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Gail Collins PAGE A27

EDITORIAL, OP-ED A26-27

American public opinion cansometimes seem stubborn. Votershaven’t really changed theirviews on abortion in 50 years.Donald J. Trump’s approval ratingamong registered voters has fall-en within a five-point range for

just about every day of his presi-dency.

But the Black Lives Mattermovement has been an exceptionfrom the start.

Public opinion on race andcriminal justice issues has beensteadily moving left since the firstprotests ignited over the fatalshootings of Trayvon Martin andMichael Brown. And since the

death of George Floyd in policecustody on May 25, public opinionon race, criminal justice and theBlack Lives Matter movementhas leapt leftward.

Over the last two weeks, sup-port for Black Lives Matter in-creased by nearly as much as ithad over the previous two years,according to data from Civiqs, anonline survey research firm. By a

28-point margin, Civiqs finds thata majority of American voterssupport the movement, up from a17-point margin before the mostrecent wave of protests began.

The survey is not the only one tosuggest that recent protests enjoybroad public support. Weeklypolling for the U.C.L.A./Nation-scape survey shows a significant

On Black Lives Matter, the Public Has Quickly Moved to the LeftBy NATE COHN

and KEVIN QUEALY

Continued on Page A23

The week after the U.S. econ-omy shut down in March, DarrenWalker, the president of the FordFoundation, fielded a stream ofphone calls from the heads of doz-ens of organizations that Fordsupports. Many were panicked.One was in tears.

“There was a sense of despera-tion and panic from these usuallyself-assured leaders,” Mr. Walkerrecalled. “There’s never beensuch an existential challenge tothe future of the nonprofit sector.”

In 2019, the Ford Foundationhanded out $520 million in grants.Mr. Walker quickly realized thatwas not going to be anywherenear enough in this crisis-en-gulfed year.

His solution: Borrow money,spend it quickly and inspire othersto follow Ford’s lead.

The Ford Foundation plans toannounce on Thursday that it willborrow $1 billion so that it can dra-

matically increase the amount ofmoney it distributes. To raise themoney, the foundation — one ofthe country’s iconic and oldestcharitable organizations — is pre-paring to issue a combination of30- and 50-year bonds, a financialmaneuver common among gov-ernments and companies but ex-tremely rare among nonprofits.

Four other leading charitablefoundations will pledge on Thurs-day that they will join with Fordand increase their giving by atleast $725 million.

The decision by the five influen-tial foundations — major sponsorsof social justice organizations,museums and the arts and envi-ronmental causes — could shatterthe charitable world’s deeply en-trenched tradition of fiscal re-straint during periods of eco-nomic hardship. That conserva-tism has provoked anger that

Foundations Borrow HeavilyTo Support a Battered Nation

By JAMES B. STEWART and NICHOLAS KULISH

ERIN SCHAFF/THE NEW YORK TIMES

Philonise Floyd, George Floyd’s brother, spoke about killings of black men by the police. Page A20.A Plea to Congress: ‘Make It Stop’

An overstuffed binder sat in JoeBiden’s Senate office, holding theraw materials of his grief.

It was a master collection, aidesrecalled, with remarks, notes anddrafts of eulogies Mr. Biden hadgiven through 2008 — for child-hood friends, prominent senators,his own father. The table of con-tents was long enough to use ev-ery letter of the alphabet. It in-cluded a section of favored pas-sages, often deployed in his re-membrances, labeled “QuotableQuotes: Death.”

“Death is part of this life,” onesuch axiom read, “and not of thenext.”

And it has been, in many ways,the defining part of Mr. Biden’s.

The compilation, never beforedetailed publicly, is the sort oftrove that few but Mr. Biden couldamass, or even think to — a metic-ulous testament to the mixture ofmourning and resilience that hasshaped virtually every aspect ofhis personal and political history.

Mr. Biden has been linked tomatters of death and recoverysince the minute he was sworn inas a United States senator, fromthe hospital where his two toddlersons were recovering after the1972 car crash that killed his first

wife, Neilia, and their daughter,Naomi. One of those sons, Beau,died of cancer at 46, five years agolast month.

