asa gi update - final pics removed mar 4, 2017€¦ · 170304 2 ppis’#’the’bad’ outcome...

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170304 1 From Gums to Bums GI Update for Primary Care Mike Kolber MD, CCFP, MSc ASA March 2017 Conflict of Interest Academic Family Physician with clinical work in Peace River, Alberta RelaMonships with commercial interests: None. No funding from industry, no grants or speakers honoraria or consulMng fees Supported by University of Alberta department of Family Medicine and ACFP On the Menu PPIs: “the good, the bad, the labs, the costly” CAN H. Pylori guideline: “Evidence, who needs evidence” What the $%#* is a FODMAP diet…but will it get my IBS paMent out of my office? PancreaMc cancer: moving up the mortality ladder 5 ways to improve consMpaMon management Without eaMng “super colon blow cereal” Lab tests in GI: Fecal calprotecMn, ATTG, FIT Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) The Good The Bad The Labs and… The Costly PPIs the Good: They work! Disease Outcome NNT vs Placebo NNT vs H2ANT UninvesMgated GERD Symptoms 2 4 Erosive EsophagiMs Healing or symptoms 2 4 Endoscopic NegaMve Reflux Disease Symptoms 4 8 1’ prevenMon pepMc ulcers in NSAID users PepMc ulcers (endoscopic) 49 No evidence 2’ prevenMon PUD Recurrent PUD HPE > PPI 8 Non ulcer dyspepsia Symptoms 10 NSS Rxfiles 2015: accessed Jan 2017 HPE = Helicobactor pylori eradicaMon How many Canadians take PPIs? 27 million Rxs 2013, 18% adults (CIHI 2016) All PPIs in top 50 in Canada: Panto #4, Rabrep #26, Eso #27, Lans #29, Omep #50 50% may not have appropriate indicaMon 40% admined to medicine ward LT care 3 : 27% demenMa 18% last week of life! Asthma, cough, atypical ENT symptoms: does not work! 4,5 hnp://www.canadianhealthcarenetwork.ca/pharmacists/news/specialreports/top100 drugs19660/4 BMJ 2008;336:2, 2 Ann Pharmaco 2006;40:1261, 3 J Am Geriatr Soc 2010: 58; 880, 4 NEJM 2009;360:1487, 5 Chest 2005; 128:1128, 6 Dig Dis Sci (2015) 60:2280 CMAJ 2015. DOI:10.1503

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Page 1: ASA GI Update - FINAL Pics removed Mar 4, 2017€¦ · 170304 2 PPIs’#’The’Bad’ Outcome Paents/Outcome StudyType& Results& Diarhea’ All’cause’ RCT’ 38% CDAD Community’

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From  Gums  to  Bums  GI  Update  for  Primary  Care  Mike  Kolber  MD,  CCFP,  MSc  

ASA  March  2017  

Conflict  of  Interest  

•  Academic  Family  Physician  with  clinical  work  in  Peace  River,  Alberta  

•  RelaMonships  with  commercial  interests:  None.    – No  funding  from  industry,  no  grants  or  speakers  honoraria  or  consulMng  fees  

•  Supported  by  University  of  Alberta  department  of  Family  Medicine  and  ACFP    

On  the  Menu  

•  PPIs:  “the  good,  the  bad,  the  labs,  the  costly”  •  CAN  H.  Pylori  guideline:  “Evidence,  who  needs  evidence”  

•  What  the  $%#*  is  a  FODMAP  diet…but  will  it  get  my  IBS  paMent  out  of  my  office?  

•  PancreaMc  cancer:  moving  up  the  mortality  ladder  •  5  ways  to  improve  consMpaMon  management  – Without  eaMng  “super  colon  blow  cereal”  

•  Lab  tests  in  GI:  Fecal  calprotecMn,  ATTG,  FIT    

Proton  Pump  Inhibitors  (PPIs)  The  Good  The  Bad  The  Labs  and…  The  Costly  

PPIs  the  Good:  They  work!  

