as 2118.6—2012 automatic fire sprinkler systemscommittee fp-004, automatic fire sprinkler...
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Combined systemsAS
AS 2118.6—2012 Automatic fire sprinkler systemsPart 6: Combined sprinkler and hydrant systems in multistorey buildings
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This Australian Standard® was prepared by Committee FP-004, Automatic Fire Sprinkler
Systems. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 25 July 2012.
This Standard was published on 21 September 2012.
The following are represented on Committee FP-004:
• Association of Consulting Engineers Australia
• Australasian Fire and Emergency Service Authorities Council
• Australian Building Codes Board
• Australian Industry Group
• Australian Institute of Building Surveyors
• Consumers Federation of Australia
• Department of Defence (Australia)
• Department of Human Services (Victoria)
• Engineers Australia
• Fire Protection Association Australia
• Independent Chairperson
• Insurance Council of Australia
• National Fire Industry Association
• Testing Interests (Australia)
This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 08142.
Standards Australia wishes to acknowledge the participation of the expert individuals that
contributed to the development of this Standard through their representation on the
Committee and through the public comment period.
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systems. To maintain their currency, all Standards are periodically reviewed, and new editions
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using a current Standard, which should include any amendments that may have been
published since the Standard was published.
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notify us immediately of any apparent inaccuracies or ambiguities. Contact us via email at
[email protected], or write to Standards Australia, GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001.
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AS 2118.6—2012
Australian Standard®
Automatic fire sprinkler systems
Part 6: Combined sprinkler and hydrant systems in multistorey buildings
Originated as AS 2118.6—1995. Second edition 2012.
COPYRIGHT
© Standards Australia Limited
All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written
permission of the publisher, unless otherwise permitted under the Copyright Act 1968.
Published by SAI Global Limited under licence from Standards Australia Limited, GPO Box
476, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia
ISBN 978 1 74342 227 4
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AS 2118.6—2012 2
PREFACE
This Standard was prepared by the Australian members of the Standards Australia
Committee FP-004, Automatic Fire Sprinkler Systems, to supersede AS 2118.6—1995,
Automatic fire sprinkler systems, Part 6: Combined sprinkler and hydrant systems.
This edition includes provision for 35 m pressure zones in addition to the 50 m pressure
zones introduced in the first (1995) edition. Detailed steps and graphs are included in
Appendix G.
The AS 2118 suite of sprinkler Standards has been restructured into two groups: Systems
(AS 2118 series) and Component (AS 4118 series). The complete series comprises the
following:
AS
2118 Automatic fire sprinkler systems
2118.1 Part 1: General systems
2118.2 Part 2: Drencher systems
2118.3 Part 3: Deluge systems
2118.4 Part 4: Sprinkler protection for accommodation buildings not exceeding four
storeys in height
2118.5 Part 5: Home fire sprinkler systems
2118.6 Part 6: Combined sprinklers and hydrant systems in multistorey buildings
(this Standard)
4118 Fire sprinkler systems
4118.1.1 Part 1.1: Components—Sprinklers and sprayers
4118.1.2 Part 1.2: Components—Alarm valves (wet)
4118.1.3 Part 1.3: Components—Water motor alarms
4118.1.4 Part 1.4: Components—Valve monitors
4118.1.5 Part 1.5: Components—Deluge and pre-action valves
4118.1.6 Part 1.6: Components—Stop valves and non-return
4118.1.7 Part 1.7: Components—Alarms valves (dry)
4118.1.8 Part 1.8: Components—Pressure-reducing valves
4118.2.1 Part 2.1: Piping—General
The use of Notes in this Standard are of an advisory nature only to give explanation or
guidance to the user on recommended design considerations or technical procedures, or to
provide an informative cross-reference to other documents or publications. Notes to clauses
in this Standard do not form a mandatory part for compliance with this Standard.
This Standard incorporates commentary on some of the clauses. The commentary
directly follows the relevant clause, is designated by ‘C’ preceding the clause number
and is printed in italics in a panel. The commentary is for information only and does not
need to be followed for compliance with the Standard.
The terms ‘normative’ and ‘informative’ have been used in the appendices of this Standard
to define the application of the appendix to which they apply. A ‘normative’ appendix is an
integral part of a Standard, whereas an ‘informative’ appendix is only for information and
guidance.
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3 AS 2118.6—2012
CONTENTS
Page
FOREWORD .............................................................................................................................. 5
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE ......................................................................................................................... 6
1.2 OBJECTIVE ................................................................................................................ 6
1.3 APPLICATION ........................................................................................................... 6
1.4 NORMATIVE REFERENCES .................................................................................... 6
1.5 DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................. 7
SECTION 2 SYSTEM DESIGN CRITERIA
2.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................... 8
2.2 LOCATION, ACCESS AND SIGNAGE ..................................................................... 8
2.3 LOCATION AND ACCESS TO FIRE MAIN ISOLATING VALVES ..................... 11
2.4 ACCESS TO FIRE HYDRANTS .............................................................................. 11
2.5 PROTECTION OF SUPPLY PIPING ........................................................................ 12
2.6 FIRE MAIN (RING) RETICULATION .................................................................... 12
2.7 PRESSURE-REDUCING VALVES .......................................................................... 13
2.8 WATER SUPPLIES .................................................................................................. 13
2.9 FIRE BRIGADE BOOSTER ..................................................................................... 15
2.10 RELAY PUMPS ........................................................................................................ 15
2.11 FIRE ALARM INITIATION ..................................................................................... 16
2.12 FIRE ALARM SIGNALLING ................................................................................... 16
2.13 FAULT MONITORING OF ISOLATING VALVES ................................................ 16
SECTION 3 PIPES, VALVES AND FITTINGS
3.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................. 17
3.2 PIPING ................................................................................................................... ... 17
3.3 VALVES, MONITORS AND BOOSTERS ............................................................... 17
SECTION 4 ACCEPTANCE TESTING
4.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................. 18
4.2 PRE-TEST PREPARATION ..................................................................................... 18
4.3 HYDROSTATIC TEST ............................................................................................. 18
4.4 PROVING OF WATER SUPPLIES .......................................................................... 18
4.5 RECORDING OF TEST RESULTS .......................................................................... 19
APPENDICES
A NORMATIVE REFERENCES .................................................................................. 20
B SYMBOLS USED IN THIS STANDARD ................................................................. 21
C TYPICAL SYSTEM LAYOUTS ............................................................................... 22
D STAIRS ..................................................................................................................... 23
E TYPICAL SPRINKLER CONTROL ASSEMBLY AND FIRE HYDRANT ............. 24
F SYSTEM SCHEMATIC ............................................................................................ 26
G TYPICAL SYSTEM PRESSURE ZONES ................................................................ 27
H PRESSURE REDUCTION ........................................................................................ 33
I WATER SUPPLIES—OPERATING PRESSURES .................................................. 34
J GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION OF HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS
FOR COMBINED SYSTEMS ................................................................................... 35
K WATER SUPPLY SOURCES ................................................................................... 63
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Page
L SYSTEM LAYOUT................................................................................................... 66
M COMBINED SPRINKLER AND HYDRANT SYSTEMS CALCULATION
OF WATER SUPPLY TANK SIZING ...................................................................... 67
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FOREWORD
The combined sprinkler and hydrant system for multistorey buildings greater than two
storeys in height is based on the principles of a common reticulation system serving both
sprinklers and hydrants. It provides an alternative design approach to the conventional
separate sprinkler and separate hydrant systems specified under AS 2118.1 and AS 2419.1
respectively. However, a combined sprinkler and hydrant system is a choice; it is not
mandatory to install a combined sprinkler and hydrant system in multistorey buildings.
Combined systems are designed and installed for economic reasons as in certain cases,
combining sprinklers and hydrants in one system is a demonstrated cost-effective measure.
AS 2118.1 incorporates provisions for combined water supplies and piping serving fire
sprinklers and fire hydrants in low-rise manufacturing and storage complexes. Such system
arrangements have proved to be cost-effective for buildings of this character.
The combined sprinkler and hydrant system is extended in this Standard, which has to be
read in conjunction with AS 2118.1 and AS 2419.1. It specifies dual water supplies and
vertical ring main supply piping arranged in pressure zones accommodating both sprinkler
and hydrant systems.
In line with AS 2118.1, this edition of AS 2118.6 includes provision for permanent on-site
signage of key installation, pumpset and pressure-reducing valve settings to facilitate
ongoing maintenance and servicing activities. It also includes provision of typical system
schematics, together with floor-specific block plans aimed at facilitating fire fighting
operations.
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STANDARDS AUSTRALIA
Australian Standard
Automatic fire sprinkler systems
Part 6: Combined sprinkler and hydrant systems in multistorey buildings
S E C T I O N 1 S C O P E A N D G E N E R A L
1.1 SCOPE
This Standard sets out minimum criteria for the design, installation and commissioning of
combined sprinkler and hydrant systems (including fire hose reels where appropriate) in
multistorey buildings greater than two storeys in height.
NOTES:
1 The installation of a combined system to this Standard is a choice; it is not mandatory to
install a combined sprinkler and hydrant sprinkler system in multistorey buildings.
2 This Standard does not apply to buildings less than three storeys in height, for example, large
floor area factories and warehouses where the sprinkler and hydrant systems are normally
provided to AS 2118.1 and AS 2419.1 respectively. Such buildings may have an in-ground
common fire ring main (see AS 2118.1).
3 This Standard should not be used for sprinkler systems classified as high hazard
(see AS 2118.1 and Appendix M).
1.2 OBJECTIVE
1.2.1 Objective of Standard
The objective of this Standard is to provide designers and installers with minimum criteria
for the design and installation of systems that combine light and ordinary hazard fire
sprinkler systems and hydrant systems in multistorey buildings greater than two storeys in
height.
1.2.2 Objective of revision
This Standard is to be referenced in BCA to replace the 1995 edition which will be
withdrawn 12 months from the date of publication of this Standard.
