as i enter 1.27.2015 think about/write out: a major north american city not on a river or with...
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As I Enter 1.27.2015
• Think about/Write out:• A major North American city not on a river
or with access to an ocean. Where the clothing you are wearing is made? (check!) WHY?!
• Agenda:1. Weekend/Finals Recap2. PPt on Industry3. Industry Activity
• Homework: 1. Vocab (prepare for quiz)2. KIs
The Industrial Revolution
What is Industry?
A. “The manufacturing of goods in a factory.”
Slater Mill, founded in 1793 by Samuel Slater, is now used as a museum dedicated to textile manufacturing.
Industrial Diffusion
How do industrial regionalization, uneven development, and core-periphery
patterns come to exist?Seriously…how does it happen?
Not kidding…someone answer me!
The Industrial Revolution
A. Pre-Industrialization: what did the Revolution change?1. People had made goods
for thousands of years before IRa. things made slowly
(low productivity), all by hand
b. workmen handled all facets of production > different quality goods
c. guilds created production standards, but prices were high
The Industrial Revolution
A. Pre-Industrialization: what did the Revolution change?2. Spatial distribution
a. work done at home (cottage industry) • goods sold
locally• workers paid by
the “piece”b. industry was
dispersed in all locales
The Industrial Revolution (Cont)
B. Why did it begin in the Great Britain?1. Capitalist*** system
a. guilds had created a middle class of workmen
b. people free to form businesses
c. education (see it is important!)
d. patent system encouraged development
2. labor: a. Jethro Tull’s seed drill (1701)
and other developments > improved productivity in farming > people can leave farms and work elsewhere
The Industrial Revolution (cont)
B. Why did it begin in the Great Britain? (CONT)3. raw materials (iron ore,
coal)4. rivers, canals, harbors
(ease in trade)5. small, compact size (iron
and coal near rivers and harbors)
6. existing banking system (borrow $ to buy machinery)
7. stable political system8. colonies (guaranteed
markets, additional raw materials)
The Industrial Revolution (cont)
C. Key developments1. James Watt patents the
steam engine (1769)a. wood replaces running
water as source of energy
b. changes location of machinery– was located by
running water (streams, rivers)
– now can be located wherever wood exists (more flexibility)
The Industrial Revolution (cont)
C.Key developments (cont)2.steam engine adapts to iron industry (iron
deposits in Midlands, So. Scotland, So. Wales)a.steam engine provides steady supply of hot air
for blast furnace (keep it hot with little effort)b.ease in (s)melting iron and shaping it into “pig
iron” [common size]
The Industrial Revolution (cont)
C. Key developments (cont)3. steam engine adapts to textile industry
a. cotton fiber spun into thread (inefficient by hand; efficient by machine)
b. thread woven into cloth with power looms in large factories
The Industrial Revolution (cont)C. Key developments (cont)
2. Steam engine adapts to iron industry (iron deposits in Midlands, So. Scotland, So. Wales) (cont)
c. other industries arise from iron industry• wood becomes
scarce > coal > coke (factories move to coal fields)
• > integrated factories where iron is smelted and processed into steel
• need to transport coal and iron > railroad
The Industrial Revolution (cont)
D. Effects1. economic: more goods
at lower prices2. social: available labor
leaves farms and clusters in cities a. urban blight,
pollutionb. canned food
(encourages new industry)
3. political: surplus labor > mistreated workers > liberalism and communism
The Industrial Revolution (cont)
D. Effects4. technological: >
railroad, steamship 5. agricultural: > 2d
Agricultural Revolution a. increased
productivityb. use of machinery
> larger farms (COMMERCIAL!)
6. ***demographic: caused move from Stage 1 to Stage 2 of DTM
The Industrial Revolution (cont)
E. Early Diffusion1. eastward to Belgium, France, and Germany
(early 1800s; delay due to Napoleonic Wars)2. further diffusion to Italy, Netherlands,
Russia and Sweden by late 1800s3. U.S. not affected by political instability in
Europe: diffusion by early 1800sa. 8,000 spindles of textiles in 1808 > 80,000
spindles by 1811-WOW!b. by Civil War, U.S. was world’s 2d largest
industrial power (SIDE BAR: Where was the industry in the US located? Who wins the war?)