Disease   Outcome   NNT  vs  Placebo  

NNT  vs  H2ANT  

UninvesMgated  GERD   Symptoms   2   4  Erosive  EsophagiMs   Healing  or  

symptoms  2   4  

Endoscopic  NegaMve  Reflux  Disease  

Symptoms   4   8  

1’  prevenMon  pepMc  ulcers  in  NSAID  users  

PepMc  ulcers  (endoscopic)  

4-­‐9   No  evidence  

2’  prevenMon  PUD   Recurrent  PUD   HPE  >  PPI   8  Non  ulcer  dyspepsia   Symptoms   10   NSS  

Rxfiles  2015:  accessed  Jan  2017   HPE  =  Helicobactor  pylori  eradicaMon  

How  many  Canadians  take  PPIs?  •  27  million  Rxs  2013,  18%  adults  (CIHI  2016)    •  All  PPIs  in  top  50  in  Canada:  Panto  #4,  Rabrep  #26,  Eso  #27,  Lans  #29,  Omep  #50  

•  50%  may  not  have  appropriate  indicaMon  – 40%  admined  to  medicine  ward  –  LT  care3:  27%  demenMa  -­‐  18%  last  week  of  life!  –  Asthma,  cough,  atypical  ENT  symptoms:  does  not  work!4,5  

hnp://www.canadianhealthcarenetwork.ca/pharmacists/news/special-­‐reports/top-­‐100-­‐drugs-­‐19660/4  BMJ  2008;336:2,  2Ann  Pharmaco  2006;40:1261,  3J  Am  Geriatr  Soc  2010:  58;  880,  4NEJM  2009;360:1487,  5Chest  2005;  128:1128,  6Dig  Dis  Sci  (2015)  60:2280  CMAJ  2015.  DOI:10.1503  

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PPIs  -­‐  The  Bad  Outcome    Pa=ents  /  Outcome     Study  Type   Results  

Diarhea   All  cause   RCT   3-­‐8%  

CDAD   Community   Cohort   1/10,000  à  2/10,000  

CDAD   Inpa=ents  +  Abx   Cohort   8-­‐10%  

CDAD   Recurrent   Cohort   ~7%  ARI  (20  !27%)  in  3m  

CAP  (pneumonia)   All   Cohort     1%  ARI  per  year  

CAP  (pneumonia)   Recurrent   Cohort   4%  ARI  (8-­‐12%)    in  5  years  

OsteoporoMc  #   Women   Cohort   NNH  2000  for  1  addiMonal  #  over  8  years  

Plavix    plus  PPI   CVD  paMents   Cohort   ↑  recurrent  CVE  

Plavix  plus  PPI   CVD  pa=ents     RCT   No  difference  CVE  

Please  see  handout  for  references  

Are  PPI  associated  Adverse  Events  due  to  residual  confounding?  

J  Gen  Intern  Med  2012;  28(2):223–30    

PPI  –  the  labs  •  VB12:1    – Case-­‐control:  Kaiser:  (25K  cases,  180k  controls)1:  Odds  VB12  deficiency:  ~1.65  PPI  

– Baseline  B12  deficiency  >65  yo:  10%  à16%    

•  Magnesium:2-­‐5    – case  control,  cohort,  re-­‐challenge    – SR:  9  heterogneous  studies;  27%  vs  18%  in~5  years  – Especially  if  taking  diureMcs  

Long  term  PPIs  and  >  65  yo  !  check  Vb12  Long  term  PPIs  and  on  diure=cs  !  check  Mg  

1JAMA.  2013;310(22):2435  2Aliment  Pharmacol  Ther  2012;  36:  405,  3Am  J  Kidney  Dis.  66(5):775                  4PLoS  ONE  2015;  9(11):  e112558.  5Expert  Opin.  Drug  Saf.  2013;  12(5):709    

PPIs  the  Costly  

•  27  million  Rxs  2013  •  2012:  Esomeprazole  +  Apo  PPIs  =  $380  million    

•  Switch  à  Rabeprazole  =  save  $227  million  /year    

www.canadianhealthcarenetwork.ca/pharmacists/news/special-­‐reports/top-­‐100-­‐drugs-­‐19660/4  Price  Comparison  of  Commonly  Prescribed  PharmaceuKcals  in  Alberta  2017  

Alberta  Blue  Cross  2017    Maximal  Allowable  Costs  

Can  paMents  stop  PPIs?  

