ashrae sustainability the road to net zero gcg

ASHRAE’s Sustainability Goals

The Path to Net Zero Energy Buildings

Gordon V. R. Holness, P.E.ASHRAE Society President Elect


The Path Towards Net Zero Energy Buildings

Resolving the Issues of Increasing Demand, Decreasing

Supply and Environmental Impact.


ASHRAE Goal - A Sustainable Built ASHRAE Goal - A Sustainable Built EnvironmentEnvironment 33

SUSTAINABILITYSUSTAINABILITY

1987 UNITED NATIONS BRUNDLAND COMMISSION

“DEVELOPMENT THAT MEETS THE NEEDS OF THE PRESENT WITHOUT

COMPROMISING THE ABILITY OF FUTURE GENERATIONS TO MEET THEIR OWN

NEEDS”

(Not A New Issue – Probably Dates Back to At Least The Roman Era)

ASHRAE Sustainability Initiatives

ASHRAE is working hard in a wide range of areas to support the goals of sustainability for reduction in energy use and green house gas emissions.• 2006 Strategic Plan• Green Guide 2nd Edition• Sustainability Roadmap• Vision 2020 Report – NZEB goals• Building Performance Metrics Projects• ASHRAE Building Energy Labeling

Program• Educational, Certification & Research

Programs

ASHRAE’s Path Towards Net Zero Energy Buildings

•Advanced Energy Design GuidesAdvanced Energy Design Guides•Standard 90.1Standard 90.1

•Standard 189.1Standard 189.1•Standard 100 Standard 100

•Commissioning and Retro-Commissioning and Retro-CommissioningCommissioning

•Operation and Maintenance Operation and Maintenance GuidanceGuidance

Approved Jan 06 Defines an approach to

developing a leadership position for ASHRAE in sustainability

Sustainability Roadmap

Vision 2020 June 2007June 2007 Providing tools by Providing tools by

2020 that enable 2020 that enable the building the building community to community to produce market produce market viable NZEBs by viable NZEBs by 20302030

ASHRAE Green Guide

• Second Edition• Step-by-step manual for the

entire building lifecycle • Construction, operation,

maintenance, and eventual demolition

• Techniques applicable to related technical disciplines

• 29 "Green Tips" • Case studies, checklists, and

other practical information

Total Energy Consumption

21%

32%

19%

28%

BuildingsConsume40% of

US Primary Energy

In the Life Cycle of a BuildingIn the Life Cycle of a Building

Initial Construction Cost is only 2%Initial Construction Cost is only 2%

Operational and Energy Cost is only 6%Operational and Energy Cost is only 6%

Occupancy Cost Accounts for 92%Occupancy Cost Accounts for 92%

Why Energy Efficiency and Why Energy Efficiency and Sustainable BuildingsSustainable Buildings

In the Life Cycle of a Building

Initial Construction Cost is only 2%

Operational and Energy Cost is only 6%

Occupancy Cost Accounts for 92%

• 17% of fresh water consumption• 25% of wood consumption• 33% of CO2 emissions• 30% of waste generation• 40% of energy use (industry 32% and transportation 28%)• 55% of natural gas use• 72% of electrical energy use

Building Operations Represent

World Marketed Energy Consumption

Quadrillion BtuHistoryHistory ProjectionsProjections

Source: Energy Information Administration (EIA), International Energy Annual Report Source: Energy Information Administration (EIA), International Energy Annual Report 20042004

Why Are We Here?Why Are We Here?

1414

PER CAPITA ENERGY CONSUMPTIONWorldwide Average 200 Kwh/capita/year

China 1800 Kwh/capita/year

Europe 6000 Kwh/capita/year

USA 16,000 Kwh/capita/year

Available Data Bases for Commercial Buildings

Energy Information Agencyunder US Department of Energy

US DOE Building Energy Data Book

www.energystar.gov/benchmarks

http://buildingsdatabook.eren.doe.gov./

High Performance Building Data Base

www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/high performance

http://www.energystar.gov/benchmarks

http://www.energystar.gov/benchmarks




http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/h

http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/h

Available Data Bases for Commercial Buildings

Energy Information Agencyunder US Department of Energy

Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey – CBECS

Whole Building Design Guide

www.wbdg.org

www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cbecs

Wwww.wbdg.org

http://www.eiav/e

http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cbecs

Specific Energy Specific Energy FiguresFigures CBECS Data for Commercial CBECS Data for Commercial