1.3 APPLICATION
A combined sprinkler and hydrant system to this Standard shall comply with the design
criteria of AS 2419.1 for the hydrant part of the combined system and AS 2118.1 for the
sprinkler part of the combined system.
1.4 NORMATIVE REFERENCES
The normative documents referenced in this Standard are listed in Appendix A.
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1.5 DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this Standard the definitions below apply.
1.5.1 Combined system
An integrated system of fire sprinklers and fire hydrants using combined piping reticulation
and water supplies designed to simultaneously supply sufficient water to meet the flow and
pressure requirements of both sprinkler and hydrant systems.
1.5.2 Fire main
Piping, valves, and fittings providing water supply from water sources to any sprinkler stop
valve and any fire hydrant valve complying with AS 2419.2.
1.5.3 Sprinkler control assembly
A group of sprinkler installation water supply valves comprising isolating (main stop)
valve, alarm (non-return) valve and associated drain and test valves, pressure gauges and
pressure or flow switch.
1.5.4 Sprinkler main stop valve
The main sprinkler installation water supply isolating (stop) valve forming part of a
sprinkler control assembly.
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S E C T I O N 2 S Y S T E M D E S I G N C R I T E R I A
2.1 GENERAL
A combined sprinkler and hydrant system designed in accordance with this Standard shall
comply with—
(a) applicable sections of AS 2118.1; and
(b) applicable sections of AS 2419.1;
(c) applicable sections of AS 2941.
NOTES:
1 For symbols used in this Standard, see Appendix B.
2 For a typical system design, see Appendix L.
C2.1 A combined fire system for multistorey buildings is based on the principles of a
common reticulation system serving both sprinklers and hydrants and, as a choice,
provides an alternative design approach to the conventional separate sprinkler, and
separate hydrant systems specified under AS 2118.1 and AS 2419.1 respectively. In
addition to complying with this Standard, a combined system should also comply with
AS 2118.1 for the sprinkler part, AS 2419.1 for the hydrant part and AS 2941 for
components in the combined system.
Often a combined system is chosen for economic reasons as, in certain cases, combining
sprinklers and hydrants is a cost-effective measure.
2.2 LOCATION, ACCESS AND SIGNAGE
2.2.1 Sprinkler control assemblies and fire hydrants
2.2.1.1 General
Within a building sprinkler control assemblies and fire hydrants shall be located in an
egress as provided for in the BCA.
NOTES:
1 For example, located—
(a) within a fire-isolated exit, or internally as may be required by AS 2419.1; or
(b) within a fire-isolated passageway, ramp or room directly accessible from a fire-isolated
exit.
2 Sprinkler control assemblies and fire hydrants should be located so as not obstruct the
minimum required egress width.
3 Typical locations are illustrated in Figure C1, Appendix C.
2.2.1.2 Typical locations—Positioning
Sprinkler control assemblies and fire hydrants shall be accessible for maintenance and shall
be positioned as follows:
(a) For fire hydrants, in accordance with AS 2419.1.
(b) For each sprinkler control assembly, between 1150 mm and 1800 mm from floor level
and located so as not to obstruct fire brigade access to any fire hydrant.
NOTE: A typical sprinkler control assembly and fire hydrant and a schematic of some are
illustrated in Figures E1 and E2 respectively, Appendix E.
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2.2.1.3 Egress stairs
In the case of stairs, sprinkler control assemblies shall be located where practicable such
that one stair entry provides access to all sprinkler control assemblies.
NOTE: Typical arrangements are shown in Figure D1, Appendix D.
2.2.2 Sprinkler stop valve signage
A location plate shall be affixed externally to the exit door from which access to the
sprinkler control assemblies/sprinkler stop valves can be gained.
The plate shall include the words ‘COMBINED FIRE HYDRANT AND SPRINKLER
STOP VALVE(S) INSIDE’, which shall be not less than 35 mm high and in white on a
black background.
2.2.3 System signage
The separate signage requirements of AS 2118.1, AS 2419.1 and AS 2941 shall be replaced
by a combined system signage (including the wording specified below) at the following
locations:
(a) ‘COMBINED FIRE HYDRANT AND SPRINKLER BOOSTER’ at the fire brigade
booster.
(b) ‘COMBINED FIRE HYDRANT AND SPRINKLER PUMP ROOM’ at the pump
room.
(c) ‘SPRINKLER CONTROL ASSEMBLY’ at each sprinkler valve set.
2.2.4 System schematic
A system schematic shall be provided at the following locations:
(a) The fire brigade booster(s) location.
(b) Fire control room.
(c) Fire pump room.
(d) Internally at each level providing access to sprinkler assemblies.
The system schematic shall be in the form of a permanent and waterproof diagram, and
shall contain, as a minimum, the location of the following system elements:
(i) Sprinkler control assemblies.
(ii) All water supply isolation valves.
(iii) Fire main isolation valves.
(iv) Fire hydrants.
(v) Fire hose reels where connected to the combined system.
(vi) Capacity and location of water storage tanks.
(vii) Location of pumps.
(viii) Year of installation.
(ix) Identification of the area(s) protected, related hazard classification(s), design
density(ies), and pressure and flow requirements for sprinkler and hydrant systems.
(x) Number of hydrants required to operate simultaneously.
(xi) Pressures(s) and flow(s) required for the combined system relative to the system test
points.
(xii) Location of all fire brigade booster(s).
NOTE: A typical system schematic is illustrated in Figure F1, Appendix F.
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2.2.5 Floor block plans
A floor block plan shall be provided at each control assembly on each floor and shall
include—
(a) a layout of the area each control assembly serves;
(b) the location of all isolation valves in the area served;
(c) the location of all fire hydrants and hose reels where connected to the combined
system in the area served; and
(d) the location of any pumpsets in the area served.
2.2.6 Pressure schedules and labels
2.2.6.1 General
Pressure gauge schedules, expressed in kilopascals, shall be located in each pump room.
They shall be in the form of permanent charts that are water resistant and fade resistant, and
include the following:
(a) Standing (‘no flow’) water supply pressures.
(b) Pump shut-off pressure(s).
(c) All pressure-reducing valve operating pressures, where applicable.
(d) Ring main pressure maintenance (jockey) pump cut-in and cut-out pressures.
(e) Pump cut-in pressure(s).
(f) Pump pressure-relief valve(s) operating pressure(s).
NOTE: A typical pressure gauge schedule is shown in Figure 2.2.6.
2.2.6.2 Labels—Control assemblies
Labels shall be located at each control assembly and indicate the following
(see Figure 2.2.6):
(a) Standing installation pressure downstream of control assembly.
(b) Maximum and minimum standing pressure upstream of control assembly.
2.2.6.3 Labels—Pressure-reducing stations
Labels shall be located at each pressure-reducing station and indicate the following:
(a) Upstream pressure.
(b) Downstream (reduced) pressure.
(c) Relief valve operating pressure.
2.2.7 Valve list
A water supply valve list, including valve unique number, location and whether monitored
or locked, shall be located in each pump room.
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Items Pressure kPa
Normal Minimum Maximum
First water supply
Second water supply (dual water supply only)
Electric pump delivery pressure at shut-off
(churn without water flow)
Diesel pump delivery pressure at shut-off
(churn without water flow)
System pressure-reducing valve (upstream)
System pressure-reducing valve (downstream)
Pumps Cut-in pressure
kPa
Cut-out pressure
kPa
Pressure maintenance (jockey) pump
Electric pump N/A
Diesel pump N/A
Pressure-relief valves Opening kPa Closing kPa
System pressure-reducing valve—Relief valve setting
Pump pressure-relief valve
Control assembly label
Pressure gauge—control assemblies Maximum kPa Minimum kPa
Standing installation pressure downstream of control assembly
Standing pressure upstream of control assembly
Pressure-reducing station label
Pressure-reducing valve Maximum kPa Minimum kPa
Standing pressure upstream of pressure-reducing valve
Standing pressure downstream of pressure-reducing valve
Relief valve operating pressure
FIGURE 2.2.6 TYPICAL PRESSURE SCHEDULE
2.3 LOCATION AND ACCESS TO FIRE MAIN ISOLATING VALVES
Within a building access to a fire main isolating valve shall be from within a ‘fire-isolated
exit’.
2.4 ACCESS TO FIRE HYDRANTS
Fire hydrants shall not be located within a locked enclosure. Where located in an enclosure,
hydrants shall remain accessible at all times.
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2.5 PROTECTION OF SUPPLY PIPING
Piping between the source of water supply and the ring main(s) shall be subject to the fire
resistance and mechanical protection requirements of AS 2118.1 and AS 2419.1.
2.6 FIRE MAIN (RING) RETICULATION
2.6.1 General
The combined sprinkler and hydrant system shall incorporate ring main(s) that comply with
the following:
(a) One ring for each pressure zone.
(b) The vertical piping of ring main(s) shall be located within fire isolated exits or shafts.
(c) Adjoining pressure zones shall not share common horizontal interconnections. Each
interconnection shall be located within the pressure zone it shares.
(d) The velocity in each ring main shall not exceed 4 m/s with the total flow taken in one
direction only.
(e) Ring main piping shall be not less than DN 100.
NOTES:
1 Ring main pipe sizing should be determined by hydraulic calculation in accordance with
AS 2118.1.
2 It is not intended that the ‘flow taken in one direction’ requirement of Item (d) be applied to
friction loss calculations.
3 For information on sprinkler and hydrant demand point calculations, see Appendix J.
2.6.2 Pressure zones
Pressure zones not exceeding 35 m in height shall be provided to prevent—
(a) the pressure at any sprinkler head exceeding the limitations imposed by AS 2118.1;
and
(b) the pressure at any fire hydrant exceeding the limitations imposed by AS 2419.1.
