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Boardworks AS Biology Contents Guide
Boardworks AS Biology Biological Molecules: Water and Carbohydrates
30 slides 13 Flash activities
Water • Structure of water and hydrogen bonding
Sequence of events illustrating why water is a good solvent using the example of water dissolving sodium chloride
Guide to the properties and biological roles of water
Monosaccharides • Overview of carbohydrates • Hexose monosaccharides: alpha and beta glucose, fructose, galactose • Pentose monosaccharides: ribose and deoxyribose
Animation showing the formation of a glycosidic bond between two monosaccharides • Disaccharides: maltose, sucrose and lactose
Virtual experiment investigating Benedict's test for reducing sugars Completing sentences about mono- and disaccharides
Polysaccharides Animation showing the formation of amylose and amylopectin from alpha glucose,
including the formation of 1–4 and 1–6 glycosidic bonds • Properties and biological roles of starch
Virtual experiment investigating the iodine test for starch Animation showing the formation of cellulose from beta glucose
• Glycogen Identifying true-or-false statements about polysaccharides
Summary activities Glossary of keywords in the presentation Identifying the correct spelling and definition of selected keywords in the presentation Identifying carbohydrates from their structure Multiple-choice quiz
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May 2008 1/19
Boardworks AS Biology Contents Guide
Biological Molecules: Proteins and Lipids
29 slides 16 Flash activities
Proteins • Overview of proteins • General structure of amino acids
Guide to the structure of the 20 naturally-occurring amino acids Animation showing the formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids Identifying parts of a dipeptide Animation showing the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures of a protein Identifying the different levels of structure of a protein
• Types of bond in a protein • Fibrous and globular proteins
Virtual experiment investigating the Biuret test for proteins Identifying true-or-false statements about proteins
Lipids • Overview of lipids
Animation showing the structure of triglycerides Guide to saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, including the difference between cis and
trans fatty acids • Biological roles of lipids
Animation showing the structure of phospholipids Virtual experiment investigating the emulsion test for proteins Identifying parts of lipids
Summary activities Glossary of keywords in the presentation Identifying the correct spelling and definition of selected keywords in the presentation Investigation to identify mystery substances using biological tests Multiple-choice quiz
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May 2008 2/19
Boardworks AS Biology Contents Guide
Nucleic Acids and the Genetic Code
36 slides 19 Flash activities
Nucleotides and nucleic acids • Overview of nucleotides and bases
Identifying bases from their structure Matching bases to their complementary pairs in DNA and RNA Animation showing how nucleotides are formed Animation showing how polynucleotides are formed Guide to the structure of DNA Animated zoom illustrating how DNA is packaged to form chromosomes
DNA replication Overview of the three theoretical mechanisms by which DNA could replicate Virtual experiment investigating how Meselson and Stahl determined that DNA replicated
by a semi-conservative method Animation showing the mechanism of DNA replication Matching enzymes involved in DNA replication to their roles Completing sentences about DNA replication Animations showing three ways in which gene mutations can occur during DNA
replication
The genetic code Timeline of major milestones in the discovery of the genetic code
code • The triplet, degenerate and non-overlapping nature of the genetic • mRNA, transcription and codons
Guide to the genetic code • tRNA and its role in translation
Ordering the stages of protein synthesis Identifying the codons, anti-codons and amino acids coded for by a DNA sequence
Summary activities Glossary of keywords in the presentation Identifying the correct spelling and definition of selected keywords in the presentation Multiple-choice quiz
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May 2008 3/19
Boardworks AS Biology Contents Guide
May 2008 4/19
Enzymes
34 slides 18 Flash activities
Enzyme action • Overview of enzymes, their structure and specificity
Guide to the six major classes of enzymes Animated graph illustrating how enzymes increase the rate of reaction by lowering the
activation energy Animation showing the lock-and-key model of enzyme action Animation showing the induced fit model of enzyme action
• Enzyme cofactors Identifying true-or-false statements about enzymes
Factors affecting enzymes Animated graph illustrating how to calculate the initial rate of an enzyme-catalyzed
reaction Animated graph illustrating the effect of temperature on enzyme-catalyzed reactions Animated graph illustrating the effect of pH on enzyme-catalyzed reactions Virtual experiment and multiple-choice activity investigating the effect of substrate