Industrial Location
A. Where are primary activities located?1. You know this…just think
a. You go where the soil is good, where there is fish, where there is gold…
B. Where would industrial activities be located?1. The answer isn’t “anywhere” think about
it…a. Think water for transportation, think von
thunen…a little bit – transportation costs
Situation factors
A. Inputs1. Heavy, bulky, fragile – locate near the
inputsa. Known as Bulk-reducingb. EX. Copper, steel, canned tomatoes
B. Outputs1. Heavy, bulky, fragile – locate near market
a. Bulk-gainingb. Beer, glass, concrete
Transportation Factors
A. Methods1. Ship (ocean, lake, river)
a. Very Low cost, very slow, long-distance, non-perishables
2. Raila. Low cost, slow speed, long/med. Distance
3. Truckinga. High cost, mod to high speed, any dist., very
flexible
4. Aira. Very high cost, very high speed, med/long dist.
5. Pipelinea. Very low cost, LIQUIDS!
Break of Bulk points
A. Place where you transfer goods from one type of transportation to another.1. Takes time, costs money.
Site factors
A. Physical characteristics of a place.B. Different industries have different needs.C. Availability and cost of:
1. Land (lg areas – Airplane manufacturing)2. Power (lots of electricity or fuel – Aluminum)3. Labor (unskilled – electronics, skilled –
research/dev)4. Capital (Money, money, money…money!)
D. Footloose Industries – 1. Can locate anywhere (Diamonds, computer
chips - YUMM)
Activity!
A. Break into groups of 2-3B. Match the main export with the list of
countries1. HINT: Focus on one or two countries at a
time…2. HINT: You should have a pretty good idea
of what comes from where!
C. How’d we do?!
Answers
H. CoffeeM. CopperI.DiamondsE. ElectronicsN. Fish and Fish ProductsO. GoldC. MachineryG. Metals and Minerals (no copper)A.Motor Vehicles
D. Oil/PetroleumJ. SugarB. TeaF. Textiles/ApparelL. Wood
STOP!
Industrial Regions
How can the theme of culture regions be applied to industrial activity?
Types of industrial activity
A. Primary = extracting resources. Ex.?B. Secondary = processing stage. Ex?C. Tertiary = services
1. Transportation/Communication2. Producer Services3. Consumer Services
D. Each type of industrial activity displays unique spatial patterns, or “industrial regions.”
Primary Industry
A. Extract resources1. Renewable
can be used without being permanently depleted. Risk of overexploitation
2. Nonrenewable are depleted when used.
Secondary Industry
A. A.K.A. “manufacturing”1. Traditionally clustered
together in several regions
2. Each region is specialized because each activity has certain requirements; locations are chosen based on how advantageous they are. Ex.?
3. Regional specialization core-periphery dynamic (UNEVEN DEVELOPMENT)
Secondary Industry (cont)
A. Global trends since 1950’s1. Secondary industry declining in core countries
a. Factories closing down; people out of work
b. Core countries retain industries that require highly skilled or artisanal work. Ex. technopoles
c. Service industry boom
d. This is called deindustrialization
e. Core countries entering post-industrial phase
2. Periphery countries becoming industrialized3. Transnational corporations manage a complex
business system with multiple specialized locations. Effect of globalization.
Service Industries
A. U.S., Canada, Europe and Japan = postindustrial
B. Transportation/communication services1. Services that facilitate the
distribution of goods, services and information to meet the requirements of modern industry.
2. Regional differences in the relative importance of various modes of transportation. EX Russia = rails; US=highway
3. Ex.?
Service Industries (cont)
A. Producer services1. Required by those who produce
goods; necessary for business growth and developmenta. Generally located in the coreb. Require more educated labor
force2. Ex.?3. Leads to more uneven
development; industrialization of LDCs makes them more dependent upon industrial powers.
4. Information technology – growing fielda. Requires skilled, creative labor
force, and little land– High-tech corridors
developing. Ex. “Silicon Valley”
Service Industries (cont)
A. Consumer Services1. Services aimed
at keeping people healthy, educated, safe and happy.
2. Ex.?
The End