NOTE: Figures G1, G2 and G3, Appendix G, illustrate pressure zones not exceeding 35 m in
height and Figures G4, G5 and G6, Appendix G, illustrate pressure zones from 35 m to a
maximum of 50 m in height.
Where higher pressure sprinklers and hardware, including pressure-reducing hydrant valves,
are listed for higher working pressures, the pressure zones may be increased up to a
maximum of 50 m in height.
CAUTION: 50 m pressure zone arrangements require appropriate fire brigade
boosting capability. Confirm availability with attending fire brigade before
selecting this design option.
C2.6.2 The static pressure head of 35 m and the requirement for a firefighting tip
hydrant outlet pressure of 700 kPa results in pressure zones of approximately 1045 kPa.
This is consistent with the requirements of AS 2118.1 for 1200 kPa, which allows for a
safety factor for sprinklers, which are generally manufactured to working pressure of
approximately 1200 kPa. Where sprinklers are listed for higher working pressures, the
static head within a pressure zone may be increased to a maximum of 50 m, which
allows for higher pressures acceptable to the fire brigade when using pressure-reducing
valves for hydrants that limit the outlet pressure to a maximum of 1200 kPa.
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The vertical portions of the ring mains shall be located within separate fire-rated exits
(stairways) or fire-rated riser shafts. In the case of adjoining pressure zones that do not
share a common horizontal interconnection, each interconnection shall be located within its
own pressure zone.
2.6.3 Pressure zone isolating valves
Each pressure zone shall incorporate isolating valves arranged so that—
(a) not less than 75% of fire hydrants in that zone; and
(b) not less than 50% of fire hydrants at each floor level,
can remain operable upon isolation of any section of the ring main.
Isolating valves shall be monitored, as required by Clause 2.13, and located such that no
more than four storeys of sprinklers would be isolated.
NOTE: For an illustration of a typical system layout, see Appendix L.
2.6.4 Sprinkler floor-isolating valves
Each floor served by sprinklers shall be provided with a monitored isolating valve
(see Clause 2.13) so that it can be separately isolated for maintenance.
2.6.5 Sprinkler drain-down valves
Suitable sprinkler drain-down valves and drain piping shall be provided to allow for any
one level to be separately drained for maintenance. (See also Clauses 3.2 and 3.3.)
2.7 PRESSURE-REDUCING VALVES
Where pressure-reducing valves are incorporated, they shall comply with the requirements
of AS 4118.1.6, and shall be provided with a monitored isolating valve, as required by
Clause 2.13, on each side of the pressure-reducing valve.
NOTE: For an illustration of a pressure-reducing station layout, see Figure H1, Appendix H.
2.8 WATER SUPPLIES
2.8.1 General
All combined sprinkler and hydrant systems shall be provided with at least one water
supply (single supply) arranged to facilitate verification testing (see AS 2118.1).
Systems that are installed in buildings exceeding 25 m in effective height shall be provided
with two acceptable water supplies (dual supply).
Except as provided for in this Standard, the duration and capacity of the water supply for
tanks shall be the combination of that required in AS 2118.1 and AS 2419.1.
Where connections are made to town mains water supplies (direct or indirect from tanks),
the installation shall comply with AS/NZS 3500.1 for cross-connection control and
backflow prevention.
NOTE: For typical water supply and valve arrangements, see Appendix K.
A combined sprinkler and hydrant system shall have—
(a) a minimum operating pressure of 700 kPa at the highest hydrant of each zone; and
(b) a maximum operating pressure of 1200 kPa at the bottom of each 35 m high zone; or
(c) an operating pressure not exceeding the maximum working pressure of high pressure
sprinklers or reducing hydrant valves, whichever is the lesser at the bottom of each
50 m high zone.
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CAUTION: 50 m pressure zone arrangements require appropriate fire brigade
boosting capability. Confirm availability with attending fire brigade before
selecting this design option.
Where pumps are installed, the ‘cut-in’ pressure setting(s) shall be a minimum of the duty
point of the highest hydrant or the duty point of the most hydraulically disadvantaged
sprinklers.
NOTE: See Figure I1, Appendix I.
2.8.2 Combined system pressure
Where the town water supply cannot provide the required pressure for the combined system,
not less than two pumps shall be provided in accordance with AS 2118.1 and AS 2419.1.
2.8.3 Combined system flow
The combined system water flow rate shall be the aggregate of the fire hydrant flow in
accordance with the requirements of AS 2419.1, and the sprinkler flow in accordance with
the requirements of AS 2118.1.
Where the acceptable source of supply (e.g. a town main water supply) is not capable of
providing the combined flow rate, additional on-site water storage shall be provided.
NOTES:
1 For water supply tank sizing, see Appendix M.
2 For worked examples, see Appendix J.
2.8.4 Supply-demand graph
A graphic representation of the complete hydraulic characteristics of the combined system
and each water supply shall be plotted for each pressure zone on semi exponential graph
paper (N1.85).
NOTE: For worked examples, see Appendix J.
2.8.5 Source, capacity and duration of an acceptable water supply
The system water supply shall be sourced from one of the following:
(a) One on-site storage tank (single water supply) or two separate or compartmented
storage tanks (dual water supply, see Clause 2.8.1). Each single water supply tank
(break tank) capacity shall be not less than one-third of that required for the combined
flow for the specified period, subject to the provision of automatic inflow to make up
for the reduction within the specified period. Dual or compartmented dual water
supply tanks capacity shall each be not less than two-thirds of that required for the
combined flow for the specified period, without the provision of automatic make-up
inflow.
Notwithstanding any calculated tank capacity, the minimum sprinkler component for
each tank supply shall be 25 000 L and the minimum hydrant component shall be
25 000 L; that is, no combined system tank shall have a capacity of less than
50 000 L. No two tanks for a dual supply system shall have a combined capacity of
less than 100 000 L.
(b) One town main (single water supply) or two town mains (dual water supply) that form
part of an interconnected town main system. For a single water supply, the town main
shall be capable of providing water to the installation at the necessary pressure and
flow to permit proper operation, with or without pumps. For a dual water supply, each
town main shall be capable of providing water to the installation at the necessary
pressure and flow to permit proper operation, with or without pumps, and stop valves
shall be arranged so that, in the event of a failure of one town main within the overall
system, the other supply remains operative.
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(c) For a dual water supply, one town main and one on-site storage tank of two-thirds
capacity of that required for the combined flow for the specified period, without the
provision of automatic inflow to compensate for the reduced tank capacity. Each
supply shall be capable of providing water at the necessary pressure and flow to
permit proper operation with or without pumps.
(d) For a single water supply, one on-site break tank of one-third capacity of that
required for the combined flow, subject to the provision of automatic inflow to make
up for the reduction within the specified period.
Notwithstanding any calculated tank capacity, the minimum sprinkler component for each
tank supply shall be 25 000 L and the minimum hydrant component shall be 25 000 L; that
is, no combined system tank shall have a capacity of less than 50 000 L.
NOTES:
1 For typical water supply source illustrations, see Figures K1, K2 and K3, Appendix K.
2 For tank capacity calculations, see Appendix M.
3 The system water supplies should be capable of providing the maximum flow rate of the
combined systems. Appendix J provides methods for determination of supply demand.
4 The town main system should be fed from a source of at least 1 ML.
5 Except where varied by this Standard where a tank is required, its capacity should be for the
sprinkler system as specified in AS 2118.1 and for the hydrant system as specified in
AS 2419.1.
2.8.6 Fire brigade tank suction connections
Except where suction tank capacity exceeds that required for 60 min combined system flow,
fire brigade tank suction connections are not permitted.
C2.8.6 Combined system tanks are sized to provide hydrant water for a limited flow
first attack only, after which all hydrant water should come from the off-site hydrant
supply via the fire brigade booster facility.
2.8.7 Fire mains (feed)
A separate fire main (feed) shall supply each zone.
NOTE: See Figures G1, G2, G4 and G5, Appendix G.
In the case of systems using pressure-reducing arrangements, duplicate fire mains (feed)
shall supply the highest pressure zone.
NOTE: See Figure G3 and G6, Appendix G.
2.9 FIRE BRIGADE BOOSTER
The system shall be provided with a fire hydrant booster assembly in accordance with the
requirements of AS 2419.1. The number of feed fire hydrants and booster inlets shall
provide for the combined system demand.
NOTE: For a typical system layout incorporating fire brigade booster connections. See Figure L1,
Appendix L.
2.10 RELAY PUMPS
The system shall be provided with relay pumps in accordance with the requirements of
AS 2419.1. Relay pumps shall provide for the combined system demand.
CAUTION: 50 m pressure zone arrangements require appropriate fire brigade
boosting capability. Confirm availability with attending fire brigade before
selecting this design option.
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2.11 FIRE ALARM INITIATION
The sprinkler fire alarm shall be initiated via a flow switch or pressure switch and arranged
in accordance with the requirements of AS 2118.1.
2.12 FIRE ALARM SIGNALLING
Alarm signalling equipment shall comply with AS 4428.6. Each fire alarm initiating device,
in accordance with AS 2118.1 and shall be wired to a fire indicator panel (FIP). The
location of the FIP shall be in accordance with the requirements of AS 1670.1. Upon
actuation of the sprinkler system, an alarm signal shall be automatically transmitted to an
alarm monitoring and dispatch centre in accordance with AS 1670.3 and AS 2118.1.
The sprinkler alarm on each floor shall provide a separate indication at the FIP, clearly
identified as a sprinkler alarm for that particular floor.
Wiring between each switch and the FIP shall be Classification of not less than WS52W to
AS/NZS 3013.
2.13 FAULT MONITORING OF ISOLATING VALVES
Each sprinkler isolating valve, fire main isolating valve and any valve capable of isolating
the water supply to the system, shall be monitored separately at the FIP. Monitoring shall
comply with the requirements of AS 2118.1 and AS 2419.1.
The following isolating valves shall be monitored:
(a) Pressure zone isolating valves as required by Clause 2.6.3.