•  Yes  ~25%  successfully  dc1,3  •  Predictors  of  success:  older  paMents,  dyspepsia2  – Less  successful:  GERD  

   

1Aliment  Pharm  2006  ;24:  945  2Am  J  Gastro  2009;  104:S27,    3Family  PracKce,  2014;    31:  (6):  625,  Quality  Primary  Care  2012;  20:  141  ,  J  PRIM  HEALTH  CARE  2016;8(2):164,  AP&T2004;  19:  917    

Study   Pa=ents   Recruitment   Interven=on   Propor=on  successful  DC  

Bjornsson1  2006  

97                                    (mostly  GERD)  

Pharmacy  survey  

Gastroscopy  (normal)  

27%  @  1  year  

Krol  20046   113  dyspepsia   GPs  EMR   GP  lener   13%  @  5  months  

Murie  20124  

166  NUD,  GERD   GP  EMR   HP  tx,  educate,    self  tx  plan,      

34%    @  1  year  

Walsh  20165  

46  mostly  GERD     EMR  pre-­‐PHE   Reminder  /    tool  for  GP  

26%    @  10  weeks  

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Taper  PPIs  

↑interval  between  doses  (ex  q  2  days  x  2-­‐4  weeks),  then  DC    

www.rxfiles.ca  

PPI  Teaching  Points  

•  Good:  PPIs  work:  3-­‐6-­‐9  GERD  rule  •  Bad:  PPIs  associated  with  potenMal  AEs:    – C  Diff:  Hospital  admit,  needs  Abx  à  try  to  stop  PPI  – C  Diff  or  Pneumonia:  stop  PPI  (↓recurrence)  

•  Labs:  Long  term  PPIs:  check  VB12,  Magnesium  •  Costly:  MAC  /LCA  •  Stopping  PPIs:  25%  successful  –  taper  then  DC  

How  to  choose  Hp  treatment?  

•  EffecMveness:  – determined  by  macrolide  resistance  (<  20%  ok)  •  Avoid  macrolide  if  recent  use  

– 80%  success  was  previous  standard  •  Keep  it  Simple:  improves  adherence  •  Cost:  double  length  of  therapy  =  double  cost  

TFP  2011,  2015  Bugs  and  Drugs  2012  

Network  MA  BMJ  2015  Therapy   Eradica=on  (%)   Adverse  events  (%)   #  Pills                  

Triple  therapy  7d   73%  (71-­‐75)   21%  (18-­‐26)   56  (7d)  

Triple  therapy  10-­‐14  day*   81%  (78-­‐84)   24%  (18-­‐29)     112  (14  d)  

SequenMal  10  days   87%  (85-­‐90)   22%  (17  -­‐27)   70  (10d)  

CLAMET  7  days**   94%  (89-­‐98)   26%  (10-­‐48)   168  (14  d)  

Quadruple:  10  -­‐  14  days   85%  (82-­‐89)   23%  (17  -­‐30)   336  (14  d)  

BMJ  2015;351:h4052,  Cochrane  2013,  Issue  12.  Art.  No.:  CD008337,  World  J  Gastro  Pharmacol  Ther  2012;  6;  3(1):  1-­‐6        

**CLAMET:  based  on  1  low  quality  study  of  119  Japanese  paMents:  Clarithro  resistance  >  20%,  no  studies  directly  comparing  10  or  14  days  to  7  days  TT  

*Cochrane  Review:  10-­‐14  vs  7  day  TT  ~10%  AR  Increase  eradicaMon  

Canadian  Hp  EradicaMon  Rates  

•  17  trials  of  CAN  paMents:  diff  tx  lengths  •  EradicaMon:  – Triple  (PAC):      84%  (79-­‐90)  – Triple  (PMC):    82%  (76-­‐88)  – Quadruple:        87%  (80-­‐95)  

•  If  >75%  of  meds  taken:  – QT∼TT  (91-­‐94%)  

             

Rogers,  Can  J.  Gastro  2007;  21(5):  295  

2016  Canadian  HP  Guidelines  *14  days  Treatment*  

•  1st  line:  CLAMET:  PPI,  Clarithro,  Amoxil,  Metro  •  2nd  line:  QUAD:  PPI,  bismuth,  Tetra,  Metro  •  3rd  line:  LEVOQUIN:  PPI,  amoxil,  Levoquin  •  Removed:  triple  and  sequenMal  therapy!  