BuildingsBuildings

1979 – 125,000 btu/sq. ft./year 1979 – 125,000 btu/sq. ft./year (Approx)(Approx)

1999 – 85,100 btu/sq.ft/year1999 – 85,100 btu/sq.ft/year

2003 – 91,000 btu/sq.ft/year2003 – 91,000 btu/sq.ft/year

Specific Energy Figures

The Case for Energy Efficiency and Sustainable

Buildings

17%other

39%lighting

30%HVACR

8% office equipment

5% water heating1% cooking

Average Energy Consumptionin Commercial Buildings

IncreasedProductivity.

20%BETTER TEST

PERFORMANCE

SCHOOLS

EARLIERDISCHARGE

HOSPITALS

INCREASEDPRODUCTION

FACTORIES

2-16%PRODUCTIVITY

INCREASE

OFFICES

INCREASEIN SALES PERSQUARE FOOT

RETAIL


• Advanced Energy Design Guides (AEDG) Retail 30%, Office 30%, K-12 Schools

30%, Warehouses 30%, - Already Published

Highway Lodgings, Health Care Facilities

b

• Targeting Small BuildingsTypically under 20,000 to 50,000 square feet.

• Based upon CBECS Data 89% of Commercial Buildings are under 25,000 sq. ft.

53% of Commercial Buildings are under 5,000 sq. ft.

ASHRAE’s Advanced Energy

Design Guides

ASHRAE AEDGsIf Every One of the 150,000 Downloads of the AEDGs Resulted in Just One Project

Being Designed at 30% Saving

We Would Save:

78 Trillion Btu/Year13.25 Million Tons CO2/Year

$900 Million Per Year

Development of the Guides

Collaboration of Partner OrganizationsManagement via Steering GroupVolunteer team effort 8-15 Member Project Committees3500+ to 5000+ person-hrs to develop eachReviewed multiple times during writing process

Goal•Present a way, but not the only

way to build energy efficient buildings that use significantly less energy than those built to the minimum code requirements

•At least 30% energy savings when compared to ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Std 90.1-1999

•30% progress toward a net zero energy building

What’s In the Guides?•Section 1 – Introduction – Essentials of

Achieving the Savings

•Section 2 - Integrated design process to achieve energy savings (how to integrate energy into the design of the building)

•Sections 3 & 4 - Recommendations by climate zone including example building designs (the specifics) and case studies

•Section 5 - How-to guidance for implementing recommendations (helpful hints and cautions))

Section 3.Recommendations

Tables•Given by climate zone (Canada, Mexico added)

•Combined energy savings based on “systems approach” where all recommendations are used

•Recommendations based on many EnergyPlus simulations

Recommendation Tables

•Prescriptive recommendations identify energy savings without costly calculations or analysis

•Energy-saving recommendations for each climate zone contained on single small table (K-12 is 2 pages, others on one page)

•Tables color-coded to maps•Recommendations must be

used with underlying code or standard

Section 4. Case Studies

K-12 Example Designs by Climate Zone•Features real examples

of advanced building energy designs

•Demonstrates flexibility offered in achieving advanced energy savings levels

•Text describes energy features used

•In K-12 tables are given for energy savings features implemented and measured energy usage in each case study

Now What?

Energy Efficiency Guides for Existing Buildings

•Business Case•Technical Guide•Owning and Operating Guide

Additional Advanced Energy Design Guides Planned or In Process

50% and NZEB Design Guides

•50% and NZEB guides are being planned

•K-12 School Buildings hope to start soon

•Strategic planning has been done to provide structure and identification of research needed

•Anticipated these will have more emphasis on integrated design process

•Target completion of 50% series is 2009-2011

•Target completion of NZEB series is 2013-2015 year

Net-Zero-Energy BuildingsBuildings which,

on an annual basis, use no more energy than is provided by on-site renewable energy sources.