(b) Sprinkler floor-isolating valves as required by Clause 2.6.4.
(c) Isolating valves provided either side of pressure-reducing valve as required by
Clause 2.7.
(d) Any valve capable of isolating the water supply to the system.
NOTE: Valves required as a condition of connection to a water main by the water authority are
excluded from the provisions of this Clause.
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S E C T I O N 3 P I P E S , V A L V E S A N D F I T T I N G S
3.1 GENERAL
Pipes, valves and fittings shall comply with the requirements of AS 2118.1, AS 2419.1 and
AS 4118 series.
NOTE: Piping, valves and fittings should be appropriately rated to ensure that they are capable of
withstanding the pressures to which they will be subjected during commissioning, normal
operation, testing and fire brigade operations.
3.2 PIPING
3.2.1 Fire main and fittings
Fire mains and fittings shall meet the requirements of AS 2419.1.
3.2.2 Sprinkler pipe and fittings
Piping and fittings downstream of the sprinkler control assembly stop valve shall meet the
requirements of AS 2118.1.
3.3 VALVES, MONITORS AND BOOSTERS
Valves and ancillaries in the system shall comply with the requirements of AS 4118 series
as follows:
(a) Stop valves and non-return valves shall comply with the requirements of
AS 4118.1.6.
(b) Pressure-reducing valves shall comply with the requirements of AS 4118.1.8.
(c) Valve monitors shall comply with the requirements of AS 4118.1.4.
(d) Hydrant valves shall comply with AS 2419.2.
(e) Hydrant/sprinkler booster assemblies shall comply with the requirements of
AS 2419.3.
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S E C T I O N 4 A C C E P T A N C E T E S T I N G
4.1 GENERAL
The tests detailed in this Section shall be conducted at the acceptance testing and
commissioning stage.
NOTES:
1 A combined system to this Standard should be designed so that the water used for acceptance
testing and maintenance of the system is not wasted, rather it is re-used for some useful
purpose. In the case where on-site water storage is part of the system, the water used for
acceptance testing and maintenance of the system should be returned to the storage tank, or
used to augment rainwater supplies or for other site uses.
2 The water used for testing should not be used for domestic purposes such as human
consumption.
4.2 PRE-TEST PREPARATION
Upon completion, a combined system shall be flushed to remove any debris that may have
accumulated within the pipework during construction of the installation. All required
cabinets, doors, hold-open devices, signs, plans, padlocks, straps and any required on-site
documentation shall be complete.
4.3 HYDROSTATIC TEST
The ring main shall be tested to not less than 1700 kPa at the lowest level of the pipework
or 1.5 times the maximum working pressure, whichever is the greater, at the highest hydrant
in each pressure zone, whichever results in the greater testing pressure. The test shall be
applied for a duration of not less than 2 h.
4.4 PROVING OF WATER SUPPLIES
Flow tests shall be carried out to prove that the water supply is capable of meeting the
combined flow and pressure requirements of the system.
Performance testing (on-site proving of system design flow and pressure) shall be based on
the requirements of combined sprinkler and hydrant demand at the hydraulically most
unfavourable and favourable locations.
The flow-measuring device shall be either a proprietary device installed in accordance with
the manufacturer’s instructions, or a differential device manufactured and installed in
accordance with the requirements of AS 2941.
The flow-measuring device shall be installed at any point on the system downstream of the
datum point to which the hydraulic calculations are referenced. The test pressure gauge
shall be installed at or immediately adjacent to the system hydraulic calculation datum point
(see Note 1). Alternatively, flow measurement may be achieved by means of measuring
equipment attached to the most hydraulically disadvantaged hydrant valve.
NOTES:
1 For typical locations, see Appendix G.
2 Test water discharged through fire hydrants should be returned to tank via temporary hose
connections or similar means.
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Alternative locations for flow tests (on-site proving of system design flow and pressure)
shall be based on a single fire scenario for combined simultaneous sprinkler and hydrant
operation at the most hydraulically unfavourable location, referred to as—
(a) the storey (fire compartment) where served from a single sprinkler control valve
assembly, or
(b) the storey (fire compartment) and at the most hydraulically unfavourable sprinkler
control valve location, where multiple sprinkler control assemblies are serving that
storey as separate installations.
Where more than one hazard class is involved, whether on the same or separate
installations, testing facilities shall be provided to enable the full range of flows to be
measured.
In systems drawing from a pump suction tank, except where hydraulically precluded due to
tank elevation, waste water from the water supply flow test, pressure-relief, and circulation
relief facilities shall be piped to the tank.
NOTES:
1 Typical return-to-tank arrangements are illustrated in Appendix G.
2 When water supplies are marginal, care should be taken to ensure that pressure losses in the
drainpipe are not so high as to restrict the flow across the testing facility.
3 The discharge of water for testing of the hydrants via fire authority hoses is subject to the
relevant authority of the various State authorities (e.g. council, water or environmental
authorities). Where water discharge is not permitted at roof or street level according to the
required hydraulically disadvantaged location, proving of water supply/pressure by prior
alternative arrangement with all relevant authorities will be necessary.
C4.4 Where pumps are installed, the hydraulic calculation datum is usually at the
pump discharge and it is often more convenient to install the flow-measuring device
somewhere on the pumped supply, upstream of the pump discharge non-return valve.
This has the advantage of preventing backflow from the installation, increasing the flow
readings during testing. In all cases, care should be taken to ensure that the test results
are not distorted by such backflow.
4.5 RECORDING OF TEST RESULTS
Test results shall be recorded in accordance with the requirements of AS 2118.1, and
AS 2419.1.
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AS 2118.6—2012 20
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APPENDIX A
NORMATIVE REFERENCES
(Normative)
AS
1670 Fire detection, warning control and intercom systems—System design,
installation and commissioning
1670.1 Part 1: Fire
1670.3 Part 3: Fire alarm monitoring
2118—1999 Automatic fire sprinkler systems
2118.1 Part 1: General systems
2419 Fire hydrant installations
2419.1 Part 1: System design, installation and commissioning
2419.2 Part 2: Fire hydrant valves
2419.3 Part 3: Fire brigade booster connections
2941 Fixed fire protection installations—Pumpset systems
4118 Fire sprinkler systems (all parts)
AS/NZS
3013 Electrical installations—Classification of the fire and mechanical performance
of wiring system elements
3500 Plumbing and drainage
3500.1 Part 1: Water services
HB
20 Graphical symbols for fire protection drawings
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APPENDIX B
SYMBOLS USED IN THIS STANDARD
(Normative)
Sprinkler control assembly
Pressure switch
Pressure gauge
Pump (general symbol )
Non-return valve (di rect ion of f low )
Stop valve—normal ly c losed
Stop valve—normal ly open
Stop valve—normal ly c losed (monitored)
Stop valve—normal ly open (monitored)
P
S
PS
FS
Fire br igade booster va lve in lets
Fire hydrant
Float va lve
Pressure-reducing valve—
Pressure-re l ief va lve
Relay pumpsetRP
Low pressure
M
M
High pressure
Flow switch
Flow measur ing connect ion
Spr ink ler
Spr ink lers
FIGURE B1 LEGEND OF SYMBOLS
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APPENDIX C
TYPICAL SYSTEM LAYOUTS
(Informative)
S
S
S
Minimum requiredegress widthMinimum requiredegress width
Spr ink ler controlassemblySpr ink ler controlassembly
Fire main (r ing)Fire main (r ing)
Fire main (r ing)Fire main (r ing)
(c) Within a sta i r recess
(b) Within f i re-resistant room accessed f rom sta i r
To spr ink lers
Unlocked hydrant cabinetUnlocked hydrant cabinet
Secur i ty cabinet ( i f required)Secur i ty cabinet ( i f required)
(a) Within sta i r
Spr ink ler control assemblysecur i ty ( i f required)Spr ink ler control assemblysecur i ty ( i f required)
To spr ink lers
To spr ink lers
Unlocked accessUnlocked access
Spr ink ler control assemblysecur i ty ( i f required)Spr ink ler control assemblysecur i ty ( i f required)
Minimum requiredegress widthMinimum requiredegress width
Fire main (r ing)Fire main (r ing)
NOTE: See Clause 2.2.1.
FIGURE C1 LOCATIONS OF SPRINKLER CONTROL ASSEMBLIES
AND FIRE HYDRANTS
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APPENDIX D
STAIRS
(Informative)
NOTE: See Clause 2.2.1.
FIGURE D1 ARANGEMENTS OF SPRINKLER CONTROL ASSEMBLIES
AND FIRE HYDRANTS WITHIN STAIRS
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APPENDIX E
TYPICAL SPRINKLER CONTROL ASSEMBLY AND FIRE HYDRANT
(Informative)
P
P
Combined main pressuregaugeCombined main pressuregauge
Annubar f low testat highest f loor of zone i f f low test cannot be achievedthrough the hydrant
Annubar f low testat highest f loor of zone i f f low test cannot be achievedthrough the hydrant
DN 40 system gateor bal l dra in valve( locked closed)
DN 40 system gateor bal l dra in valve( locked closed)
Secure cabineti f required.Sign wr i te ’spr ink lercontrol va lve’
Secure cabineti f required.Sign wr i te ’spr ink lercontrol va lve’
Monitored but ter f ly orbal l va lve (main spr ink lerstop valve)
Monitored but ter f ly orbal l va lve (main spr ink lerstop valve)
Non-return valveNon-return valve
Manual test bypassDN 15 gate or bal lva lve locked closed
Manual test bypassDN 15 gate or bal lva lve locked closed
DN 20 gate or bal lva lve normal ly openDN 20 gate or bal lva lve normal ly open
System pressureor f low switchSystem pressureor f low switch
System pressure gaugeSystem pressure gauge
1150 mm to 1800 mm1150 mm to 1800 mm
750 mm to 1200 mm750 mm to 1200 mm
DN 50 spr ink lersystem waste and test dra in
DN 50 spr ink lersystem waste and test dra in
Feed to spr ink lersystem distr ibut ionpipework
Feed to spr ink lersystem distr ibut ionpipework
Block plan andemergencyinstruct ions on wal lor mounted on doorinside cabinet
Block plan andemergencyinstruct ions on wal lor mounted on doorinside cabinet
DN 40 inspect ionplugDN 40 inspect ionplug
DN 65 hydrantDN 65 hydrant
Combined hydrantand spr ink ler systemfi re main
Combined hydrantand spr ink ler systemfi re main
DN 20 solenoidf loor- test va lve,operated f rom f i recontrol room
DN 20 solenoidf loor- test va lve,operated f rom f i recontrol room
NOTE: See Clause 2.2.1.
