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TRANSCRIPT
This document is made available electronically by the Minnesota Legislative Reference Library as part of an ongoing digital archiving project. http://www.leg.state.mn.us/lrl/lrl.asp
Governor Dayton’s Priorities
Getting Minnesota Working Again
2
Create jobs and
improve
Minnesota’s
competitiveness
Improve how state
government works
to deliver the best
services at the best
price
Make Minnesota’s
tax system more
fair
TA X R E F O R M
Governor’s Priority #1 Governor’s Priority #2 Governor’s Priority #3
2,500
2,550
2,600
2,650
2,700
2,750
2,800
Payro
ll J
ob
s (0
00
s)
Minnesota Employment by Month
Source: CES Employment, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
2,624,000
2,655,000
2,780,000
2,703,000
The number of jobs matter
+4.7%
+3.1%
3
-5.6%
As of May 2012, state unemployment was down 77,000 jobs
from the 2008 high, up 79,000 jobs from the 2009 low.
4.7% 5%
23%
92%
-5.7% -9% -17%
-46% -60%
-40%
-20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Changing number of jobs drives big swings in state revenue
Swing from Trough to Peak
Swing from Peak to 2010
Jobs matter to the state budget
Number
of Jobs Sales Tax
Income Tax
Corporate Tax
Tax revenue by fiscal year. Sales tax includes General Fund only and excludes motor vehicle sales tax.
4
Taxes tell part of the story…
5
7%
8%
9%
10%
11%
12%
13%
1957 1962 1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007
State and local tax revenue as a
percent of personal income
Minnesota collected tax revenues at or above the
national average for 45 years through 2002 but below
the national average seven of the last eight years.
2010
MN
U.S.
Average
6
Above U.S. Average
Below
U.S.
Average
…But taxes don’t tell the
whole story
7
26 25
17 16 15
10
7
14
10
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Minnesota per-capita income rank among 50 states
Minnesota has gone from 26th in per-capita income
in 1950 to 10th in 2010 (and reaching as high as 7th
in 2004). Our per-capita income in 1956 was 91% of
the national average; 107% in 2010 (109% in 2004).
2004
8
Take a closer look…
9
61% 53% 49% 46%
39% 36% 33%
39% 47% 51% 54%
61% 64% 67%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Consumers are spending more as a
share of their income on services, less on goods
Consumer Goods Consumer Services
Source: U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
10
-$17
-$54
-$149
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
2000 2004 2011
Estimated annual lost tax revenue
from consumer e-commerce sales M
illi
on
s o
f d
oll
ars
Losses grew by 800%
in just 11 years!
11
2011 total loss = $400 m
E-commerce $149 m
Catalogs $ 55 m
Remote seller $190 m
Is our current tax system
competitive?
…No? The Small Business and Entrepreneurship Council says Minnesota is among the 10 worst tax systems largely due to high statutory rates (not effective rates).2
…Yes? Ernst and Young says Minnesota is among the top ten states with the lowest effective tax rates on new investment.1
• Single sales apportionment factor
• Personal property exemption
• Capital equipment exemption
• R&D tax credit 1. Competitiveness of State and Local Business Taxes on New Investment, Ernst and Young, April, 2011
2. Small Business & Entrepreneurship Council’s Business Tax Index 2011 12
6% 8% -1%
9%
58%
142%
118%
-20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
140%
160%
20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+
Percent change in age groups, 2007 - 2035
- Total population increase by 2035: 1.2 million
- 850,000 more age 60 and over
- Only 60,000 more ages 35-59
13
Demographic change is coming
Source: Minnesota State Demographer
$285
$1,198
$2,155
$2,862 $3,056
$2,124
$1,649 $1,571
$0
$500
$1,000
$1,500
$2,000
$2,500
$3,000
$3,500
0 to 25 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 to 74 75 to 84 85+
2007 average income taxes paid per MN taxpayer by age
Demographics impact income tax revenue
Tax revenue
declines 40-50%
after retirement.
14
Who pays?
15
-2%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
$10-16 $16-24 $24-32 $32-41 $41-53 $53-69 $69-90 $90-130 > $130 > $183
(Top 5%)
> $429
(Top 1%)
Cumulative state & local tax burden by population decile (2008)
Perc
en
t o
f In
co
me P
aid
to
Taxes
Our S&L effective tax rate includes regressive taxes and the progressive income tax
12.3%
10% 9.7%
Sources: Minnesota Tax Incidence Study 2011 (Tax Year 2008), MN Dept. of Revenue. (Annual income amounts rounded.)
16
MN income tax Property taxes State & local sales taxes Other taxes
Annual Household Income ($ Thousands)
Taxes as percent of income are 16.6%
less for the top 10% compared to the
rest of Minnesotans.