Gastroenterology  2016;151:51–69  

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2016  HP  Guidelines  (and  Evidence)  •  14/15  statements:  strongly  recommend  doing    X”  •  14  /15  statements:  supported  by  very  low  or  low  quality  evidence  

•  Discussion:  “The  lack  of  availability  of  data  on  local  suscepKbility  paYerns  and  eradicaKon  success  rates  was  idenKfied  as  a  knowledge  gap  that  has  a  major  impact  on  the  choice  of  therapy  and  hence  best  management.”    

Gastroenterology  2016;151:51–69      

TOP  2016  HP  Guidelines  

Teaching  Point:  If  fail  HP  eradicaMon  à  use  different  regimen  

HP  2017  Summary  

•  In  Canada:  unMl  local  resistance  known…no  need  to  change  HP  regimens  – TT:  10-­‐14  days  ~80%  success  (7d  =  70%)    – Sequen=al  10  days:  ~90%  success  – Quadruple  Therapy  x  14  days  =  336  pills!  

•  If  fail  one  treatment:  use  a  different  regimen    

Kolber  personal  communicaMon  2016,    TOP  HP  guidelines  2016  

What  the  $%&#  is  a  FODMAP  DIET    (and  what  is  the  evidence)?  

Fermentable  oligo-­‐,  di-­‐,  monosaccharides,  and  polyols  [FODMAPs]  

4  FODMAP  RCTs  Highest  quality  RCT:  6-­‐week,  open-­‐label,  123  Danish  IBS  paMents,  specialist  care.  •  500-­‐point  symptom  scale  (MCID  =  50):  LFD  improved  ~150  points,  probioMc~80,  normal  diet~30  points.  – More  LFD  paMents  (14  vs  8%)  withdrew:  difficulty  w  diet.  –  Issues:  ++  invesMgaMons:  colonoscopy,  geneMc  tesMng  for  lactase  deficiency,  per-­‐protocol  analysis  

3  other  RCTs:  small  numbers  (one  =  2  days!),  authors  have  financial  COI    

World  J  Gastroenterol.  2014;  20(43):  1621  Gastroenterology  2014;146:  67,  J.  Nutr  2012:  142:  151    J  Gastro  Hepatol.  2010;  25:  1366  

FODMAP  diet  for  IBS  

•  TFP  142:  “Low  FODMAP  diet  may  improve  symptoms  for  pa=ents  with  primarily  diarrhea  subtype  IBS.  However,  most  studies  were  low  quality  (small  #s,  short  dura=on)”  

•  More  high  quality  studies  are  needed.    

TFP  #142,  2015,  Hacken,  Can  Fam  Phys  2015,  691  

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Meta-­‐Analysis  FODMAP  diets  “More  research  required  to  establish  long  term  efficacy1”  

“LFD  is  efficacious  in  treaMng  funcMonal  GI    symptoms2”      

1Aliment  Pharmacol  Ther  2015;  41:  1256,  2Eur  J  Nutr    2015;  DOI  10.1007    

FODMAP  diet  Summary  

•  May  improve  symptoms  in  diarrhea  predominant  IBS  paMents  

•  Healthy  SkepMcism:  possibly  try  n  of  1  trial  

FODMAP  Diet  

Reduce:  diet  pops  (arMficial  sweeteners)  ,  wheat,  dairy  and  FARTY  FOODS  (cabbage,  onions,  beans)  

hnps://  stanfordhealthcare.org/content/dam/SHC/for-­‐paMents-­‐component/programs-­‐  services/clinical-­‐nutriMon-­‐services/docs/pdf-­‐lowfodmapdiet.pdf.      

