94b9a166/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Economic Assumptions
PVLCC = PVFC + PVM + PVR + PVE - PVRV
PVLCC = PVFC + PVE
OBJECTIVE
Determine minimum PVLCC
0 0 0
![Page 11: ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 Merle F. McBride, Ph.D., P.E., Member Senior Research Associate Owens Corning ASHRAE Summer Meeting Nashville, TN June 28, 2004](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e965503460f94b9a166/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
LCC Theory
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Energy Conservation Measure
LC
C (
$)
First Costs
Energy Costs
LCC
1-16
![Page 12: ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 Merle F. McBride, Ph.D., P.E., Member Senior Research Associate Owens Corning ASHRAE Summer Meeting Nashville, TN June 28, 2004](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e965503460f94b9a166/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Incremental LCC
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Energy Conservation Measure
Incre
me
nta
l L
CC
($)
Incremental Energy Savings
Incremental First Costs
1-17
![Page 13: ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 Merle F. McBride, Ph.D., P.E., Member Senior Research Associate Owens Corning ASHRAE Summer Meeting Nashville, TN June 28, 2004](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e965503460f94b9a166/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Expanding Energy Savings Terms FYSh x Ph x UPWFh + FYSc x Pc x UPWFc = FC x SPVF
where
FYSh = first year savings for heating (therms)
Ph = price of heating fuel ($/therm)
UPWFh = UPWF for heating (dimensionless)
FYSc = first year savings for cooling (kWh)
Pc = price of heating fuel ($/kWh)
UPWFc = UPWF for cooling (dimensionless)
FC = incremental change in first cost ($)
![Page 14: ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 Merle F. McBride, Ph.D., P.E., Member Senior Research Associate Owens Corning ASHRAE Summer Meeting Nashville, TN June 28, 2004](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e965503460f94b9a166/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Expanding First Year Saving Terms
FYSh = U x h x HDD65
FYSc = U x c x CDD50
where
U = incremental change in U-factors
h = heating regression coefficient
c = cooling regression coefficient
HDD65 = heating degree days base 65oF
CDD50 = cooling degree days base 50oF
![Page 15: ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 Merle F. McBride, Ph.D., P.E., Member Senior Research Associate Owens Corning ASHRAE Summer Meeting Nashville, TN June 28, 2004](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e965503460f94b9a166/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Define Scalars and Scalar Ratios
Sh = scalar ratio for heating = UPWFh/SPVF
Sc = scalar ratio for cooling = UPWFc/SPVF
S2 = SPVF
SR = scalar ratio, Sh/S2 and Sc/S2
![Page 16: ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 Merle F. McBride, Ph.D., P.E., Member Senior Research Associate Owens Corning ASHRAE Summer Meeting Nashville, TN June 28, 2004](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e965503460f94b9a166/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Combining Terms
U x h x HDD65 x Ph x Sh + U x c x CDD50 x Pc x Sc = FC x S2
Divide by S2:
U x h x HDD65 x Ph x Sh + U x c x CDD50 x Pc x Sc = FC
S2 S2
Apply the definition of the scalar ratio:
U x h x HDD65 x Ph x SR + U x c x CDD50 x Pc x SR = FC
![Page 17: ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 Merle F. McBride, Ph.D., P.E., Member Senior Research Associate Owens Corning ASHRAE Summer Meeting Nashville, TN June 28, 2004](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e965503460f94b9a166/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Scalar Ratio
Energy Savings
Economic Life
Fuel Escalation Rates
Heating
Cooling
Discount Rate
First Costs
Loan Life
Loan Interest Rate
Tax Rates
Federal
State
![Page 18: ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 Merle F. McBride, Ph.D., P.E., Member Senior Research Associate Owens Corning ASHRAE Summer Meeting Nashville, TN June 28, 2004](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e965503460f94b9a166/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Economic Applications
1 - Single Measure, Long Life
Opaque Envelope Elements
U-factors, 30 years
2 - Multiple Measures, Long Life
Fenestration
U-factors, SHGC, 30 years
3 - Single Measure, Short Life
HVAC Equipment
COP, 15 years
![Page 19: ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 Merle F. McBride, Ph.D., P.E., Member Senior Research Associate Owens Corning ASHRAE Summer Meeting Nashville, TN June 28, 2004](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e965503460f94b9a166/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Fenestration
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
Construction Option
Do
lla
rs First Costs
Energy
LCC
1-18
![Page 20: ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 Merle F. McBride, Ph.D., P.E., Member Senior Research Associate Owens Corning ASHRAE Summer Meeting Nashville, TN June 28, 2004](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e965503460f94b9a166/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
ASHRAE Std. 90.1R National Energy Model #1
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Scalar Ratio
Avg
. Nat
iona
l Ene
rgy
(Mill
ion
Btu
)
90.1-1989
25%
50%
75%
![Page 21: ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 Merle F. McBride, Ph.D., P.E., Member Senior Research Associate Owens Corning ASHRAE Summer Meeting Nashville, TN June 28, 2004](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e965503460f94b9a166/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
ECONOMIC DATA INPUT CALC SCALARS HEATING COOLING
Loan Life (Years, max 100) 30 First Cost Scalar - S2 1.059 1.059
Discount Rate (%, Nominal) 6.1% Scalars - Sh & Sc 14.67 14.67INVESTMENT COST DATA Scalar Ratio - SR 13.9 13.9
Purchase and Installation ($) $1,000Down Payment ($) $0Loan ($) $1,000Loan Interest Rate (%) 8.3%Yearly Loan Payment ($) $91.35
HEATINGHeating Energy Price ($/therm) 5.60Heating Fuel Escalation Rate (%, Nominal) 2.5%
COOLINGCooling Energy Price ($/kWh) 0.08Cooling Fuel Escalation Rate (%, Nominal) 2.5%
TAXESState Tax Rate (%) 6%Federal Tax Rate (%) 15%Combined Tax Rate (%) (A) 20.1%
Notes
'Federal' x (1-'State') + 'State' = 'Combined'.
Table 1 ASHRAE Standard 90.1 - Scalar Ratio Calculations
SCALAR RATIOS
Federal tax liability, the combined tax rate is:
0
ECONOMIC CALCULATIONS
A = To account for the deductibility of State tax from
![Page 22: ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 Merle F. McBride, Ph.D., P.E., Member Senior Research Associate Owens Corning ASHRAE Summer Meeting Nashville, TN June 28, 2004](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e965503460f94b9a166/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Scalar RatiosFuel Escalation Rates: 2-10%
Discount Rates: 4-16%Interest Rates: 6-16%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Measure Life (years)
Sc
ala
r R
ati
o
![Page 23: ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1 Merle F. McBride, Ph.D., P.E., Member Senior Research Associate Owens Corning ASHRAE Summer Meeting Nashville, TN June 28, 2004](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070409/56649e965503460f94b9a166/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Current Standard 90.1 Economic Analysis Methods
ASHRAE Summer MeetingNashville, TNJune 28, 2004
ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1
1-37