concentration on an enzyme-catalyzed reaction Animated graph illustrating the effect of substrate concentration on enzyme-catalyzed
reactions Animated graph illustrating the effect of enzyme concentration on enzyme-catalyzed
reactions g sentences about factors affecting the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions Completin
Enzyme inhibitors • Overview of enzyme inhibitors
Animations showing the mechanisms of action of competitive and non-competitive enzyme inhibitors
strating the effect of enzyme inhibitors on enzyme-catalyzed reactions Animated graph illu• Uses of enzyme inhibitors
Identifying molecules that interact with enzymes and the sites to which they bind
Summary activities Glossary of keywords in the presentation Identifying the correct spelling and definition of selected keywords in the presentation Multiple-choice quiz
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Boardworks AS Biology Contents Guide
May 2008 5/19
Cell Membranes
34 slides 11 Flash activities
The fluid mosaic model • Overview of membranes
Timeline of major milestones in the discovery of the structure of cell membranes • Evidence for and against the Davson–Danielli model of cell membranes • Evidence for the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes
Animated diagram of the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes Identifying true-or-false statements about models of cell membranes
Components of cell membranes Labelling components of cell membranes
• Role of phospholipids and cholesterol in cell membranes • Overview of integral and peripheral membrane proteins
Matching components of cell membranes to their role Guide to factors affecting the fluidity of cell membranes Completing sentences about cell membranes
Receptors and cell signalling • Overview of cell signalling and transmembrane receptors
Animations showing the mechanisms of action of ligand-gated ion channels and G protein-coupled receptors
Summary activities Glossary of keywords in the presentation Identifying the correct spelling and definition of selected keywords in the presentation Multiple-choice quiz
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Boardworks AS Biology Contents Guide
Transport Across Membranes
33 slides 17 Flash activities
Diffusion • Overview of diffusion and Fick’s law
Simulation investigating the effect of surface area, membrane thickness and concentration gradient on the rate of diffusion
• Effect of molecule size and polarity on the rate of diffusion Animation showing facilitated diffusion Completing sentences about diffusion
Osmosis • Overview of osmosis and water potential
Animation showing the movement of water molecules during osmosis • Solute and pressure potential
Calculations involving water, solute and pressure potential Simulation investigating the effect of changing water potential on a plant cell Simulation investigating the effect of changing water potential on an animal cell Virtual experiment and multiple-choice activity to determine the water potential of potato
cells Identifying true-or-false statements about osmosis Identifying factors that cause a net gain or net loss of water during osmosis
Active and bulk transport • Overview and importance of active transport
Animation showing active transport • Overview of bulk transport
Animations showing phagocytosis, pinocytosis and receptor-mediated phagocytosis Animation showing exocytosis
Summary activities Glossary of keywords in the presentation Identifying the correct spelling and definition of selected keywords in the presentation Identifying the main features of diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis and active
transport Multiple-choice quiz
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May 2008 6/19
Boardworks AS Biology Contents Guide
May 2008 7/19
Cell Structure
37 slides 16 Flash activities
The building blocks of life • Overview of cells
Timeline of major milestones in the discovery of the cell • Overview of the cell membrane and cytoplasm
Eukaryotic cells • Overview of eukaryotic cells
Animation showing organelles involved in protein synthesis • Overview of mitochondria
Guide to microtubules and the cytoskeleton Identifying organelles of an animal cell from their functions
• Overview of plant cells • Chloroplasts, vacuoles and the cell wall
Matching organelles to their functions
Prokaryotic cells • Overview of prokaryotic cells
Guide to the common features of prokaryotic cells • Capsules, flagella, pili and plasmids
Labelling structures of a bacterium
Studying cells Animated zoom illustrating the size of biological structures, the limits of the human eye,
optical microscopy and electron microscopy • Optical microscopes, magnification and resolution
Virtual microscope with calculations involving image size, magnification and actual size Guide to transmission and scanning electron microscopes Virtual experiments investigating differential and density gradient centrifugation Identifying features of optical and electron microscopy
Summary activities Glossary of keywords in the presentation Identifying the correct spelling and definition of selected keywords in the presentation Identifying differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells Multiple-choice quiz