PancreaMc  Cancer  “We  Are  #4”  

Canadian  Cancer  Stats  2016  

5  Things  to  do  for  ConsMpaMon   1.  Hold  the  Colace!  •  5.6  million  Rx  2015:  BC,  ONT,  NB,  PEI  (provinces  that  cover)  TFP  2016:  Docusate  appears  similar  to  placebo  in  increasing  stool  frequency  and  is  inferior  to  other  products  for  trea?ng…cons?pa?on.  •  ‘Best’  RCTS:  

–  74  PalliaMve  pts:  senna  +  docusate  or  placebo  à  No  diff  in  BM  or  sx  in  10  days  –  74  hospitalized  paMents:  cross-­‐over  RCT  docusate  or  placebo:  over  30  days    –  Docusate  ↑  BMs  by  ~  1  /  week  (LimitaMons:  26%  LTFU,  study  1960s)  

•  Other  RCTs:  comatose  paMents,  poor  quality,  unblinded  •  Post-­‐op  paMents:  Senna  +  docusate  vs:  

–  Placebo:  1st  BM  ~1  day  sooner  –  likely  due  to  senna.    –  PEG:  1st  BM  1-­‐2  days  sooner  with  PEG.  

 TFP  #161  April  25,  2016.  CADTH  2014  Dioctyl  Sulfosuccinate  or  Docusate  (Calcium  or  Sodium)  for  the  PrevenMon  or  Management  of  ConsMpaMon:        

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2.  Use  Osmo=c  Agents  (PEG)  •  In  adult  and  pediatric  paKents  with  chronic  consKpaKon,  PEG  is  more  effecKve  than  other  agents.  Compared  to  placebo,  it  relieves  consKpaKon  in  one  in  every  2-­‐3  paKents  and  adds  1-­‐3  BMs  per  week  

•  PEG  vs  lactulose:  ↑  stool  frequency  and  ↓  intervenMons  (especially  in  peds)  

•  StarMng  Doses:    – Adults:  17  grams  daily  –  Peds:  0.6  grams/kg/day  (or  5-­‐12  grams/day)    

 TFP  #45  2011,  updated  2015,  Am  J  Gastro  2007;102:1436  2Gut  2011;  60:  209  Cochrane  2010  CD007570,  2Arch  Dis  Child  2009;94:156,  Cochrane  2012,  CD009118  

3.  Consider  a  clean  out  •  1-­‐2  litres  x  2-­‐4  days    

Evidence  Free  Zone  

4.  Ok  to  Use  s=mulants    

Ford,  Gut  2011;60:209      

Global  symptom  improvement:  NNT  =  3  

Do  SMmulants  lead  to  Dependence  or  GI  nerve  abnormaliMes?  

•  1968:  refractory  consMpaMon  surgery  =  altered  myenteric  plexus  –  conclude  due  to  senna1  

•  Chronic  laxaMve  users  (18Xs  recommended)  – Colonic  biopsy  =  altered  myenteric  plexus  

•  AssociaMon  vs  causaMon?    

Gut  1968;9:139,  2Am  J  Gastro  2005;100:232  

5.  Don’t  use  new  medica=ons  Prucalopride  or  Linaclo=de  

•  PRU:  middle  aged  ♀who  BM  ~  q  2  weeks  – ↑  weekly  BMs:  0.5  à  1  (placebo)à  2  (PRU)1-­‐3  

•  PEG  vs  PRU:4  PEG  ↑effecMve,  PRU  AEs  ↑  

•  SystemaMc  Reviews:    – Unfunded:5  “no  evidence  that  effecKve”  –  Industry  affiliated:6  “efficacy  on  paKent-­‐important  outcomes  and  a  favourable  safety  profile  support  the  use  highly  selecKve  5–HT4  agonists”    

1NEJM  2008;  358;22:  2344;  2Alim  Phar  Ther  2009;  29:  315,3Gut  2009;58:357  4Aliment  Pharm  Ther  2013;  37:  876,  5Health  Tech  Assess  2011  DOI:  10.3310  6Aliment  Pharm  Ther  2014;  39:  239  