FIGURE E1 TYPICAL SPRINKLER CONTROL ASSEMBLY AND FIRE HYDRANT
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NOTE: See Clause 2.2.1.
FIGURE E2 TYPICAL SPRINKLER CONTROL ASSEMBLY
AND FIRE HYDRANT SCHEMATIC
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APPENDIX F
SYSTEM SCHEMATIC
(Informative)
NOTE: See Clauses 2.2.4.
FIGURE F1 TYPICAL SYSTEM SCHEMATIC FOR A COMBINED SPRINKLER
AND HYDRANT SYSTEM
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APPENDIX G
TYPICAL SYSTEM PRESSURE ZONES
(Informative)
See Figures E1 and E2,Appendix E
See Appendix K
Zone height35 m max.
( typical )
S
S
S
1200 kPa max.
700 kPa min.
S
M M
M
M
M
MM
RP
M M
M
M
M
MM
M M
M
M
M
MM
M M
M
M
M
MMM
M
ZONE A
ZONE B
ZONE C
ZONE D
Relay boosterpump as required
M
M
RP RP
Mult i-stagepumps or
s imi lararrangement
NOTE: For typical system supply and demand calculations, see Paragraph J2.1, Appendix J, and Clause 2.6.2.
FIGURE G1 SYSTEM—35 m ZONE PRESSURE CONTROL—SCHEME 1
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See Appendix K
Test return
See FiguresE1 and E2,
Appendix E
Pumps� zone A only
Dual water supply(two 2/3 capacity tanks)
Zone height35 m max. ( typical )
S
700 kPamin.
1200 kPamax.
S
S
Relay boosterpump as required SRP
M M
MM
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
Breaktanks
ZONE A
M
ZONE B
M
ZONE C
M
ZONE D
M
M
MM M
M M
MM
M
M
Pumps� zoneB only
RP RP
Test return
NOTE: For typical system supply and demand calculations, see Paragraph J2.2, Appendix J, and Clause 2.6.2.
FIGURE G2 SYSTEM—35 m ZONE PRESSURE CONTROL—SCHEME 2
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See Appendix K
See Appendix K
See FiguresE1 and E2, Appendix E
Test returnAlternat ive water supply(two 2/3 capacity tanks)
Pressure controlstat ion (typical ),see Figure H1,Appendix H
RP
S
S
S
S
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
MM
MM
M
ZONE A
ZONE B
ZONE C
ZONE D
M
Relay boosterpump as required
M
M 700 kPa min.
1200 kPa max.
M
M
RP RP
Zone height 35 m max.
( typical )
NOTE: For typical system supply and demand calculations, see Paragraph J2.3, Appendix J, and Clause 2.6.2.
FIGURE G3 SYSTEM—35 m ZONE PRESSURE CONTROL—SCHEME 3
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CAUTION: 50 m pressure zone arrangements require appropriate fire brigade
boosting capability. Confirm availability with attending fire brigade before
selecting this design option.
NOTE: For typical system supply and demand calculations, see Paragraph J2.4, Appendix J, and Clause 2.6.2.
FIGURE G4 SYSTEM—50 m ZONE PRESSURE CONTROL—SCHEME 4
FPAA – reproduced with the permission of Standards Australia under licence CL0610fpa
31 AS 2118.6—2012
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CAUTION: 50 m pressure zone arrangements require appropriate fire brigade
boosting capability. Confirm availability with attending fire brigade before
selecting this design option.
NOTE: For typical system supply and demand calculations, see Paragraph J2.5, Appendix J, and Clause 2.6.2.
FIGURE G5 SYSTEM—50 m ZONE PRESSURE CONTROL—SCHEME 5
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AS 2118.6—2012 32
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CAUTION: 50 m pressure zone arrangements require appropriate fire brigade
boosting capability. Confirm availability with attending fire brigade before
selecting this design option.
NOTE: For typical system supply and demand calculations, see Paragraph J2.6, Appendix J, and Clause 2.6.2.
FIGURE G6 SYSTEM—50 m ZONE PRESSURE CONTROL—SCHEME 6
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APPENDIX H
PRESSURE REDUCTION
(Informative)
Drain
LEGEND:1 = Pressure-reducing valve (PRV )2 = Monitored f i re main isolat ion valves3 = Pressure-re l ief va lve 15 mm (set 50 kPa above the operat ing pressure of the PRV )4 = ‘Y’ type stra iner5 = Pressure gauge 6 = Test /dra in valve 40 mm—normal ly c losed7 = Isolat ion valve—normal ly open
23
To system test drain
6
High pressure
Fire main (r ing)
1
2
4
P
5
P
5
Low pressure
M
M7
System f low
NOTE: See Clause 2.7.
FIGURE H1 TYPICAL PRESSURE-REDUCING STATION
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AS 2118.6—2012 34
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APPENDIX I
WATER SUPPLIES—OPERATING PRESSURES
(Informative)
NOTES:
1 Highest sprinkler system duty required at the pump is 550 kPa. Therefore, this is the lowest pressure at
which an auto-start pump can be set. Highest hydrant system duty required at the pump is 1050 kPa. This
pressure can be ignored for auto start of the hydrant system as the sprinklers are likely to operate before
the hydrant system is required and consequentially start the pump. If this is not the case, the fire brigade
using the system will manually start the pump or boost with their appliances as required.
2 See Clause 2.8.1.
FIGURE I1 TYPICAL SYSTEM PRESSURE SETTINGS
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APPENDIX J
GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION OF HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS FOR
COMBINED SYSTEMS
(Informative)
J1 SCOPE
J1.1 General
This Appendix provides typical worked examples of and sets out the method for
determining supply demand graphs for combined sprinkler and hydrant systems. It is not
envisaged that hose reels, if connected to the system, would be used simultaneously with
the sprinklers and hydrants and, therefore, are not included in these graphs.
J1.2 Graph methodology
Graphs are to be drawn on supply/demand (N1.85) graph sheets using the principles
described in AS 2118.1 for graphic representation of hydraulic characteristics. To produce
the combined systems demand curve, it is necessary to add the sprinkler flow to the hydrant
flow at a given pressure, as shown in Figure J1. The hydrant/sprinkler demand point is the
intersection of the system friction loss curve and the combined hydrant/sprinkler demand
curve as shown in Figure J1.
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FIG
UR
E
J1
T
YP
ICA
L S
UP
PL
Y G
RA
PH
ME
TH
OD
OL
OG
Y
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J2 SYSTEM SUPPLY-DEMAND CALCULATIONS
J2.1 Scheme 1—Zones A, B, C and D—35 m maximum zone height
For systems with separate supplies for each pressure zone up to 35 m high as depicted in
Figure G1 (Scheme 1), the following method should be used:
(a) Using full hydraulic calculation, as described in AS 2118.1, calculate the friction loss
from the pump to the number of hydrants required to be operating at the flow required
by Section 2 of AS 2419.1 for the highest and lowest hydrants on each pressure zone.
If any floor in the zone requires more hydrants operating than the number on the
highest or lowest floors, these should also be calculated.
(b) Using full hydraulic calculation, as described in AS 2118.1, calculate the friction loss
from the pump to the most unfavourable and favourable operating areas of the
sprinkler systems for the highest and lowest floors on each pressure zone. If any floor
in the zone has a higher hazard or different pipe arrangement than the highest or
lowest floors, these should also be calculated.
(c) Plot the demand points and system demand curves calculated above, as shown in
Figures J2, J3, J4 and J5, using the principles described in ‘graphic representation of
hydraulic characteristics’ in AS 2118.1.
(d) From the hydrant and sprinkler systems demand curves, the demand point of the
combined systems may be calculated as the crossing point of the curves for each floor
as depicted in Figures J2, J3, J4 and J6. The highest combined flow/pressure demand
point is the demand point of the zone. This may not be the highest floor if one of the
lower floors has a larger number of hydrants operating or a higher sprinkler hazard
than the highest floor.
(e) The water supply curves can now be added by selecting suitable pumps and
equipment to achieve curves that do not exceed the 1200 kPa maximum limit on the
lowest hydrant, exceed the demand points by more than 50 kPa and achieve the
maximum flow rate of the system as shown in Figures J2, J3, J4 and J5. It should be
noted that fluctuations between maximum and minimum pressures of the supply
curves should be minimal to achieve a workable system.
The water supply needs to be capable of providing the highest maximum flow rate of any
zone that is the crossing point of the flattest combined sprinkler and hydrant system demand
curve and the maximum water supply curve.
If computer software that is capable of adding the constant flow of the hydrant points to the
sprinkler calculation is used to produce the demand points and the system demand curves,
then the graphs can be drawn without the individual sprinkler and hydrant demand points
and curves.