10.3%
While income is increasingly
concentrated at the top…
17
Growing income disparity Top 10% now has 50% share of income (U.S.)
39%
49%
45%
33% 33%
48%
44%
50%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
1917 1927 1937 1947 1957 1967 1977 1987 1997 2007
In 2007, top decile includes all U.S. families with annual income above $109,600. Sources: Piketty & Saez (2003), series updated to 2007, Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. XLIX (Mar -11)
18
The tax burden is being
shifted to those with the
least ability to pay
19
20
-1.5%
-3.1% -3.8%
-6.4%
-15.7%
-12.7%
-8.2%
-10.4%
-18.6%
-16.6%
-20%
-18%
-16%
-14%
-12%
-10%
-8%
-6%
-4%
-2%
0%
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
As a percent of income, the top 10 percent pay
less than the rest of Minnesotans
(and increasingly so!)
Over time, the mix of taxes
in Minnesota has become
unbalanced
21
The three legged stool
Income Tax
33%
Sales Tax
33%
Property Tax
33% Income Tax
33%
Sales Tax
27% Property Tax
40%
2010 “Balanced”
22
Our tax system is becoming
more complex
23
More forms
6
8 9
14 15
18
1987 1988 1995 2000 2005 2010
1987: M1, M1CD, M1CR, M1LS, M1MT, M15
2010: M1, M1CD, M1CR, M1LS, M1MT, M15
M1B, M1C, M1ED, M1H, M1LTI, M1M,
M1MTC, M1R, M1W, M1WFC, JOBZ, ETP
Number of possible forms for a resident’s initial return
24
2010 Income Tax Calculation
Start with: Federal taxable income
Add: Itemized deduction for state income taxes
Non-Minnesota state and municipal bond interest
80% of bonus depreciation taken federally
80% of increased federal Section 179 expensing taken federally
Federal deduction for domestic production activities
Additional federal standard deduction for real estate taxes or motor vehicle sales tax
Expenses deducted federally on income not taxed by Minnesota
Federally-exempt subsidy to employers with prescription drug coverage for their retirees
Fines, fees, and penalties deducted federally as a trade or business expense
Federally-exempt suspended losses generated by bonus depreciation
Federally-exempt discharge of indebtedness
Capital gain portion of a lump-sum distribution
Net operating loss carryover adjustment for 2010
Subtract: State income tax refund (if itemized in 2009)
U.S. bond interest
Dependent K-12 education expenses
50% of charitable contributions over $500 for non-itemizers
20% of 2004-2009 addition for bonus depreciation
20% of 2006-2009 addition for 179 expensing
Income of the elderly or disabled (limited)
Railroad retirement income
For American Indians, income earned on a reservation while living on the reservation
Federal active duty military pay taxed federally (nonresidents)
Federal active duty military pay taxed federally (residents)
National Guard pay for service in Minnesota
Organ donor expenses
Income taxes paid to a subnational level of a foreign country other than Canada
JOBZ business and investment income
Gain from the sale of farm property by an insolvent farmer
Post-service education award from AmeriCorps
Net operating loss carryover adjustment from 2008 and 2009
Prior add-back of reacquisition of business indebtedness
Equals: Minnesota taxable income
Subtract: Non-refundable tax credits
Marriage credit
Credit for income taxes paid to another state
Credit for long-term care insurance premiums
Credit for past military service
Credit for nonresident partners on taxes paid to home state
Employer transit pass credit
Credit for new participants in a Section 125 employer health insurance plan
Alternative minimum tax credit
SEED capital investment credit
Refundable Tax Credits
Child and dependent care credit
Minnesota working family credit
K-12 education credit
Research credit
Angel investment credit
Historic rehabilitation credit
JOBZ jobs credit
Credit for tuberculosis testing in cattle
Enterprise zone credit
Credit for military service in a combat zone (administered off-form)
1987 Income Tax Calculation
Start with: Federal taxable income
Add: Itemized deduction for state income taxes
State and municipal bond interest
Capital gain portion of lump-sum distribution
Subtract: State income tax refund
U.S. Bond interest
Dependent K-12 education expenses
Equals: Minnesota taxable income
Subtract: Non-refundable tax credits
Credit for income taxes paid to another state
Credit for the elderly or disabled
Refundable tax credits
Child and dependent care credit
For the Individual
Income Tax, the
number of
adjustments and
credits has risen
from 9 to 50!
25
1913 1933 1953 1973 1993 2011
More fair or just more complicated?
37
55
6
11
19
26
Expanding number of
property classes and tiers
So you want agricultural homestead?
27
Tax expenditures:
Minnesota’s hidden spending
28
“Swiss cheese” tax policy?
