asar app & apm image quality peter meadows & trish wright
DESCRIPTION
ASAR APP & APM Image Quality Peter Meadows & Trish Wright. Properties of APP & APM Products Example APP & APM Products Analysis Approach Format Verification Visual Inspection Impulse Response Function Measurements AP Cross-Polarisation Ratio. AP Channel Co-Registration - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Page 1ASAR Validation Review - ESRIN – 11-12 December 2002
Advanced Technology Centre
ASAR APP & APM Image Quality
Peter Meadows & Trish Wright Properties of APP & APM Products
Example APP & APM Products
Analysis Approach
Format Verification
Visual Inspection
Impulse Response Function Measurements
AP Cross-Polarisation Ratio
AP Channel Co-Registration
Equivalent Number of Looks and Radiometric Resolution
Azimuth Ambiguities
Localisation Accuracy
Preliminary Radiometric Calibration
Noise Equivalent Radar Cross-Section
Summary
Page 2ASAR Validation Review - ESRIN – 11-12 December 2002
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Properties of APP Imagery
• Ground range detected alternating polarisation imagery• Dual polarisation (HH & VV, HH and HV or VV & VH)• Elevation antenna pattern and range spreading loss corrections
applied• Size up to 300Mbytes with 2 byte (16bit) amplitude pixel values• Swath widths of 100 km (IS1) to 56 km (IS7) with azimuth
extents of ~100 km• Azimuth resolution of 27.6m (2 looks of ~250 Hz each)• Range resolution from 21m (IS2 far range) to 37m (IS1 near
range) and ~26m for IS3 to IS7 (1 look)• 12.5m by 12.5m pixels (hence under-sampling for spatial
resolutions less than 25m)
Page 3ASAR Validation Review - ESRIN – 11-12 December 2002
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Properties of APM Imagery
• Ground range detected alternating polarisation medium resolution imagery
• Dual polarisation (HH & VV, HH and HV or VV & VH)• Elevation antenna pattern and range spreading loss corrections
applied• Size up to few Mbytes with 2 byte (16bit) amplitude pixel values• Swath widths of 100 km (IS1) to 56 km (IS7) with azimuth
extents of ~100 km up to 4000 km• Azimuth resolution of 135m (10 looks of ~50 Hz each)• Range resolution from 109m (IS1 far range) to 163m (IS1 near
range) and ~130m for IS3 to IS7 (1 look)• 75m by 75m pixels
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APP & APM Products
IS1 IS2 IS3 IS4 IS5 IS6 IS73590 3633 3898 3855 3583 35733579
IS1 IS2 IS3 IS4 IS5 IS6 IS73712 3669 3812
AP HH/HV
AP VV/HV
• The blue orbit numbers are of The Netherlands and the purple are of Resolute, Canada. All products are processed with v3.03
• No IS1 data• Two APP products had saturated ASAR transponders (orbits 3812 & 3855)
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Example APP Products
14 July 2002
IS2 HV & HH
Ottawa, Canada
Page 6ASAR Validation Review - ESRIN – 11-12 December 2002
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6 November 2002
IS2 HV & HH
Resolute, Canada
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6 November 2002
IS2 HV & HH
The Netherlands
Page 8ASAR Validation Review - ESRIN – 11-12 December 2002
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9 November
2002
IS3 HV & HH
Example APM Products
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
0 20 40 60 80
Ground Range (km)
Rela
tive S
igm
a0 (
dB
)
Page 9ASAR Validation Review - ESRIN – 11-12 December 2002
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12 November 2002 IS3 VV & VH
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Analysis Approach• Format verification using EnviView & the ESA SAR Product
Control Software (developed by DLR & BAE Systems)• Image analysis performed using SAR Control Software (point
target & calibration modules) and following the ESA document on Quality Measurement Definitions for ASAR products
Format Verification• No problems identified with APP & APM format or header parameters,
however many of the APP products had no Chirp Parameter ADSR (hence no annotated Chirp Powers)
Visual Inspection• No problems found with any post Orbit 3661 v3.03 APP or APM products
Page 11ASAR Validation Review - ESRIN – 11-12 December 2002
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Impulse Response Function Measurements (APP)• IRF parameters have been derived using the ESA transponders in The
Netherlands and the Radarsat transponders in Canada (images 1.6 by 1.6 km).
Fredericton (HH)
Resolute (HH)
Aalsmeer (HV)
Edam (HH)
Swifterbant (HV) Resolute (HV)
Fredericton (HV)Edam (HV)
Zwolle (VH)
Edam (VV)
Page 12ASAR Validation Review - ESRIN – 11-12 December 2002
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Example APP Impulse Response Functions
Radarsat transponder, i = 15.81°, azimuth resolution = 27.49m, range resolution = 34.70m
ASAR transponder, i = 23.85°, azimuth resolution = 27.83m, range resolution = 24.14m
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Spatial Resolution (3dB width of IRF):
Note that the IS1 swath extends to 22.2° and that the IS2 swath starts at 19.2°.