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Boardworks AS Biology Contents Guide
May 2008 8/19
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Cell Division
32 slides 18 Flash activities
The cell cycle • Overview of cell division
Animation showing the main phases of the cell cycle Identifying phases of the cell cycle
Mitosis • Overview of mitosis
Animation showing mitosis Matching the stages of mitosis to their definitions and illustrations Guide to how mitosis fits into the cell cycle Identifying stages of mitosis from a micrograph
Cell differentiation • Overview of specialized cells
Animated zoom illustrating the relationships between animal cells, tissues, organs, organ systems and organisms
Animation showing the different potencies of stem cells • Overview of rest phase
Animated zoom illustrating the relationships between plant cells, tissues, organs, organ systems and organisms
Completing sentences about cell differentiation
Meiosis • Chromosomes and gametes
Meiosis and genetic variation • Animation showing meiosis Identifying true-or-false statements about meiosis Identifying the arrangement of chromosomes through the stages of meiosis Guide to the major types of chromosome mutation
Summary activities Glossary of keywords in the presentation Identifying the correct spelling and definition of selected keywords in the presentation Identifying the main features of mitosis and meiosis Multiple-choice quiz
Boardworks AS Biology Contents Guide
May 2008 9/19
Immunology
38 slides 21 Flash activities
Primary defences Guide to physical barriers to infection Guide to the major components of the immune response Case study of an immunologist
Non-specific immune response • Overview of components of the non-specific/innate immune response
Animation showing inflammation and phagocytosis Identifying true-or-false statements about non-specific immunity
Specific immune response • Overview of components of the specific/adaptive immune response
Guide to the major types of lymphocytes Animation showing the cellular immune response Animation showing the humoral immune response Animations showing how antibodies inactivate pathogens by neutralization and
agglutination Animated graph illustrating the primary and secondary immune response Guide to the structure of an antibody molecule
• Uses and production of monoclonal antibodies Matching lymphocytes to their roles in the immune response Identifying factors associated with cellular and humoral immune responses Labelling components of an antibody molecule
Artificial immunity Guide to the ways in which immunity can be acquired
• Vaccination and antigenic variation • The MMR controversy
Guide to interpreting scientific papers, with a focus on Dr Andrew Wakefield’s paper on MMR and autism
ut the MMR controversy Voting activity abo Completing sentences about vaccination
Summary activities Glossary of keywords in the presentation Identifying the correct spelling and definition of selected keywords in the presentation Multiple-choice quiz
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Boardworks AS Biology Contents Guide
May 2008 10/19
Infectious Diseases
45 slides 20 Flash activities
Pathogens and disease Animated graph illustrating the major causes of death worldwide by infectious diseases Quiz about the major types of pathogen: bacteria, viruses and fungi Guide to the major forms of disease transmission
• Factors affecting the spread of disease Guide to incidence, prevalence and mortality, with a focus on HIV and tuberculosis Case study of an infectious diseases specialist
HIV and AIDS • Overview of HIV and AIDS
Animation showing how HIV replicates in host cells Animated graph illustrating lymphocyte count and HIV load during HIV infection Ordering the stages of HIV infection Animated graph showing the major routes of HIV transmission in the UK Completing sentences about HIV and AIDS
Malaria • Overview of malaria and parasitism
Animation showing the life cycle of the malarial parasite • Control and distribution of malaria
Map illustrating how malaria may spread as a result of climate change Ordering the stages in the life cycle of the malarial parasite
Tuberculosis • Overview of tuberculosis infection and symptoms
Animated graph illustrating the correlation between poverty and tuberculosis Identifying true-or-false statements about tuberculosis
Antibiotics Virtual experiment investigating the effectiveness of different antibiotics
Summary activities
• Antibiotic resistance and MRSA
Glossary of keywords in the presentation Identifying the correct spelling and definition of selected keywords in the presentation Quiz about HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis
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Multiple-choice quiz
Boardworks AS Biology Contents Guide
May 2008 11/19
Lifestyle and Disease
52 slides 20 Flash activities
Diseases and risks they can be classified • Overview of diseases and how
Animated graph illustrating the major causes of death in the UK • Risk factors, and perceived vs. actual risk
Voting activity on the impact of lifestyle on health
Cardiovascular disease Animated graph illustrating the major types of cardiovascular disease and their
•contribution to the number of worldwide deaths