But the scope of the personallosses Mr. Biden has endured, andhis fluency in discussing death —a subject many elected leadershope to avoid — go beyond what iscommonly understood.

A Times review of nearly 60 eu-logies Mr. Biden has delivered, aswell as interviews with more thantwo dozen friends, former staffmembers and relatives of those hehas eulogized, offer an intimatewindow into how he sought tocomfort those joining him inmourning, and how he would seekto lead a nation grappling withdeath and devastation.

As the country confronts thewrenching, overlapping crises of

Biden Is No Stranger to Grief, or to ConsolationBy KATIE GLUECK

and MATT FLEGENHEIMERPresidential Candidate

Stakes a Bid on HisCapacity to Heal

Continued on Page A14

WASHINGTON — A white Na-tional Guard commander calledthe standoff in Lafayette Square“the Alamo,” implying that theWhite House was under siege.Black members of the D.C. Guardobjected to turning on their neigh-bors. Army leaders told pilots to“flood the box with everything wehave” as two helicopters buzzedprotesters in the streets.

The National Guard is now en-gaged in an investigation of thehavoc a week ago Monday indowntown Washington, similar toafter-the-fact examinations morecommon to battlefields in Iraq andAfghanistan. There will be ques-tions, interviews and competingnarratives.

But on one point everyone isagreed: The first days of June, acalamitous period for the Trumppresidency, have been a debaclefor the National Guard.

There has been a torrent of criti-cism from Congress, senior re-tired military officers and Guardmembers themselves since morethan 5,000 Guard troops — fromthe District of Columbia and a doz-en states — were rushed to thestreets of the capital to help in thecrackdown on mostly peacefulprotesters and occasional lootersafter the killing of George Floyd inpolice custody. The D.C. Guardhas halted recruiting efforts, andat least four National Guardtroops have tested positive for thecoronavirus.

D.C. Guard members, typicallydeployed to help after hurricanes,floods and other natural disasters,say they feel demoralized and ex-hausted. More than 60 percent are

Troops ShakenBy War Tactics

In City Streets

This article is by Thomas Gib-bons-Neff, Eric Schmitt and HeleneCooper.

Continued on Page A21

The presence of National Guard troops in Washington has been jarring for civilians, as well as for lawmakers and the military itself.ERIN SCHAFF/THE NEW YORK TIMES

WASHINGTON — A retiredfederal judge accused the JusticeDepartment on Wednesday of a“gross abuse of prosecutorialpower” and urged a court to rejectits attempt to drop the criminalcase against Michael T. Flynn,President Trump’s former na-tional security adviser.

The arguments in a 73-pagebrief by John Gleeson, the retiredjudge and former mafia prosecu-tor appointed to argue against theJustice Department’s unusual ef-fort to drop the Flynn case, werethe latest turn in a politicallycharged case that now centers onthe question of whether Mr. Flynnshould continue to be prosecuted.He said Mr. Flynn should be sen-tenced.

The Justice Department’s inter-vention last month, directed byAttorney General William P. Barr,

came after a long public campaignby Mr. Trump and his allies andprompted an outcry from formerlaw enforcement officials that theadministration was further politi-cizing the department.

Mr. Flynn’s lawyers and theJustice Department have soughtto bypass Mr. Gleeson and the fed-eral judge in the case who ap-pointed him, Emmet G. Sullivan.An appeals panel will hear argu-ments on Friday about whether todismiss the case without allowingJudge Sullivan to conduct his re-view of the department’s requestto withdraw the charge against

EX-JUDGE ATTACKSFLYNN REVERSALAS ‘GROSS ABUSE’

PUSH FOR PROSECUTION

Justice Dept. Bid to DropCase Is Condemned

as Political Move

By CHARLIE SAVAGEand ADAM GOLDMAN

Michael T. Flynn, a Trump ally,pleaded guilty but backtracked.

CARLOS BARRIA/REUTERS

Continued on Page A19

WASHINGTON — The head ofthe Federal Reserve on Wednes-day offered a grim assessment ofhow quickly the U.S. economy willrecover from its pandemic-in-duced recession, suggesting thatmillions of people could remainout of work for an extended periodas central bank officials estimatedunemployment will be at 9.3 per-cent by the end of 2020.