Smaller block,
not as many holes
Bigger block,
lots of holes
29
Income Tax Federal Exclusions: Lodging - Housing Allowances for Ministers - Employer-Provided Dependent Care - Employee Awards - Employer Pension Plans - Contributions by Employers for Medical Insurance Premiums and Medical Care - Employer-Paid Accident and Disability Premiums - Employer-Paid Group Term - Life Insurance Premiums - Employer-Paid Transportation Benefits - Cafeteria Plans - Employer-Provided Adoption Assistance - Employer-Provided Education Assistance - Miscellaneous Employee Fringe Benefits - Income Earned Abroad by U.S. Citizens and Foreign Housing Costs - Certain Allowances for Federal Employees Abroad Benefits and Allowances to Armed Forces Personnel - Medical Care and Tricare Medical Insurance for Military Dependents and Retirees Veterans’ Benefits Military Disability Pensions - Workers’ Compensation Benefits - Special Benefits For Disabled Coal Miners - Social Security Benefits - Medicare Benefits - Foster Care Payments - Public Assistance - Scholarship and Fellowship Income - Education Savings Accounts - Qualified Tuition Plans - Certain Agricultural Cost-Sharing Payments - Discharge of Indebtedness Income for Certain Farmers Investment Income on Life Insurance and Annuity Contracts - Interest on Minnesota State and Local Government Bonds - Capital Gains on Home Sales - Capital Gains at Death - Capital Gains on Gifts - Exemptions from Imputed Interest Rules - Like-Kind Exchanges - Special Rules for Magazine, Paperback, and Record Returns - Energy Conservation Subsidies Provided by Public Utilities - Accelerated Depreciation - Expensing Depreciable Business Property - Excess of Percentage Over Cost Depletion - Five-Year Amortization of Business Organizational and Start-Up Costs - Expensing of Research and Development Costs Expensing of Magazine Circulation Expenditures - Expensing of Exploration and Development Costs - Cash Accounting and Expensing for Agriculture - Expensing of Multiperiod Timber Growing Costs Special Rules for Mining Reclamation Reserves - Cash Accounting Other than Agriculture - Installment Sales - Completed Contract Rules - Employee Stock Ownership Plans - Individual Retirement Accounts - Keogh Plans - Health Savings Accounts - Self-Employed Health Insurance - Interest on Student Loans - Per Diem Amounts Paid to State Legislators - Federal Personal Deductions 1.60 Additional Standard Deduction for the Elderly and Blind - Medical Expenses - Real Estate Taxes - Other Taxes - Home Mortgage Interest - Charitable Contributions and Theft Losses. Income Tax Minnesota Subtractions: K-12 Education Expenses - Charitable Contributions for Nonitemizers - Income of the Elderly or Disabled - Active Duty Military Service - National Guard and Reserve Pay - Expenses of Living Organ Donors - Job Opportunity Building Zone Income - Disposition of Farm Property - AmeriCorps National Service Education Awards - Preferential Computation - Five-Year Averaging of Lump Sum Distributions - Marriage Credit - Credit for Long-Term Care Insurance Premiums - Employer Transit Pass Credit - Credit for Past Military Service - Credit for New Participants in a Section 125 Employer Health Insurance Plan - Child and Dependent Care Credit - Working Family Credit - Credit for K-12 Education Expenses - Credit for Military Service in a Combat Zone - Job Opportunity Building Zone Jobs Credit - Enterprise Zone Employer Tax Credits - Credit for Bovine Tuberculosis Testing - Lower Income Motor Fuels - Exempt Organizations - Insurance Companies Corporate Tax Federal Exclusions: Permanent Exemptions from Imputed Interest Rules - Investment Income on Life Insurance and Annuity Contracts - Like-Kind Exchanges - Special Rules for Magazine, Paperback, and Record Returns – Corporate Tax Federal Deductions: Accelerated Depreciation - Expensing Depreciable Business Property Excess of Percentage Over Cost Depletion (Mining Occupation Tax) - Amortization of Organizational and Start-Up Costs - Expensing of Research and Development Costs - Expensing of Magazine Circulation Expenditures - Expensing of Exploration and Development Costs - Cash Accounting and Expensing for Agriculture - Expensing of Multiperiod Timber Growing Costs - Special Rules for Mining Reclamation Reserves - Cash Accounting Other than Agriculture - Installment Sales - Completed Contract Rules - Charitable Contributions - Employee Stock Ownership Plans - Capital Construction Funds of Shipping Companies Apportionment - Weighted Apportionment - Throwback Sales - Single-Factor Apportionment for Mail Order Companies Corporate Tax Minnesota