as soon as you begin to exercise your muscle cells increase their demands for oxygen (o 2 ). as...

As soon as you begin to exercise your muscle cells increase their demands for oxygen (O2). As exercise continues there is also an increased need to remove wastes such as carbon dioxide(CO2) and lactic acid.Immediately, your heart will beat faster and your breathing rate will increase to try and meet this demand.

PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO EXERCISE

Immediate responses to exercise


Response

Heart rate

Describe what happens

Increase in the volume of blood pumped with each contraction

Explain why it happens

Muscles need more oxygen to contract so more blood needs to travel to the muscles. Also more CO2 and lactic acid need to be removed



Response

Stroke volume

(the amount of blood pumped by heart per beat)


Increase in the amount of blood pumped from the heart per beat





Response

Cardiac Output

(CO = SV X HR)


Increase in the amount of blood pumped from the heart each minute





Response

Blood to muscles


Increase in the number of beats per minute





Response

Blood pressure


Increases slightly. More blood gets to the muscles


The pressure of blood in the aorta rises due to more blood being pumped with each heartbeat

(like turning the tap up)



Response

Respiration rate

(The no. of breathes you take per minute)


Increase in the number of breathes taken per minute


Muscles need more oxygen to contract so more air containing oxygen is breathed in . More CO2 needs to be exhaled.



Response

Oxygen uptake

(amount of oxygen muscles can take up and use in 1 minute)


Increase. More oxygen is absorbed into the blood in the lungs


Muscles need more oxygen to contract so more oxygen needs to get into the blood to supply the muscles



Response

Breathe deeper


Rib cage expands and lungs fill up with more air


Muscles need more O2 so more air is needed in lungs



Response

Body Temperature


Working muscles produce heat


Blood transports heat to all parts of the body which causes the body to heat up



Response

Sweat


Skin gets wet


Prevents overheating. Condensation forms on the skin cooling the blood close to the skin surface. Also H2O excreted from muscles

In the long term the training effect on your cardio-respiratory system means that working muscles get a better oxygen delivery service which, in turn, means that you have the capacity to perform better aerobically .


Long term responses to exercise


Response

Blood volume


Increase in the amount of blood in the body


Muscles need more oxygen for contraction so more blood means more oxygen will get to the muscles



Response

Size of the heart


Increase in the size of the heart


The heart works harder to pump blood so atrophy occurs (it develops more muscle fibres)



Response

Heart strength


The heart gets stronger


The heart increases muscle fibres so gets stronger and so pumps more blood with each beat



Response

Oxygen carrying capacity of the blood


More blood and more red blood

cells are produced


More red blood cells can carry more

oxygen to the muscles



Response

Heart rate at rest


Decrease in heart rate at rest


The heart is stronger and able to pump more blood per beat, more red blood cells carry more O2, O2 uptake is increased so the heart does not have to beat so fast to get required O2 to the muscles.



Response

Ability of lungs to distribute oxygen


More oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream through

the lungs


The lungs take in more air, more capillaries develop in the lungs and so more O2 and CO2 are

exchanged



Response

Number of blood vessels


Increase in number of blood vessels


More blood vessels are produced to cope with demands of more blood and O2 needed by the muscles to contract. As muscles get bigger more blood vessels are produced.



Response

Muscle size


Increase (hypertrophy) in muscle size


More muscle fibres grow and an increase in the size of the fibres



Response

Muscle strength


Increase in muscle strength


More muscle fibres grow and an increase in the size of the fibres which in turn gives the muscle more strength

Identify and describe a long term response that occurs from completing a Running training programme.Explain how this response could improve you playing the game

Response identified

Heart rate at rest


Decrease in heart rate at rest


The heart is stronger and able to pump more blood per beat, more red blood cells carry more O2, O2 uptake is increased so the heart does not have to beat so fast to get required O2 to the muscles.

Explain how response improves you playing the game

I will be able to keep running without getting tired as my heart has adapted to increased workloads

Anaerobic threshold

Having a high anaerobic threshold will benefit an endurance athlete or athlete who uses explosive movements? Explain why.

LABORATORY

To measure and observe some of the changes which take place in the body during exercise

as soon as you begin to exercise your muscle cells increase their demands for oxygen (o 2 ). as...

Documents

exercise slide

physiological response

exercise response respiration

oxygen muscles

muscles slide

exercise response heart

blood needs

immediate responses