Overview of coronary heart disease Animated graph illustrating the trend in the number of deaths in the UK caused by
cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease and stroke Animated graph illustrating the effect of gender and age on the risk of death by coronary
heart disease and stroke Case study of a cardiologist Animation showing the process of atherosclerosis
• Risk factors for coronary heart disease Graphs illustrating deaths by coronary h
pressure in selected European countrieseart disease and the incidence of high blood
• Effect of cholesterol and smoking on the risk of coronary heart disease • Overview of heart attacks and angina
Guide to the methods of diagnosing coronary heart disease Ordering the stages of development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease Identifying whether factors are associated with a higher or lower risk of coronary heart
disease Guide to medication used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease
Overview• of surgery for coronary heart disease Animation showing coronary/balloon angioplasty
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Boardworks AS Biology Contents Guide
Lung disease
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• Overview of COPD, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema • The role of spirometry in diagnosing COPD
Guide to the interpretation of flow–volume and volume–time spirometry graphs, with a focus on diagnosing COPD
• Overview of treatment of COPD • Overview of lung cancer
Graphs illustrating the incidence, mortality and survival rates of different types of cancer in males and females in the UK/England
Graph illustrating the correlation between smoking and lung cancer • Epidemiological evidence for the link between smoking, lung cancer and reduced life
expectancy Matching types of respiratory disease to their major symptoms
Summary activities Glossary of keywords in the presentation Identifying the correct spelling and definition of selected keywords in the presentation Multiple-choice quiz
May 2008 12/19
Boardworks AS Biology Contents Guide
May 2008 13/19
Transport in Plants
26 slides 14 Flash activities
Transport systems Guide to components of plant transport systems, including xylem and phloem Identifying structures of plant transport systems from micrographs and line drawings Labelling structures of plant transport systems Matching components of plant transport systems to their roles
Transpiration and water transport • Overview of transpiration and water potential
Virtual experiment investigating factors that affect the rate of transpiration Completing sentences about factors that affect the rate of transpiration Animation showing the mechanisms of transpiration Guide to the adaptations of xerophytes Ordering stages in the process of transpiration
Translocation • Overview of translocation and the pressure flow hypothesis
Animation showing the mechanism of translocation Completing sentences about translocation
Summary activities Glossary of keywords in the presentation Identifying the correct spelling and definition of selected keywords in the presentation Multiple-choice quiz
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Boardworks AS Biology Contents Guide
May 2008 14/19
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Gas Exchange
28 slides 13 Flash activities
The lungs Animated zoom illustrating the structure of the lungs, from the trachea to the alveoli Animation showing gas exchange in the alveoli
• Functions of lung surfactant, ciliated epithelium and goblet cells Identifying structures of the lungs from micrographs and line drawings
Ventilation Animation showing the mechanism of ventilation
• Composition of inhaled and exhaled air Guide to spirometry and lung capacity Matching spirometric terms to their definitions
Oxygen transport • Overview of haemoglobin and partial pressures
Animated graph illustrating the oxygen dissociation curve Animated graph illustrating the effects of pH (Bohr shift) and temperature on oxygen
dissociation • Foetal haemoglobin and myoglobin
Completing sentences about oxygen transport
Summary activities Glossary of keywords in the presentation Identifying the correct spelling and definition of selected keywords in the presentation Labelling structures of the lungs Multiple-choice quiz
Boardworks AS Biology Contents Guide
May 2008 15/19
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The Heart
24 slides 13 Flash activities
Structure of the heart • Overview of the human heart and cardiac muscle
Guide to the internal and external structure of the human heart Labelling the chambers, valves and major blood vessels of the human heart Identifying the direction of blood flow through the chambers and major blood vessels of
the heart
The cardiac cycle Animation showing the cardiac cycle in terms of systole, diastole and blood flow Interactive cardiac cycle, including animated graph illustrating pressure changes in the
ventricles, atria and aorta • Cardiac output • Electrical conduction system of the heart
Animation showing the heart’s electrical activity during the cardiac cycle Interactive cardiac cycle showing electrical activity, including animated ECG trace Ordering stages of the cardiac cycle