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FIG
UR
E
J2
T
YP
ICA
L S
CH
EM
E 1
ZO
NE
A S
UP
PL
Y
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39 AS 2118.6—2012
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FIG
UR
E
J3
T
YP
ICA
L S
CH
EM
E 1
ZO
NE
B S
UP
PL
Y
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FIG
UR
E
J4
T
YP
ICA
L S
CH
EM
E 1
ZO
NE
C S
UP
PL
Y
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41 AS 2118.6—2012
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FIG
UR
E
J5
T
YP
ICA
L S
CH
EM
E 1
ZO
NE
D S
UP
PL
Y
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J2.2 Scheme 2—Zones A, B, C and D—35 m maximum zone height
For systems using cascade tanks, pumps and break tanks to feed each zone up to 35 m high
as depicted in Figure G2 (Scheme 2), the following method should be used:
(a) Using full hydraulic calculation, as described in AS 2118.1, calculate the friction loss
from the pump to the number of hydrants required to be operating at the flow required
by Section 2 of AS 2419.1 for the highest and lowest hydrants in pressure zones A
and B. If any floor in the zone requires more hydrants operating than the number on
the highest or lowest floors, these should also be calculated.
(b) Using full hydraulic calculation, as described in AS 2118.1, calculate the friction loss
from the tank outlet to the number of hydrants required to be operating at the flow
required by Section 2 of AS 2419.1 for the highest and lowest hydrants in pressure
zones C and D. If any floor in the zone requires more hydrants operating than the
number on the highest or lowest floors, these should also be calculated.
(c) Using full hydraulic calculation, as described in AS 2118.1, calculate the friction loss
from the pump to the most unfavourable and favourable operating areas of the
sprinkler systems for the highest and lowest floors in pressure zones A and B. If any
floor in the zone has a higher hazard or different pipe arrangement than the highest or
lowest floors, these should also be calculated.
(d) By full hydraulic calculation, as described in AS 2118.1, calculate the friction loss
from the tank outlet to the most unfavourable and favourable operating areas of the
sprinkler systems for the highest and lowest floors in pressure zones C and D. If any
floor in the zone has a higher hazard or different pipe arrangement than the highest or
lowest floors, these should also be calculated.
(e) Plot the demand points and system demand curves calculated above, as shown in
Figures J6, J7, J8 and J9, using the principles described in ‘graphic representation of
hydraulic characteristics’ in AS 2118.1.
(f) From the hydrant and sprinkler system demand curves, the demand point of the
combined systems may be calculated as the crossing point of the curves for each floor
as depicted in Figures J6, J7, J8 and J9. The highest combined flow/pressure demand
point is the demand point of the zone. This may not be the highest floor if one of the
lower floors has a higher number of hydrants operating or a higher sprinkler hazard
than the highest floor.
(g) The water supply curves for zones A and B can now be added by selecting suitable
pumps and equipment to achieve curves that do not exceed the 1200 kPa maximum
limit on the lowest hydrant, exceed the demand points by more than 50 kPa and
achieve the maximum flow rate of the system as shown in Figures J6 and J7. It should
be noted that fluctuations between maximum and minimum pressures, due to tank
height, of the supply curves should be minimal to achieve a workable system.
The water supply curves for zones C and D are the zero pressure line at the tank outlet for
the minimum and the static height of the tank for the maximum.
The water supply needs to be capable of providing the highest maximum flow rate of any
zone that is the crossing point of the lowest system demand curve and the maximum water
supply curve.
If computer software that is capable of adding the constant flow of the hydrant points to the
sprinkler calculation is used to produce the demand points and the system demand curves,
then the graphs may be drawn without the individual sprinkler and hydrant demand points
and curves.
FPAA – reproduced with the permission of Standards Australia under licence CL0610fpa
43 AS 2118.6—2012
www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia
FIG
UR
E
J6
T
YP
ICA
L S
CH
EM
E 2
ZO
NE
A S
UP
PL
Y
FPAA – reproduced with the permission of Standards Australia under licence CL0610fpa
AS 2118.6—2012 44
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FIG
UR
E
J7
T
YP
ICA
L S
CH
EM
E 2
ZO
NE
B S
UP
PL
Y
FPAA – reproduced with the permission of Standards Australia under licence CL0610fpa
45 AS 2118.6—2012
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FIG
UR
E
J8
T
YP
ICA
L S
CH
EM
E 2
ZO
NE
C S
UP
PL
Y
FPAA – reproduced with the permission of Standards Australia under licence CL0610fpa
AS 2118.6—2012 46
© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au
FIG
UR
E
J9
T
YP
ICA
L S
CH
EM
E 2
ZO
NE
D S
UP
PL
Y
FPAA – reproduced with the permission of Standards Australia under licence CL0610fpa
47 AS 2118.6—2012
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J2.3 Scheme 3—Zones A, B, C and D—35 m maximum zone height
For systems using pumps to feed the highest zone up to 35 m high and pressure-
reducing/ratio valves to feed the lower zones up to 35 m high as depicted in Figure G3
(Scheme 3), the following method should be used:
(a) Using full hydraulic calculation, as described in AS 2118.1, calculate the friction loss
from the pump to the number of hydrants required to be operating at the flow required
by Section 2 of AS 2419.1 for the highest and lowest hydrants in pressure zone A. If
any floor in the zone requires more hydrants operating than the number on the highest
or lowest floors, these should also be calculated.
(b) Using full hydraulic calculation, as described in AS 2118.1, calculate the friction loss
from the pressure reducing valve (PRV) outlets to the number of hydrants required to
be operating at the flow required by Section 2 of AS 2419.1 for the highest and
lowest hydrants in pressure zones B, C and D. If any floor in the zone requires more
hydrants operating than the number on the highest or lowest floors, these should also
be calculated.
(c) Using full hydraulic calculation, as described in AS 2118.1, calculate the friction loss
from the pump to the most unfavourable and favourable operating areas of the
sprinkler systems for the highest and lowest floors in pressure zone A. If any floor in
the zone has a higher hazard or different pipe arrangement than the highest or lowest
floors, these should also be calculated.
(d) By full hydraulic calculation, as described in AS 2118.1, calculate the friction loss
from the PRV outlets to the most unfavourable and favourable operating areas of the
sprinkler systems for the highest and lowest floors in pressure zones B, C and D. If
any floor in the zone has a higher hazard or different pipe arrangement than the
highest or lowest floors, these should also be calculated.
(e) Plot the demand points and system demand curves calculated above, as shown in
Figures J10, J11, J12 and J13, using the principles described in ‘graphic
representation of hydraulic characteristics’ in AS 2118.1.
(f) From the hydrant and sprinkler system demand curves, the duty of the combined
systems may be calculated as the crossing point of the curves for each floor as
depicted in Figures J10, J11, J12 and J13. The highest combined flow/pressure
demand point is the demand point of the zone. This may not be the highest floor if
one of the lower floors has a higher number of hydrants operating or a higher
sprinkler hazard than the highest floor.
(g) The water supply curves for zone A can now be added by selecting suitable pumps
and equipment to achieve a curves that do not exceed the 1200 kPa maximum limit on
the lowest hydrant, exceeds the demand points by more than 50 kPa and achieves the
maximum flow rate of any zone of the system as shown in Figures J10, J11, J12
and J13. It should be noted that fluctuations between maximum and minimum
pressures of the supply curves should be minimal to achieve a workable system.
The water supply curves for zones B, C and D can now be added by calculating the pressure
flow available at the inlet to the PRV accounting for static head gain and friction loss,
reduced by the ratio or the setting of the PRV ratio valves are shown in the Figures. Set
pressure-reducing valves would be similar except the 50 kPa margin would not be
applicable.
The water supply needs to be capable of providing the highest maximum flow rate of any
zone that is the crossing point of the lowest system demand curve and the maximum water
supply curve.
FPAA – reproduced with the permission of Standards Australia under licence CL0610fpa
AS 2118.6—2012 48
© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au
If computer software that is capable of adding the constant flow of the hydrant points to the
sprinkler calculation is used to produce the demand points and the system demand curves,
the graphs can be drawn without the individual sprinkler and hydrant demand points and
curves.
FIG
UR
E
J1
0
TY
PIC
AL
SC
HE
ME
3 Z
ON
E A
SU
PP
LY
FPAA – reproduced with the permission of Standards Australia under licence CL0610fpa
49 AS 2118.6—2012
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FIG
UR
E
J1
1
TY
PIC
AL
SC
HE
ME
3 Z
ON
E B
SU
PP
LY
FPAA – reproduced with the permission of Standards Australia under licence CL0610fpa
AS 2118.6—2012 50
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FIG
UR
E
J1
2
TY
PIC
AL
SC
HE
ME
3 Z
ON
E C
SU
PP
LY
FPAA – reproduced with the permission of Standards Australia under licence CL0610fpa
51 AS 2118.6—2012
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FIG
UR
E
J1
3
TY
PIC
AL
SC
HE
ME
3 Z
ON
E D
SU
PP
LY
FPAA – reproduced with the permission of Standards Australia under licence CL0610fpa
AS 2118.6—2012 52
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J2.4 Scheme 4—Zones A and B—50 m maximum zone height (see CAUTION
statement, Clause 2.6.2(c))
For systems with separate supplies for each pressure zone up to 50 m high as depicted in
Figure G4 (Scheme 4) the following method should be used:
(a) Using full hydraulic calculation, as described in AS 2118.1, calculate the friction loss
from the pump to the number of hydrants required to be operating at the flow as
required by AS 2419.1 for the highest and lowest hydrants on each pressure zone. If
any floor in the zone requires more hydrants operating than the number on the highest
or lowest floors, these should also be calculated.
(b) Using full hydraulic calculation, as described in AS 2118.1, calculate the friction loss
from the pump to the most unfavourable and favourable operating areas of the
sprinkler systems for the highest and lowest floors on each pressure zone. If any floor
in the zone has a higher hazard or different pipe arrangement than the highest or
lowest floors, these should also be calculated.
(c) Plot the demand points and system demand curves calculated above, as shown in
Figures J14 and J15, using the principles described in ‘graphic representation of
hydraulic characteristics’ in AS 2118.1.
(d) From the hydrant and sprinkler system demand curves, the demand point of the
combined systems may be calculated as the crossing point of the curves for each floor
as depicted in Figures J14 and J15. The highest combined flow/pressure demand point
is the demand point of the zone. This may not be the highest floor if one of the lower
floors has a higher number of hydrants operating or a higher sprinkler hazard than the
highest floor.