The Fed chair, Jerome H. Pow-ell, said the labor market mighthave “hit bottom” after recordinga 14.7 percent unemployment ratein April, but made clear that it wastoo soon to know for certain.

“This is the biggest economicshock, in the U.S. and the world,really, in living memory,” Mr. Pow-ell said at a news conference afterthe Fed’s two-day policy meeting,during which it left rates un-changed. “We went from the low-est level of unemployment in 50years to the highest level in closeto 90 years, and we did it in twomonths.”

The sober projections, the Fed’sfirst estimates of 2020, depicted avery different economic path fromthe quick “V-shaped recovery”that President Trump has sug-gested is underway as he pushesstates to reopen and remove thestay-at-home orders that havecontributed to bringing businessactivity to a halt.

Mr. Trump has pointed to thestock market rally and the Mayjobs report, in which the unem-ployment rate fell to 13.3 percent,as evidence that the economy is“back.”

“I think you’re going to have a V.I think it’s going to be terrific,” Mr.Trump said last month, referringto kind of economic rebound thatcan occur after a sharp decline. Hehas continually called for states toreopen, suggesting that officialswho do not lift quarantines are ar-tificially holding back the recov-ery.

But Mr. Powell did not suggest arapid return to the type of eco-nomic growth and low joblessnessthat defined the 11-year expan-sion, even as states allow restau-rants, offices and salons to re-open. Instead, he said, “there isgreat uncertainty” about the fu-ture given unknowns about the co-ronavirus and whether people willfeel comfortable resuming theirprevious day-to-day activities ab-sent a vaccine.

“My assumption is that therewill be a significant chunk, well

Fed Chair SaysEconomic PainMay Last Years

Jobless Rate of 9.3%Seen at Year’s End

By JEANNA SMIALEKand ALAN RAPPEPORT

Continued on Page A5

Continued on Page A7

Ukraine eased virus-related travelrestrictions for 11 foreign couples, butbirths still outpace pickups. PAGE A10

INTERNATIONAL A10-11

A Backlog of Surrogate BirthsCompanies like Salesforce createdhomey workplaces. But now they mayfeel more like hospitals. PAGE B1

BUSINESS B1-7

No More Gummy Bear JarsThe airport’s Terminal B opens Satur-day with sprawling art installations bySarah Sze, Laura Owens, Sabine Hornigand Jeppe Hein, above. PAGE C1

ARTS C1-7

The Gallery at La Guardia

The auto racing circuit, which has apredominantly white and Southern fanbase, announced that it would ban theConfederate battle flag from its eventsand properties. PAGE B9

SPORTSTHURSDAY B8-10

NASCAR Bans Stars and BarsIndia, Mexico, Russia, Iran and Paki-stan have decided they must end lock-downs and restart their economies,despite rising virus cases. PAGE A5

TRACKING AN OUTBREAK A4-9

Accepting Illness in Reopening

With galas and splashy fund-raiserspaused, the events industry has beenstruggling to function when there areno social functions. PAGE D1

THURSDAY STYLES D1-6

The Party’s Still Over

Small-business owners are becomingreluctant to borrow from the federalPaycheck Protection Program. PAGE B1

Any Takers for $130 Billion?A primary was plagued by glitches, butDemocrats also say they saw a systemiceffort to disenfranchise voters. PAGE A16

Finger-Pointing in GeorgiaAmerica faces growing pressure toreduce its military presence in Iraq asattacks by ISIS are on the rise. PAGE A11

Debate on U.S. Troop Levels

Late Edition

VOL. CLXIX . . . . No. 58,721 © 2020 The New York Times Company NEW YORK, THURSDAY, JUNE 11, 2020

The president rejected the idea of giv-ing new names to Army installationshonoring Confederate officers. PAGE A22

NATIONAL A12-24

Trump Picks Fight Over Bases

Today, some clouds, breezy, humid,shower or heavy thunderstorms,high 80. Tonight, mostly cloudy, low68. Tomorrow, less humid, high 84.Weather map appears on Page C8.

$3.00