ASAAdaptive Sensor Array

Environmental and MeteorologicalNetworked Smart SensorAdvanced Technology Initiative

NCAR / ATD / RTF

Presentation OutlineWhy Pursue Development?Development GOALSRoles for RTF Surface Facility with ASA3-Tier Design ConceptPreliminary SpecificationsDevelopment PlanHardware Development OverviewSoftware Design OverviewDemonstration Array Deployment for CME-04 Field Experiment

Why Pursue an Adaptive Sensor Array?Advance existing sensing capabilities for research in complex, interwoven environmental and meteorological processes.Investigate, test and evolve emerging software methods designed for mesh network topologies.Develop application algorithms suitable for use and adaptation in other ATD instrument platforms.Deploy significant-numbers of cost-effective smart sensors capable of communicating, responding, and intelligently measuring diverse processes across heterogeneous environments (more measurements, at more points).Establish cooperative research relationships with outside agencies and universities (UCLA/CENS, CSU, ..).

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Development GOALS

Augment and expand the RTF Integrated Surface Flux Facility (ISFF) with significantly extended / distributed environmental sampling coverage.Provide a rapidly deployable platform that can be configured to facilitate straightforward relocation.Provide cross-habitat / mesoscale sampling combined with fine-scale sampling.Provide Internet access to real-time data streamPermit remote access for command and control of sampling systems.Provide self-healing and self-configuring array software capable of dynamically re-routing communications with extended multi-hop peer-to-peer features.Explore, test and Incorporate promising technologies (Fuel-Cells, MEMS, Nano, Optical, etc.) as appropriate to further the over-riding need for low-power, small-scale, and overall research grade sensing products). Note: this level of effort would require a full commitment of personnel and financial resources and possibly a cooperating agency. Independent in-house development on raw low-level ultra-efficient components (such as MEMS based sensors) is unrealistic.

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Roles for RTF Surface Facility with ASASurface Energy Budget and Turbulent Flux Estimation (Historic)Test bed for evaluating and exploring the capabilities of multi-scale meteorological and environmental sensor arrays.Habitat MonitoringHydrological cycleBiogeochemical DynamicsCO2 monitoring / spatial characterization Return to Top/Outline Slide

Preliminary SpecificationsBi-Directional real-time Wireless communications.

Flexible modular design capable of incorporating in-situ, remote, and 3-4D measurements of environmental, meteorological and chemical measurements in heterogeneous environments. (Cameras, GIS, etc.)

A sensor that is both 'smart' and 'intelligent'. The 'smart' capabilities include processing, minimal calibration, connectivity, whereas the intelligent sensor will include diagnostics, predictive diagnostics, peer-to-peer communication, event response,and knowledge of past events. The design include the capability of gathering biological, chemical, physical and environmental data locally and remotely, incorporated with infrastructure knowledge for intelligent processing that includes triggering/activating internal and external devices, data rates, power management (to increase life of system), data quality, etc.

Flexible long range (wide bandwidth)/short range protocol, that will minimize cost, include reliable communications, be compatible with legacy systems, provide appropriate communication ranges, be self-organizing/self-healing, and be power efficient. (IEEE Sensor Protocol P1451.2,3and 4.)

Multi-platform modular design capable of controlling and communicating with a variety of peripheral (PDA unit, Lap top, off the shelf sensors, planes, satellites, cameras, sniffers, etc.) or third party sensor

The incorporation of the sensor intelligence to a self organizing network capable of continually connecting and re-connecting between local point and far nodes to optimise the efficiency and reliability of data including time synch and location.

The ability to respond to both infrastructure and sensed events, i.e. stack plumes, etc., via power, data rate change, data calibration, network calibration, sensor calibration, etc.

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Design Concept Return to Top/Outline Slide

Basic Node DescriptionsMicro Sensor Node

Interface between Mid Range Sensor Nodes and transducersSelf-organizing, short range networkMinimal data processing and decision making1. Analog to digital voltage conversion, and processing of raw data into sample stream2. Event processing limited to power down or up, sampling rates, time synch3. Limited configuration capabilitiesID BroadcastSpatial range : 100 m Max between nodesMid Range Sensor Node

Interface between Micro Sensors and Network NodesInterface to higher bandwidth sensors including multiple/bussed Intelligent Serial DevicesIncreased data processing and decision making1. Acquisition, time stamping and processing of raw data into sample stream2. Statistical Data Reduction3. Recognition and response to events from sensors, micro sensor nodes, local processing and network nodes 4. Local and remote configuration of attached sensors, power, data processing, and network parametersAccurate Clock and Time Synch BroadcastSpatial range : 10-15 kmNetwork Node (multiple sensing capability)