• Azimuth resolution (y): 28.09±1.97m (c.f. ~27.6m theoretical value, +10% limit & 30m requirement)
• Range resolution (x): (c.f. theoretical values, +10% limit & <38m requirement for IS1 and <30m requirement for IS2 - IS7)
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Incidence Angle (Deg)
AP
P R
an
ge
Re
solu
tion
(m
)
IS1
IS2
IS3
IS4
IS5
IS6
IS7
Data
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• -12.87±1.44dB (c.f. -12.4dB theoretical value, +5dB limit & <-12dB requirement)
Integrated Sidelobe Ratio (ratio of energy in the sidelobes up to a box 20x by 20y to the energy in the mainlobe(2x by 2y)):
Peak Sidelobe Ratio (ratio of the intensity of the most intense peak outside the main lobe up to 10x by 10y to the energy in the mainlobe):• -19.07±0.94dB (c.f. -21.2dB theoretical value, +5dB
limit & <-20dB requirement)
Spurious Sidelobe Ratio (ratio of the intensity of the most intense peak outside 10x by 10y up to 20x by 20y to the energy in the mainlobe):• -25.98±2.20dB (c.f. <-25dB requirement)
Page 15ASAR Validation Review - ESRIN – 11-12 December 2002
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Impulse Response Function Measurements (APM)• IRF parameters have been derived using the ESA transponders in The
Netherlands and the Radarsat transponders in Canada (images 4.8 by 4.8km):
Resolute (HH)Aalsmeer (VH)
Edam (VV)
Zwolle (VH)
Swifterbant (VH) Resolute (HV)Aalsmeer (HV)
Edam (VH)
Edam (HV) Swifterbant (HV)
Page 16ASAR Validation Review - ESRIN – 11-12 December 2002
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Example APM Impulse Response Functions
ASAR transponder, i = 25.36°, azimuth resolution = 145.9m, range resolution = 122.1m
Radarsat transponder, i = 44.22°, azimuth resolution = 144.0m (HV) & 143.7m (HH), range resolution = 132.0m (HV) & 133.9m (HH)
Page 17ASAR Validation Review - ESRIN – 11-12 December 2002
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Spatial Resolution (3dB width of IRF):• Azimuth resolution (y): 143.9±5.9m (c.f. ~135m theoretical
value & +10% limit)• Range resolution (x): (c.f. theoretical values & +10% limit)
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Incidence Angle (Deg)
AP
M R
an
ge
Re
solu
tion
(m
)
IS1
IS2
IS3
IS4
IS5
IS6
IS7
Data
Note that the measurements are to 1/8 pixel (9.4m) and that APM products are undersampled if the resolution is < 150m.
Page 18ASAR Validation Review - ESRIN – 11-12 December 2002
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• -12.37±1.55dB (c.f. -12.4dB theoretical value, +5dB limit & <-12dB requirement)
Integrated Sidelobe Ratio (ratio of energy in the sidelobes up to a box 20x by 20y to the energy in the mainlobe(2x by 2y)):
Peak Sidelobe Ratio (ratio of the intensity of the most intense peak outside the main lobe up to 10x by 10y to the energy in the mainlobe):• -16.62±2.57dB (c.f. -21.2dB theoretical value, +5dB
limit & <-20dB requirement)
Spurious Sidelobe Ratio (ratio of the intensity of the most intense peak outside 10x by 10y up to 20x by 20y to the energy in the mainlobe):• -21.34±2.55dB (c.f. <-25dB requirement)
Page 19ASAR Validation Review - ESRIN – 11-12 December 2002
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AP Cross-Polarisation RatioThe ratio of the total power in the IRF of an ASAR transponder in both channels. Examples of IRF in second polarisation:
Aalsmeer (HH)
Edam (HV) Swifterbant (HH)
• Average APP cross-pol ratio (17 measurements): -32.1±4.2dB (c.f. predicted value of < -35dB). Caused by ASAR and/or transponders
Page 20ASAR Validation Review - ESRIN – 11-12 December 2002
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AP Channel Co-registration
The mis-registration between the two channels computed from the difference in the location of a point target IRF peak in both channels. As the Resolute transponders give strong IRF’s in all polarisations, they have been used for the co-registration:• APP products (2 measurements): 0.0m & 0.0m
• APM products (2 measurements): 9.4m & 0.0m
Page 21ASAR Validation Review - ESRIN – 11-12 December 2002
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Equivalent Number of Looks and Radiometric Resolution
• Mean equivalent number of looks: 1.99±0.05 (c.f. >1.9 requirement, -10% limit)
• Mean radiometric resolution: 2.32±0.03dB (c.f. <2.37dB requirement)
Equivalent number of looks and radiometric resolution are derived using uniform distributed targets. APP co-polarisation
measurements (4 measurements):
APM co-polarisation measurements (16 measurements):
• Mean equivalent number of looks: 56.1±16.8 (c.f. > 30 requirement, -10% limit)
• Mean radiometric resolution: 0.56±0.09dB (c.f. < 0.7dB requirement)
Page 22ASAR Validation Review - ESRIN – 11-12 December 2002
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Azimuth Ambiguities
• ASAR Transponders: -27.9±2.6dB
As Doppler frequencies can only be distinguished modulo the PRF, azimuth ambiguities occur within the azimuth antenna pattern sidelobes.