000%0% 100%100%

Source Energy Savings (%)Source Energy Savings (%)

Tota

l Ann

ual C

osts

($/y

ear)

Tota

l Ann

ual C

osts

($/y

ear) Lease Costs (or Finance Costs)Lease Costs (or Finance Costs)

Utility billsUtility bills

Cash flowCash flow

11

22

Standards Development

90.1 - Design of Commercial Buildings, Except Low-Rise Residential

Goal: 30% increase in stringency between 2004 and 2010

versions90.1-2004 increased 11% over

90.1-1999 New scalar ratio being applied189.1P – Design of High-Performance Green Buildings Minimum criteria for a green/sustainable building Initial target is 30% over 90.1-2004

Specific Energy Figures

ASHRAE Standard 90.11975 – 65,000 btu/sq.ft/year (Approx)1999 – 53,300 btu/sq.ft/year2004 – 47,000 btu/sq.ft/year2010 – 36,000 btu/sq.ft/year (Goal)2020 – 18,000 btu/sq.ft/year (Goal)

ASHRAE Standard 189.12007 – 33,000 btu/sq.ft/year (Goal)2010 – 25,000 btu/sq.ft/year (Goal)2020 – 12,500 btu/sq.ft/year (Goal)2030 – Net Zero btu/sq.ft/year (Goal)

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

36000

Year

Ener

gy (k

Btu

/yr )

ASHRAE BOD Goal

Standard 90.1Standard 90.1

Standard 189 Standard 189

AEDGAEDG

Energy Reduction Proposal

ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1Energy Standard for Buildings

ExceptLow-Rise Residential Buildings

1 – Purpose2 – Scope3 – Definitions4 – Compliance5 – Envelope6 – HVAC7 – Service Water8 – Elect. Power9 – Lighting10 – Other Equipment11 – Energy Cost12 – ReferencesAppendices & Addenda

ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1Energy Standard for Buildings

ExceptLow-Rise Residential Buildingsi

–

Current State Adoptions of Current State Adoptions of Standard 90.1Standard 90.1

ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 189.1 P

ASHRAE/USGBC/IESNA Standard 189.1,

Standard for High-Performance Green Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential

Buildings

What is Standard 189.1P?

A model code that provides standards for high-

performance, green buildings

189.1 applies to all buildings except low-rise residential

buildings(same as ASHRAE/IESNA Std

90.1)

not a design guide, not a rating system

Triggers to Accelerate Green Buildings

Goals for Standard 189.1 • Establish mandatory criteria in all topic areas:

- one “problem” with existing rating systems is that they contain few mandatory provisions

- consequently, a designer can achieve “points” & claim that they have a “green building”,

butstill make no improvements in some areas

• Provide simple compliance options: - another critique of existing rating systems is the need for extensive calculations (e.g. energy)

• Complement green building rating programs:- Std 189.1 is not intended to compete with

green building rating programs

Potential Users for Standard 189.1• Organizations with Green Building Rating Systems (USGBC, GBI, etc.):

incorporated as the baseline (prerequisite) in a green building rating system

• Developers: individual project• Corporations: corporation buildings • Universities: campus buildings • States/municipalities: their own buildings• States/municipalities: basis for incentives,

such as zoning bonus for greater height• States/municipalities: all private construction;

may need to cite in multiple codes such as zoning, plumbing, energy, building

Standard 189 Topic Areas•Sustainable Sites

(3 mandatory, 1 prescriptive/performance)•Water Use Efficiency

(3 mandatory, 2 prescriptive/performance)•Energy Efficiency

(3 mandatory, 1 prescriptive/performance)• Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)

(7 mandatory, 2 prescriptive/performance) •The Building’s Impact on the Atmosphere,

Materials and Resources (4 mandatory, 1 prescriptive/performance)

•Construction and Operation Plans (9 mandatory, 0 prescriptive/performance)

Energy EfficiencyMandatory Provisions•Metering: meters,

meter data collection, and data storage and retrieval

•On-site renewable energy power systems with a peak electrical generating capacity of not less than 1.0% of the electrical service load

Prescriptive Option (Building Envelope) CZ-5 Boston

•Roof insulation: R-4.4 (R-25) continuous, R-8.6 (R-49) attic

•Wall: R-2.3 (R-13) cavity + R-1.8 (R-10) cont.