Subtractions: Dividend Received Deduction - Foreign Source Royalties - Foreign Operating Corporations - Job Opportunity Building Zone Income of Farm Property Credits - Research and Development Credit - Employer Transit Pass Credit - Job Opportunity Building Zone Jobs Credit Zone Employer Tax Credits - Credit for Bovine Tuberculosis Testing Estate Tax Exclusions: Life Insurance Proceeds Annuities - Social Security Benefits Estate Tax Deductions: Marital Deduction Gifts Sales and Use Tax Exemptions: Particular Food Products - Clothing and Wearing Apparel - Drugs and Medicines - Medical Devices - Prescription Eyeglasses - Baby Products - Feminine Hygiene Items - Caskets and Burial Vaults – Publications - Textbooks Required for School Use - Personal Computers Required for School Use - De Minimis Use Tax Exemption for Individuals - Motor Fuels - Residential Heating Fuels - Residential Water Services - Sewer Services - Manufactured Homes - Selected Services - Capital Equipment - Accessory Tools – Tooling - Telecommunications Equipment - Recovery Equipment - Used Motor Oil - Taconite Production Materials - Wind Energy Conversion Systems - Air Cooling Equipment - Solar Energy Systems - Airflight Equipment - Large Ships 1992 $100,000 $100,000 $100,000 $100,000 4.31 Repair and Replacement Parts for Ships and Vessels - Light Rail Transit Vehicles and Parts - Commuter Rail Vehicles and Parts - Petroleum Products Used by Transit Systems Petroleum Products Used in Passenger Snowmobiles - Ski Area Equipment - Logging Equipment - Farm Machinery - Repair and Replacement Parts for Farm Machinery Petroleum Products Used to Improve Agricultural Land - Farm Conservation Programs – Horses - Prizes at Carnivals and Fairs – Television - Advertising Materials - Court Reporter Documents - Patent, Trademark, and Copyright Drawings - Packing Materials - Property for Business Use Outside Minnesota - Automatic Fire-Safety Sprinkler Systems - Firefighter Personal Protective – Equipment - Building Materials for Residences of Disabled Veterans - Chair Lifts, Ramps, and Elevators in Homesteads - Parts and Accessories to Make Motor Vehicles Handicapped Accessible - Maintenance of Cemetery Grounds - Trade-In Allowance Sales and Use Tax Exemptions - Sales to Particular Purchasers: Local Governments - Nonprofit Organizations - Hospitals and Outpatient Surgical Centers - Veterans’ Organizations - Construction Materials for Low-Income Housing - Public Safety Radio Systems - Biosolids Processing Equipment - Ambulances Leased to Private Ambulance Services - Certain Purchases by Private Ambulance Services - Job Opportunity Building Zones - Enterprise Zone Construction Materials Waste Recovery Facilities - Hydroelectric Generating Facility - Minnesota Twins Ballpark - University of Minnesota Football Stadium - Central Corridor Construction Materials Exemptions - Sales by Particular Sellers: Isolated or Occasional Sales - Institutional Meals - Fundraising Sales by Nonprofit - Organizations to Artistic Events - Admission to School-Sponsored Events - Admission to the Minnesota Zoo - Cross Country Ski Passes for Public Trails - YMCA, YWCA, and JCC Membership Dues - Minnesota Amateur Sports Commission Events - Admission to Charitable Golf Tournaments - Candy Sales by Certain Organizations - Sacramental Wine Sold by Religious Organizations - Reduced Sales Price New Manufactured Homes Local Property Tax Exemptions: Exempt Real Property - Opportunity Building Zone Property Preferential Valuations: Classification System - Green Acres Treatment of Agricultural Land - Open Space Property - Metropolitan Agricultural Preserves Land - Tax Increment Financing - Preferential Computation - Auxiliary Forest Tax Credits: Taconite Homestead Credit - Powerline Credit - Metropolitan Agricultural Preserves Credit - Conservation Tax Credit
$27b
=$16b
-$11b
Annual state tax
revenue (2010)
Tax expenditures
and loopholes
Total state tax
revenue before
preferences
30
For every dollar of state tax
revenue without preferences…
60¢ goes to education, health care and other public expenditures
40¢ goes to tax expenditures
and loopholes
31
Fair
Simple
Supports Growth
What do we value in a tax system?
32
Governor Legislative
Champions
Committed Staff
& Organizations
YOU!
What will it
take to
achieve tax
reform in
Minnesota?
Minnesotans
Minnesotans Minnesotans
Minnesotans
Minnesotans Minnesotans
Minnesotans Minnesotans
Minnesotans
Minnesotans
What are your ideas for tax reform?
Tell us!
Myron Frans
Commissioner of Revenue
651-556-6003
http://bit.ly/TaxReformMN
@MNRevenue
#MNTaxReform
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