Prucolapride  (Restoran)  Safety  ...Fool  me  once,  shame  on  you  …Fool  me  twice  shame  on  me!  •  5-­‐HT3  AGO:  Alostron  (Lotronex):  Ischemic  coliMs  •  5-­‐HT4  AGO:  Cisapride  (Prepulsid),  Tegaserod  (Zelnorm):  CV  events  

 

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ComparaMve  Shopping  Price  per  Poop  

•  Bisacodyl:  10  mg  od      =  $10  /month      =  $0.65  /poop  •  Lactulose*:  15ml  qd    =  $12  /month      =  $1.00  /poop  •  PEG  3350:  17g  qd      =  $20  /month    =  $1.70  /poop  •  Linaclo=de:  145ug  qd  =  $120  /month  =  $10  /poop  •  Prucalopride:  2mg  qd      =  $125  /  month    =  $30  /poop  •  Methylnaltrexone  (Relistor)          =  $55  /  inj  

 *covered  by  Alberta  Blue  Cross  

GI  Labs  2017  

•  Fecal  calprotecMn  •  ATTG  •  FIT    

Fecal  CalprotecMn  (adults)  

•  Evidence  limited;  small  studies,  mostly  terMary  care,  in  known  (or  high  prevalence)  IBD  paMents*  

•  If  <  50:  LR-­‐  =  <0.1  à  helps  rule  out  IBD  •  If  >  50  LR+  =  7-­‐15  à  helps  rule  in  IBD  – EsMmate:  if  >250:  LRs  >10  –  If  50-­‐250:  LRs:  ~2-­‐5    

BMJ  2010;341:c3369,  Health  Technol  Assess  2013;17(55)  

*Needs  Alberta  primary  care  study  

ATTG  •  250  /  day  in  N.  Alberta:  2-­‐3%  posiMve  – Don’t  need  to  order  IGA:  EDM  /  NZ  

PEIP  2016  Higgins,  Am  J  Gastro  2013;  108:656  

65 y.o. minimally traumatic ankle #, myalgias, ↓ calcium, Vb12 and coagulopathy  

Likelihood  RaMos:  ATTG  Belgium  

Clinica  Chimica  Acta  2010;  411:  13,  Am  J  Gastro  2013;  108:656    

False  POS:  (serology  +,  biopsy  -­‐):  patchy  disease,  pathologist  misclassificaMon  False  NEG:  (serology  -­‐,  biopsy  +):  GFD  prior  to  tesMng,  IGA  deficiency  

*Needs  Alberta  primary  care  study  

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AnMcipated  findings:  FIT  +    

Spanish  RCT:  FIT  vs  colon:  55K  pts,  50-­‐69  yo  average  risk1    •  75ng/ml  cutoff  (same  as  AB)  à  7.2%+  •  CRC  =  1/180  colon,  1/18  FIT+  BC  cohort:  50-­‐74  yo,  2  FITs  q  2  years2:  1555  colons  •  8.6%+,  1/20  FIT+  =  CRC,  8  FIT-­‐  had  CRC  @  2.5  years  •  3  perforaMons,  6  bleeds  Calgary  cohort3:  10k  average  risk,  4k  FIT  colons  •  ADR:  FIT+  =60%,  Average  risk  screen  =30%  AFPEE  cohort:  422  FIT  +  colons:  summer  2017    

  1NEJM  2012;366:697,  2CMAJ  Open  2016.  DOI:10.9778,    3Am  J  Gastro  2016  advance  online  publicaMon  doi:10.1038  

Summary  

•  PPIs:  the  good,  the  bad,  the  labs  (VB12,  Mg)  and  the  costly  

•  HP  eradicaMon:  SequenMal  x  10,  Triple  x  14  – Use  different  regimen  if  fail  eradicaMon  

•  PancreaMc  cancer:  “It’s  #4”  •  ConsMpaMon:  no  colace,  use  osmoMcs  +/-­‐  sMmulants,  try  clean  out,  don’t  use  new  meds  

•  Labs:  fecal  cal,  ATTG,  FIT,  CRP    

QuesMons  

•  [email protected]