Measurement requires either a very bright point target or a bright point target with a low ambiguity background radar cross-section.
Average APP ambiguity ratio:
The requirement is -25dB while the worst case prediction is ~ -27.9dB.
• ASAR Transponders: -28.7±1.9dB
Average APM ambiguity ratio:
APM Edam (VH)
Page 23ASAR Validation Review - ESRIN – 11-12 December 2002
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Localisation Accuracy
• Mean range displacement: -3.8±26.3m• Mean azimuth displacement: -
12.9±60.1m• Mean displacement: 57.8±30.9m
The difference between the measured and predicted positions of the ASAR transponder. The predicted positions are based on image header parameters, the known location of the transponders and their time delay. The ASAR transponders have a small terrain height and hence a small range terrain displacement.
APP measurements:
Page 24ASAR Validation Review - ESRIN – 11-12 December 2002
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The localisation accuracy requirement is <900m while the worst case prediction is ~75m in azimuth and between ~125m (IS1) and ~50m (IS7) in range.
APP
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Incidence Angle (deg.)
To
tal D
isp
lace
me
nt (
m)
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
-100 -50 0 50
Range Displacement (m)
Azi
mu
th D
isp
lace
me
nt (
m)
Page 25ASAR Validation Review - ESRIN – 11-12 December 2002
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Preliminary Radiometric CalibrationThe ASAR APP transponders have been used to give a preliminary radiometric calibration for swaths IS2 to IS7. As the v3.03 AP products seem to have been processed with IM nominal chirp powers, corrections have been applied to all AP radar cross-section measurements.
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Incidence Angle (deg)
AP
M C
hirp
Pow
er (
dB)
IS1
IS2
IS3
IS4
IS6
IS7
IS5
Data
Page 26ASAR Validation Review - ESRIN – 11-12 December 2002
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-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Incidence Angle (deg)
Cor
rect
ed A
PP
Rel
ativ
e R
CS
(dB
)
NLNL SatNL
• APP K for swaths IS2 to IS4 is: 57.05±0.51dB• APP K for swaths IS5 to IS7 is: 60.59±0.47dB (based on non-
saturated ASAR transponders)• Different K values due to different product scaling factors
Page 27ASAR Validation Review - ESRIN – 11-12 December 2002
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The derived APM calibration K is: 69.47±0.50dB (based on ASAR transponders with acceptable ISLR’s)
Further measurements required before definitive calibration constants can be derived
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Incidence Angle (deg)
Cor
rect
ed A
PM
Rel
ativ
e R
CS
(dB
)
Page 28ASAR Validation Review - ESRIN – 11-12 December 2002
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Noise Equivalent Radar Cross-sectionNESigma0 estimated using low radar cross-section regions (ocean, open water or lakes). This gives an upper limit to NESigma0. HV APP polarisation measurements:
-30
-28
-26
-24
-22
-20
-18
14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46Incidence Angle (degs)
AP
P H
V N
ES
igm
a0
(d
B)
Page 29ASAR Validation Review - ESRIN – 11-12 December 2002
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Summary• 10 v3.03 APP and APM IS2 to IS7 products analysed• No format problems identified but many of the APP products had
no Chirp Parameter ADSR (hence no annotated Chirp Powers)• No visualisation problems found with any post Orbit 3661 v3.03
products• APP azimuth & range resolutions, ISLR, PSLR & SSLR acceptable.
Some range under-sampling• APM Azimuth & range resolutions and ISLR acceptable. PSLR &
SSLR outside expected range due to APM under-sampling in both azimuth and at almost all ground ranges
• Acceptable APP cross-polarisation ratio• Sub-pixel AP channel co-registration
Page 30ASAR Validation Review - ESRIN – 11-12 December 2002
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• APP & APM equivalent number of looks and radiometric resolution acceptable
• APP & APM azimuth ambiguities acceptable• APP Localisation accuracy good • Preliminary calibration constants derived - more work
required before definitive K values can be calculated. • Noise equivalent radar cross-sections lower than predicted
NESigma0