R-2.3 (R-13.3) mass wall•Fenestration assembly:

U-1.4 (U-0.25) wood, vinyl, fiberglass frame

U-2.0 (U-0.35) curtain wall U-2.6 (U-0.45) other metal SHGC-0.35

Energy Efficiency

Prescriptive Option (Mechanical)

•Economizer cycle for units > 9.7 kW(33,000 Btuh)

Energy Efficiency

Prescriptive Option (Other Equipment)

•Energy Star equipment and appliances

Energy Efficiency

Performance OptionTwo criteria:•Annual energy cost:

proposed < mandatory plus prescriptive

•Annual carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e): proposed < mandatory plus prescriptive

Energy Efficiency

Indoor Environmental QualityMandatory Provisions•Outdoor air monitoring•CO2 monitoring in densely

occupied mechanically ventilated spaces, and naturally ventilated spaces

•Outdoor air flow rate monitoring in non-densely occupied, mechanically ventilated spaces

Indoor Environmental Quality


Mandatory Provisions

•Thermal Comfort•Comply with

ASHRAE Std 55•Mat Systems at

Building Entrances



Mandatory Provisions

•Acoustical Control•Defined STC values

for exterior and interior assemblies

•Daylighting by toplighting (skylights)•Targeted for big box

retail applications


Indoor Environmental QualityPerformance Option• Day lighting• Physical or computer

model• All regularly occupied

spaces• Minimum illuminance target:

300 lux (30 fc) on work surfaces,4.5 m (15 ft) from façade, noon equinox

• Direct sunlight on work plane < 20% of occupied hours on equinox day


Construction and OperationMandatory Provisions• Building Commissioning• Fundamental building commissioning

> 500 m2 (5000 ft2), or• Acceptance testing of HVAC and

lighting, similar to CEC Nonresidential Compliance Manual

• Measurement and Verification Plan• Completed prior to 100% DD • Owner responsible for

implementation

• ASHRAE Guideline 0 The Building Commissioning Process

• Integrated Building Design Guide• Carbon Equivalent Based Evaluation of

Building Construction and Operation• ASHRAE support of the Clinton Climate

Change Initiative • C40 Large Cities Climate Leadership Group

(Energy Efficiency Building Retrofit Program) (Account for almost 80% of greenhouse gases)

• Encouraging Renewable Power


77%%

20052005

20062006

Renewable Energy Use

75% to 80% of All Buildings That will Exist

in 2030

Exist Today!

Our Greatest OpportunitiesOur Greatest OpportunitiesNew Buildings?

150 Billion sq.ft. of Existing Buildings in the USA will need to be

Renovated in the Next 30 years

Our Greatest OpportunitiesExisting Buildings

New Buildings RepresentOnly 2% of Construction Projects

Existing Buildings Represent86% of Construction Costs

Existing Buildings in the USA Consume $140 billion/year in Energy

Costs

And the USA Spends $500 billion/year in Building Renovation

Clearly our Greatest Opportunity for Reducing Energy Use and Improving Sustainability Lays with Increasing

Energy Efficiency in Existing Buildings

ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 100-2006

6363

Identify Potential Energy Saving Measures for Existing

Buildings• Routine Maintenance and Repairs

• Retro – Commissioning

• Utility Tariffs/Negotiations

• Tenant Fit Out and Improvements

• Equipment Replacement

• Major Renovations

Identify Potential Energy Saving Measures for Existing Buildings

Building Envelope Lighting Systems Window Replacement T8 Versus T12 Lamps Solar Films Compact Fluorescent Bulbs Caulking/Sealing Electronic Ballasts Enhanced Insulation Day Lighting Controls

Motion Sensors

HVAC Systems Controls/Other Higher Equip. Efficiencies Management Systems Heat Recovery Maintenance Systems Displacement Ventilation Monitoring/Auditing DOAS Applied Photo Voltaics GSHP Variable Speed Drives

Our Greatest OpportunitiesOn Existing Buildings

High Penetration Energy Efficiency Program Could Save

1000’s of MW in Generating Capacity and

10,000’s of GWH in Power GenerationIndustrial Commercial

Residential

FEDERAL ENERGY LEGISLATION

HR 3221 ENERGY INDEPENDENCE AND SECURITY ACT - 2007

S.2191 CLIMATE CHANGEHR 3031 SUSTAINABILITY

NZEB for Federal Facilities

Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) requires federal buildings to reduce their fossil fuel based requires federal buildings to reduce their fossil fuel based

energy use to zero by 2030. energy use to zero by 2030.