Link to outside world/internet and mid range sensorsHighest bandwidth sensing capability (Eddy Correlation flux measurements)Web services, database, camera Highest level of data processing and decision making on events1. Collective data processing and event handing of remote sensor nodes and local sensorsSpatial range : Local / Regional / GlobalReturn to Top/Outline Slide

Development Plan / Implementation TargetPhase-I New ISFF Data System (Network / Mid-Level Node)Demonstration Micro-Sensor Node ArrayDemonstrate / Investigate:Plug and Play Sensor ProtocolSelf-Organizing multi-cast communications Routing protocol optimization UCLA-CENS Directed DiffusionWireless DAQ / Time SynchronizationPower Efficient OperationsReturn to Top/Outline Slide

Development Plan / Implementation TargetPhase-IIIncorporateReal-time event driven response methods

DevelopMiddle-Level CO2-Pack NodesMiddle-Level Met-Pack Nodes (10-20km range)Install high-level processing / storage on Mid-level PC104 platform (replaces / upgrades existing ISFF-EVE DAQ)Global Satellite communications

Integrated / Interactive Data Displays for Host GISSatellite ImageryNexRAD

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Implementation Target WEB Access Gateway GIS / Sat. Imagery / NexRAD / etc.RF - L.O.S. Access...Iridium Sat. / Cell-Phone / Fiber / 802.11 RF / Hardwire Access...TsoilTsoilTsoilTleafOptional HardWire / RF.Return to Top/Outline Slide

Phase-I Hardware Development Overview: Wireless Micro-Sensor Motes Return to Top/Outline Slide

Phase-I Hardware Development Overview: New Data System for ISFF / Network NodeDAQ Board StackBarometerReturn to Top/Outline Slide

Software OverviewAll Software based on Open-Source ModelJava / C++Network / Mid-Level: Linux based for enhanced Portability and MaintainabilityMicro-Scale Level: TinyOS / NesC based (UofCa/Berkley OS / C++ like language optimized for resource constrained processors)Dynamic Reconfigurability: Network Routing / Operating Response: all levels

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Software High Level DescriptionsThis and following diagrams are intended to highlight the basic approach and underscore the modular concept of software methods designed for cross-tier utilization of Java / C++ codeReturn to Top/Outline Slide

NETWORK NODE Software MODULE DIAGRAMReturn to Top/Outline Slide

Mid-Level Sensor NODE Software MODULE DIAGRAMReturn to Top/Outline Slide

Micro-Level Sensor NODE Software MODULE DIAGRAMEVENT MANAGERCOMMUNICATION MGR CONFIGURATION MGR CONFIGURATION MGREVENT MANAGERSENSOR INTERFACE MGRASA NETWORK SOFWAREASA NETWORK SOFWARE DATA PROCESSOR DATA PROCESSOR CONCTN PARAM CONVRSN PARAM TIME PARAM DATA PARAM LOGGING PARAM HARDWARE ETC. COMM. PARAMDATA REDUCERQC CONTROL INTELLIGENCE MODULEOTHER PROCESSINGTIME(GPS)TRIGGERED INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL EVENTS HANDLED BY EVENT MANAGER INCLUDE : DATA, POWER, INFRASTRUCTURE, Mid Level CommandAnd ControlARCHIVE MEDIASENSOR SPECIFIC MODULESCOMMMGROTHERDATASAMPLEGENERATORCOMMUNICATION MGRSENSOR INTERFACE MGRSENSOR SPECIFIC MODULESRFSERIALOTHERDIGITALI/OANALOGOTHERCONFIG PARAMETERSMicro Pod DataReturn to Top/Outline Slide

Prototype Array Deployment forCarbon in the Mountains Experiment (CME)Niwot-Ridge Colorado Summer-04

CME Goals: Typify CO2 Production, Variations and Dispersion

RTF CMEContribution Details

Prototype ASA DeploymentNiwot Ridge Colorado 2004ASA Micro-Sensor Array: Soil Temp. MonitoringScientists installing Solar-Powered Wireless Micro-Sensor Node with 6 Soil Temperature ProbesMicro-Scale Array Base Receiver and Mid-Range (10-12km) Repeater / Transponder Radio.1 of 3 Towers shown in background (Willow) being installed with Medium-Scale Data Acquisition, Processing and Internet Accessible Communication System forwarding continuous data to host institution archive and display.Return to Top/Outline Slide

Mesoscale arrays Micro scale arrays Target Goal: Regional Networked Arrays Using towers above canopy for collective event detection and responseWillow-Site Micro-Mote Nodeswith tower and data acquisition system in background Pine-Site Micro-Mote unable to see Base Receiver relays its data through Mote visible in background Willow-Tower in view from Pine-Tower Pine-Site Micro-Mote Nodewith tower / dataacquisition in background 2-way communications within Micro-Scale and between Meso-Scale Array Nodes Willow Pine Aspen