(e) The water supply curve can now be added by selecting suitable pumps and equipment
to achieve a curve that exceeds the demand points by more than 50 kPa and achieve
the maximum flow rate of the system as shown in Figures J14 and J15. It should be
noted that fluctuations between maximum and minimum pressures of the supply
curves has to be minimal to achieve a workable system.
The water supply has to be capable of providing the highest maximum flow rate of
any zone that is the crossing point of the flattest combined sprinkler and hydrant
system demand curve and the maximum water supply curve.
If computer software that is capable of adding the constant flow of the hydrant points
to the sprinkler calculation is used to produce the demand points and the system
demand curves, the graphs may be drawn without the individual sprinkler and hydrant
demand points and curves.
(f) From the maximum system pressure in each zone, calculate the levels that will
receive the 1200 kPa maximum pressure. All levels below these in each zone have to
be fitted with pressure-reducing hydrants. Ensure all pipe, fittings, valves and
equipment on these floors, subject to pressures exceeding 1200 kPa, have working
pressure ratings suitable for the maximum pressure to which they will be subjected.
FPAA – reproduced with the permission of Standards Australia under licence CL0610fpa
53 AS 2118.6—2012
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FIG
UR
E
J1
4
TY
PIC
AL
SC
HE
ME
4 Z
ON
E A
SU
PP
LY
FPAA – reproduced with the permission of Standards Australia under licence CL0610fpa
AS 2118.6—2012 54
© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au
FIG
UR
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J1
5
TY
PIC
AL
SC
HE
ME
4 Z
ON
E B
SU
PP
LY
FPAA – reproduced with the permission of Standards Australia under licence CL0610fpa
55 AS 2118.6—2012
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J2.5 Scheme 5—Zones A and B—50 m maximum zone height
For systems using cascade tanks, pumps and break tanks to feed each zone up to 50 m high
as depicted in Figure G5 (Scheme 5), Appendix G the following method should be used.
(a) Using full hydraulic calculation, as described in AS 2118.1, calculate the friction loss
from the pump to the number of hydrants required to be operating at the flow required
by Section 2 of AS 2419.1 for the highest and lowest hydrants in pressure zones A
and B. If any floor in the zone requires more hydrants operating than the number on
the highest or lowest floors, these should also be calculated.
(b) If lower zones fed by tanks only are required, by full hydraulic calculation, as
described in AS 2118.1, calculate the friction loss from the tank outlet to the number
of hydrants required to be operating at the flow as required by AS 2419.1, for the
highest and lowest hydrants in the pressure zones. If any floor in the zone requires
more hydrants operating than the number on the highest or lowest floors, these should
also be calculated.
(c) Using full hydraulic calculation, as described in AS 2118.1, calculate the friction loss
from the pump to the most unfavourable and favourable operating areas of the
sprinkler systems for the highest and lowest floors in pressure zones A and B. If any
floor in the zone has a higher hazard or different pipe arrangement than the highest or
lowest floors, these should also be calculated.
(d) If lower zones fed by tanks only are required, by full hydraulic calculation, as
described in AS 2118.1, calculate the friction loss from the tank outlet to the most
unfavourable and favourable operating areas of the sprinkler systems for the highest
and lowest floors in the pressure zones. If any floor in the zone has a higher hazard or
different pipe arrangement than the highest or lowest floors, these should also be
calculated.
(e) Plot the demand points and system demand curves calculated above, as shown in
Figures J16 and J17, using the principles described in ‘graphic representation of
hydraulic characteristics’ in AS 2118.1.
(f) From the hydrant and sprinkler system demand curves, the demand point of the
combined systems may be calculated as the crossing point of the curves for each floor
as depicted in Figures J16 and J17. The highest combined flow/pressure demand point
is the demand point of the zone. This may not be the highest floor if one of the lower
floors has a higher number of hydrants operating or a higher sprinkler hazard than the
highest floor.
(g) The water supply curves for zones A and B can now be added by selecting suitable
pumps and equipment to achieve a curve that exceeds the duty points by more than
50 kPa and achieve the maximum flow rate of the system as shown in Figures J16
and J17. It should be noted that fluctuations between maximum and minimum
pressures due to tank height, of the supply curves should be minimal to achieve a
workable system.
If lower zones fed by tanks only are required, the water supply curves for zones are the zero
pressure line at the tank outlet for the minimum and the static height of the tank for the
maximum.
The water supply has to be capable of providing the highest maximum flow rate of any zone
that is the crossing point of the lowest system demand curve and the maximum water supply
curve.
FPAA – reproduced with the permission of Standards Australia under licence CL0610fpa
AS 2118.6—2012 56
© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au
If computer software that is capable of adding the constant flow of the hydrant points to the
sprinkler calculation is used to produce the demand points and the system demand curves,
the graphs may be drawn without the individual sprinkler and hydrant demand points and
curves.
From the maximum system pressure in each zone, calculate the levels that will receive the
1200 kPa maximum pressure. All levels below these in each zone needs to be fitted with
pressure-reducing hydrants. Ensure all pipes, fittings, valves and equipment on these floors,
subject to pressures exceeding 1200 kPa, have working pressure ratings suitable for the
maximum pressure to which they will be subjected.
FPAA – reproduced with the permission of Standards Australia under licence CL0610fpa
57 AS 2118.6—2012
www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia
FIG
UR
E
J1
6
TY
PIC
AL
SC
HE
ME
5 Z
ON
E A
SU
PP
LY
FPAA – reproduced with the permission of Standards Australia under licence CL0610fpa
AS 2118.6—2012 58
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FIG
UR
E
J1
7
TY
PIC
AL
SC
HE
ME
5 Z
ON
E B
SU
PP
LY
FPAA – reproduced with the permission of Standards Australia under licence CL0610fpa
59 AS 2118.6—2012
www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia
J2.6 Scheme 6—Zones A and B—50 m maximum zone height (see CAUTION
statement, Clause 2.6.2(c))
For systems using pumps to feed the highest zone up to 50 m high and pressure-
reducing/ratio valves to feed the lower zones up to 50 m high as depicted in Figure G6
(Scheme 6), Appendix G, the following method should be used.
(a) Using full hydraulic calculation, as described in AS 2118.1, calculate the friction loss
from the pump to the number of hydrants required to be operating at the flow as
required by AS 2419.1 for the highest and lowest hydrants in pressure zone A. If any
floor in the zone requires more hydrants operating than the number on the highest or
lowest floors, these should also be calculated.
(b) Using full hydraulic calculation, as described in AS 2118.1, calculate the friction loss
from the PRV outlets to the number of hydrants required to be operating at the flow
as required by AS 2419.1 for the highest and lowest hydrants in pressure zones B. If
any floor in the zone requires more operating hydrants than the number on the highest
or lowest floors, these should also be calculated.
(c) Using full hydraulic calculation, as described in AS 2118.1, calculate the friction loss
from the pump to the most unfavourable and favourable operating areas of the
sprinkler systems for the highest and lowest floors in pressure zone A. If any floor in
the zone has a higher hazard or different pipe arrangement than the highest or lowest
floors, these should also be calculated.
(d) Using full hydraulic calculation, as described in AS 2118.1, calculate the friction loss
from the PRV outlets to the most unfavourable and favourable operating areas of the
sprinkler systems for the highest and lowest floors in pressure zone B. If any floor in
the zone has a higher hazard or different pipe arrangement than the highest or lowest
floors, these should also be calculated.
(e) Plot the demand points and system demand curves calculated above, as shown in
Figures J18 and J19, using the principles described in ‘graphic representation of
hydraulic characteristics’ in AS 2118.1.
(f) From the hydrant and sprinkler system demand curves the demand point of the
combined systems may be calculated as the crossing point of the curves for each floor
as depicted in Figures J18 and J19. The highest combined flow/pressure demand point
is the demand point of the zone. This may not be the highest floor if one of the lower
floors has a higher number of operating hydrants or a higher sprinkler hazard than the
highest floor.
(g) The water supply curves for zone A can now be added by selecting suitable pumps
and equipment to achieve curves that exceeds the demand points by more than 50 kPa
and achieves the maximum flow rate of any zone of the system as shown in
Figures J18 and J19. It should be noted that fluctuations between maximum and
minimum pressures of the supply curves should be minimal to achieve a workable
system.
(h) The water supply curves for zone B can now be added by calculating the pressure
flow available at the inlet to the PRV accounting for static head gain and friction loss,
reduced by the ratio or the setting of the PRV. In the graphs, ratio valves are shown.
Set pressure-reducing valves would be similar except the 50 kPa margin would not be
applicable.
The water supply needs to be capable of providing the highest maximum flow rate of any
zone that is the crossing point of the lowest system demand curve and the maximum water
supply curve.
FPAA – reproduced with the permission of Standards Australia under licence CL0610fpa
AS 2118.6—2012 60
© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au
If computer software that is capable of adding the constant flow of the hydrant points to the
sprinkler calculation is used to produce the demand points and the system demand curves,
the graphs can be drawn without the individual sprinkler and hydrant demand points and
curves.
From the maximum system pressure in each zone, calculate the levels that will receive the
1200 kPa maximum pressure. All levels below these in each zone needs to be fitted with
pressure-reducing hydrants. Ensure all pipe, fittings, valves and equipment on these floors
that are subject to pressures exceeding 1200 kPa have working pressure ratings suitable for
the maximum pressure to which they will be subjected.
FPAA – reproduced with the permission of Standards Australia under licence CL0610fpa
61 AS 2118.6—2012
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FIG
UR
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J1
8
TY
PIC
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ON
E A
SU
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FPAA – reproduced with the permission of Standards Australia under licence CL0610fpa
AS 2118.6—2012 62
© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au
FIG
UR
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J1
9
TY
PIC
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ON
E B
SU
PP
LY
FPAA – reproduced with the permission of Standards Australia under licence CL0610fpa
63 AS 2118.6—2012
www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia
APPENDIX K
WATER SUPPLY SOURCES
(Informative)
NOTE: See Clause 2.8.