Co-Sponsors: ASHRAE, AIA, ACCA, GBI, ICC, IFMA, NFPA, Co-Sponsors: ASHRAE, AIA, ACCA, GBI, ICC, IFMA, NFPA, NIBS, USGBC and othersNIBS, USGBC and others

Integrated Building DesignASHRAE IBD Manual of Practice

Building Information ModelingASHRAE BIM Guide

ASHRAE “SMART” Documents


Facility MgmtFacility Mgmt

Construction SequencingConstruction Sequencing

Quantities/BOMQuantities/BOM

Construction DocumentsConstruction Documents

SchedulesSchedules

VisualizationVisualization

Interference DetectionInterference Detection

BIM – A central “database” of building information from which data BIM – A central “database” of building information from which data is extracted to generate construction documents and ultimately is extracted to generate construction documents and ultimately

facilitate operationfacilitate operation

BIM : OverviewBIM : Overview

05/03/2305/03/23 7171

Building Information Modeling

Energy Simulation and ModelingEnergy Simulation and Modeling

SMART Building MaterialsBuilding EnvelopeGlass Technology

Day Lighting and Solar Innovative and Responsive Insulation

ASHRAE Sustainability ASHRAE Sustainability InitiativesInitiatives

Identify Potential Energy Saving Measures for Existing

BuildingsRole of Commissioning

and Retro Commissioning

ASHRAE Headquarters Renovation Project – A Living Laboratory

Lighting RequirementsTarget LEED Gold NC Target LEED Gold NC and Ultimately LEED and Ultimately LEED

Gold EBGold EB

ASHRAE Headquarters Renovation Project – A Living Laboratory

30% Higher 30% Higher Ventilation Rate Ventilation Rate

than 62.1than 62.1

30% Lower Energy 30% Lower Energy Use than 90.1 Use than 90.1

2004 2004

Why is Cx or RCxso Critical?

•Buildings are very complex prototypical machines

•Unique •Built on-site •Built by hand •Thousands of independent components

•Most buildings do not operate as intended

ASHRAE GuidelinesASHRAE Guideline 0-2005,

The Commissioning Process Describes the commissioning process capable of verifying a facility and its systems meet the owner’s project

requirements ASHRAE Guideline 1-2007, The HVAC Commissioning Process

Describes the technical requirements for the application of the commissioning

process that will verify HVAC systems achieve the owner’s project

requirements

Project Costs & Savings

Potential Potential Savings Savings

Cost Cost to Fix to Fix

Concept Concept DesignDesign

Construction O Construction O &M&MProject Project

Timeline Timeline

Satellite BroadcastThis Year• Integrated Building Design:

Bringing the Pieces Together to Unleash the Power of Teamwork

• Broadcast April 16, 2008• Working with DOE to re-broadcast for

Federal Agencies

Next YearNext Year

• High Performance Indoor Air High Performance Indoor Air QualityQuality• Broadcast April 16, 2009Broadcast April 16, 2009

ASHRAE Research Programs•Research Strategic Plan

identifies many energy efficiency topics•$2.5 million per year in new projects•ASHRAE Strategic Plan elements target energy efficiency –given priority in Research Strategic Plan

•Working with Research Advisory Panel and USGBC Research Committee to identify high priority building energy research

• ASHRAE Educational Programs- eLearning

•Complying with Standard 90.1•Building Commissioning•Engineering for Sustainability

• ASHRAE Certification Programs - Engineering for Sustainability Professional - Building Ownership and Operation - Commissioning

ASHRAE Educational and Certification Initiatives

•Federal Energy Savings Performance Contracting document•Professional Engineers Guide to the Energy Star Label for Buildings, EPA•ADA Guide, BOMA•Building Upgrade Manual, EPA •Energy Management Course developed by Misuriello for CSI•ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2004 and 2007 + Users Manual•ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004 and 2007 + Users Manual•ASHRAE Standard 100-2006: Energy Conservation in Existing Buildings•ASHRAE Standard 105-1984 (RA99): Standard Method of Measuring Building Energy Performance•ASHRAE Guideline 0: Commissioning Process•ASHRAE Guideline 1: HVAC Commissioning•ASHRAE Guideline 14-2002: Measurement of Energy and Demand Savings

Other InformationOther Information

High Performing Buildings Magazine

Launched November Launched November 20072007 Case StudiesCase Studies Lessons LearnedLessons Learned

The Path to Global Sustainability

And Energy Efficiency

John Ruskin 1875 – When we build let it not be for present use alone. Let it

be such work as our descendants thank us

John Ruskin 1875 – When we build let it not be for

present use alone. Let it be such work as our

descendants thank us

Thank You

Any Question

s?