• Overview of ECGs and their role in diagnosing heart abnormalities Guide to sections of an ECG trace Guide to normal and abnormal ECG traces
Summary activities Glossary of keywords in the presentation Identifying the correct spelling and definition of selected keywords in the presentation Multiple-choice quiz
Boardworks AS Biology Contents Guide
May 2008 16/19
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Circulation and Blood
33 slides 16 Flash activities
Circulatory systems • Importance of body size and surface area-to-volume ratio in the transport of substances
Investigation into the relationship between surface area and volume • Open and closed circulatory systems
Animated guide to single and double circulatory systems Guide to the major vessels of the mammalian circulatory system Identifying true-or-false statements about circulatory systems
Blood vessels • Guide to the structure and function of arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins
Identifying the structure of artery and vein walls from micrographs and line drawings Animation showing blood flow in veins, including the role of valves and skeletal muscle How the circulatory system maintains high blood pressure Identifying the major features of arteries, veins and capillaries
Blood, tissue fluid and lymph Guide to the composition of blood
• Features of erythrocytes Animation showing blood clotting Identifying substances involved in blood clotting
• Overview of plasma proteins and tissue fluid Guide to the formation of tissue fluid
• Lymph and the lymphatic system Matching body fluids to their composition
Summary activities Glossary of keywords in the presentation Identifying the correct spelling and definition of selected keywords in the presentation Multiple-choice quiz
Boardworks AS Biology Contents Guide
May 2008 17/19
Classification
29 slides 12 Flash activities
Taxonomy • Overview of classification
Classifying organisms according to basic similarities Timeline of major classification systems Guide to the taxonomic hierarchy
• Major characteristics of the Kingdoms Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista and Monera Ordering the eight major taxonomic ranks
Phylogeny • Overview of phylogeny
Ordering primates according to their relatedness to humans Guide to molecular systematics Identifying true-or-false statements about phylogeny
What is a species? • Biological and phylogenetic species concepts • Binomial naming
Identifying cat species using a dichotomous key Completing sentences about species
Summary activities Glossary of keywords in the presentation Identifying the correct spelling and definition of selected keywords in the presentation Multiple-choice quiz
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Boardworks AS Biology Contents Guide
May 2008 18/19
Biodiversity
39 slides 12 Flash activities
Introducing biodiversity Interactive biodiversity scene
• Overview of the main types of biodiversity • Overview of species, habits and endemism
Completing sentences about species
The importance of biodiversity Guide to biodiversity hotspots
• High and low biodiversity • Loss of biodiversity and the dangers of monoculture
Identifying areas as having high or low biodiversity
Measuring biodiversity • Importance of measuring biodiversity • Species richness and species evenness • Simpson’s Index of Diversity
Guide to calculating Simpson’s Index of Diversity Calculations involving Simpson’s Index of Diversity Matching terms relating to species diversity to their definitions Guide to different methods of obtaining biodiversity data Animation showing how quadrats can be used in random sampling
• The use of line and belt transects in sampling
Summary activities Glossary of keywords in the presentation Identifying the correct spelling and definition of selected keywords in the presentation Multiple-choice quiz
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Boardworks AS Biology Contents Guide
May 2008 19/19
Conservation
37 slides 12 Flash activities
Threats to biodiversity • Overview of conservation • Impact of rising human population on biodiversity • Mass extinctions
Guide to categories of conservation status Identifying true-or-false statements about conservation
Reasons for conservation Voting activity on the most important reasons for conservation
• Conservation for ethical and aesthetic reasons • Conservation for economic and practical reasons
Simulation of the effect of conservation on tourism • Conservation for ecological reasons
Matching statements to the reason for conservation
Mechanisms of conservation • Overview of the strategies of conservation • In situ conservation and coppicing • Ex situ conservation • Zoos and captive breeding programmes
Voting activity on whether zoos should only contain threatened animals • Botanic gardens and seed banks
Identifying examples of in situ and ex situ conservation Timeline of major global and UK conservation legislation Case study of an ecologist
Summary activities Glossary of keywords in the presentation Identifying the correct spelling and definition of selected keywords in the presentation Multiple-choice quiz
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