FIGURE K1 TYPICAL ON-SITE STORAGE TANK(S)
FPAA – reproduced with the permission of Standards Australia under licence CL0610fpa
AS 2118.6—2012 64
© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au
NOTE: See Clause 2.8.
FIGURE K2 TYPICAL TOWN MAIN(S)
FPAA – reproduced with the permission of Standards Australia under licence CL0610fpa
65 AS 2118.6—2012
www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia
NOTE: See Clause 2.8.5.
FIGURE K3 TYPICAL ONE TOWN MAIN AND ONE STORAGE TANK
FPAA – reproduced with the permission of Standards Australia under licence CL0610fpa
AS 2118.6—2012 66
© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au
APPENDIX L
SYSTEM LAYOUT
(Informative)
NOTE: For detailed layouts, see Clause 2.9 and Appendix G.
FIGURE L1 TYPICAL SYSTEM LAYOUT
FPAA – reproduced with the permission of Standards Australia under licence CL0610fpa
67 AS 2118.6—2012
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APPENDIX M
COMBINED SPRINKLER AND HYDRANT SYSTEMS CALCULATION OF
WATER SUPPLY TANK SIZING
(Informative)
M1 GENERAL
This Appendix considers light and ordinary hazard systems only.
Clause 2.8.1 states: ‘Except as provided for in this Standard, the duration and capacity of
the water supply for tanks shall be the combination of that described in AS 2118.1 for the
sprinkler system and that described in AS 2419.1 for the hydrant system.’
AS 2118.1 provides for a source of single water supply for general non-required systems;
however, where a higher degree of reliability is required (in the case, for example, of a high
rise apartment building) the concept of ‘dual’ water supplies is adopted. AS 2419.1 adopts a
different approach with a common high level of reliability required for all hydrant system
sources of supply. Consequently, in determining capacity of supply for combined systems
installed in accordance with this Standard, separate calculations are required for each
component of supply, before combining.
Hydrant system supplies for systems installed in accordance with this Standard are made up
of a limited capacity on-site component (usually 25 000 L) and an off-site make-up
component to ensure a 4 h duration of supply. Where the sprinkler system water supply
component is required to be duplicated, the hydrant on-site component also should be
duplicated. The off-site hydrant component is not required to be duplicated.
M2 SPRINKLER COMPONENT
M2.1 General
AS 2118.1 requires pump suction tanks have an effective capacity of not less than that
specified in Clause 9.3.2 for Light Hazard, Clause 10.3.2 for Ordinary Hazard, or
Clause 11.8.3 for High Hazard, as appropriate.
M2.2 Light hazard
AS 2118.1 states: ‘The usable water quantity in a reservoir or pump suction tank dedicated
as a sprinkler system supply shall be a minimum of the calculated flow rate for the most
unfavourable six sprinklers for a duration of 30 min, plus 20%.
The storage capacity of a reservoir or pump suction tank that is the sole water source of a
single water supply system may be reduced by—
(a) up to two-thirds, for buildings up 25 m in effective height; or
(b) up to one-third, for buildings greater than 25 m in effective height,
subject to the provision of an automatic inflow to the reservoir or pump suction tank, with
sufficient inflow to make up the reduction within 30 min.’
The storage capacity of a reservoir or pump suction tank which is part of a dual water
supply system may be reduced by one-third, without the provision of automatic inflow to
compensate for the reduced tank capacity.
M2.3 Ordinary hazard
AS 2118.1 states: ‘The usable water quantity in a reservoir or pump suction tank dedicated
as a sprinkler system supply shall be a minimum of the calculated flow rate for the
hydraulically most unfavourable array of sprinklers for a duration of 60 min plus 20%.’
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AS 2118.6—2012 68
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AS 2118.1 specifies the number of sprinklers in the most hydraulically unfavourable area of
operation for the various hazard classes as: OH1-6 sprinklers, OH2-12 sprinklers, OH3-18
sprinklers, and OH3 Special-30 sprinklers.
The storage capacity of a reservoir or pump suction tank that is the sole water source of a
single water supply system may be reduced by—
(a) up to two-thirds for buildings up 25 m in effective height; and
(b) up to one-third for buildings greater than 25 m in effective height,
subject to the provision of an automatic inflow to the reservoir or pump suction tank, with
sufficient inflow to make up the reduction within 60 min.
The storage capacity of a reservoir or pump suction tank is part of a dual water supply
system, may be reduced by one-third without the provision of automatic inflow to
compensate for the reduced tank capacity.
M2.4 Conclusion—Sprinkler component capacity
Water storage capacity calculations in accordance with AS 2118.1 vary according to the
particular hazard classification; however, methodology is the same for each, that is, the
required duration is either 30 min, 60 min or as required by the high hazard commodity, and
the calculated minimum water storage capacity may be reduced by up to one-third or
two-thirds, provided an automatic inflow to the reservoir or tank is available at all times
with sufficient flow to make up the difference within the required period. Additionally, the
storage capacity of any tank forming one supply of a dual water supply, as required for
buildings over 25 m, for example, may be reduced by one-third without the provision of
automatic inflow to compensate for the reduced capacity of that tank.
M3 HYDRANT COMPONENT
AS 2419.1 states: ‘The minimum capacity of the source of water supply for fire hydrant
installations shall be not less than necessary to satisfy the minimum flow rates specified in
Clause 2.3.1 or 3.3, as appropriate, for a duration of not less than 4 h.
If water is available elsewhere off-site but is not connected to the site then an on-site supply
having a capacity for the time required by the Fire Brigade to set up equipment to pump
water to the site shall be provided. The off-site source shall have the capacity to supply the
flow required rate continuously for the remaining period to make up a total of 4 h water
supply.
Where the town main is capable of providing make-up supply to the on-site storage the
capacity of the on-site storage shall be such that a 4 h supply is available based on the
difference in flow rates between the fire hydrant system flow required rate and the make-up
flow rate.’
NOTE: This Clause clearly refers to the total water capacity available to the system, whether on
site or off-site, or a combination of both.
AS 2419.1 also states: ‘On-site water storage shall be provided where—
(a) the off-site water storage has insufficient capacity or is unable to achieve the flow
required rates;’
Further, where on-site storage is provided to satisfy the requirements, it shall have a
capacity appropriate to the circumstances—
(a) ‘if located in a sprinkler-protected building, not less than 25 000 L; or
FPAA – reproduced with the permission of Standards Australia under licence CL0610fpa
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(b) in any other case, the lesser of—
(i) 25 000 L; or
(ii) that necessary to satisfy the minimum number of hydrants required to flow in
accordance with Table 2.1, at a flow rate of not less than 10 L/sec each.’
NOTE: This Clause, again, covers both off-site and on-site storage and the 25 000 L capacity
would almost always apply in Australian cities.
M3.1 Conclusion—Hydrant component capacity
• From the foregoing, it can be seen that in virtually every case where an ordinary or
light hazard class building in an Australian city is fitted with a combined sprinkler
and hydrant system in accordance with AS 2118.6, the required hydrant storage
would be 25 000 L. There is no provision for reducing the hydrant storage as
allowed for sprinkler water storage, and where two water supplies (dual supply) are
required each tank should have a minimum capacity of 25 000 L.
NOTE: The source of water for fire service boosting into the combined system is from the 4 h
supply only, not from the on-site limited capacity combined tank(s). Whilst the combined system
pumps drawing from the on-site tank(s) are sized to provide the full hydrant flow. The on-site
combined tanks are sized for a limited (first attack) period only, with the remainder of the 4 h
duration made up off site.
M4 EXAMPLE CALCULATIONS
M4.1 Example 1
• An example of a tank size for a combined sprinkler/hydrant system in a residential
(light hazard) building over 25 m in height, with an Ordinary Hazard 3 component
(retail shops) and two (2) operational hydrants per floor at 10 L/s, with an off-site
‘Authorities Main’ available to make up the 4 h supply for the hydrant component.
The required dual water supply is to be achieved by two tanks, with no direct town’s
main connection to the system, as follows:
System/specification Requirement/calculation Water storage
Sprinkler component 18 operational sprinklers at a minimum of
60 L/s for 60 min = 64 800 + 20% = 77 760 L
per tank
Capacity of each tank may be reduced by 1/3
As this is a dual supply system, the 2 × 2/3
capacity sprinkler tanks do not require
automatic make-up
Sprinkler component = 77 760 × 2/3 =
51 840 L per tank
2 tanks
51 840 L
for each tank
Hydrant component Minimum tank requirement is 25 000 L (each
supply). Town main water supply must have
1200 L/min (20 L/s) reserve available to
provide for fire brigade boosting of the
system, for make-up of the required 4 h
supply, via the booster connection
2 tanks
25 000 L
for each tank
Combined capacity Town main water supply is available to
provide fire brigade boosting of the system
via the booster connection. Therefore,
minimum hydrant on-site storage is 25 000 L
plus 1200 L/min automatic inflow for
required 4 h period (dual supply system)
2 × 76 840 L
tanks
Total: 153 680 L
FPAA – reproduced with the permission of Standards Australia under licence CL0610fpa
AS 2118.6—2012 70
© Standards Australia www.standards.org.au
M4.2 Example 2
As for example 1, above, but with one supply (primary) town main and one supply
(secondary) tank. The primary (town main) supply is capable of providing the full sprinkler
flow component plus the full hydrant flow component for the specified time (4 h).
System/specification Requirement/calculation Water storage
One (1) town main
primary supply and
one (1) combined tank
secondary supply
If town main forms primary supply of dual
supply system and single tank forms
secondary supply, capacities would be as
follows:
Town main and pumps calculated as per
AS 2118.1 plus 1200 L/min hydrant flow,
in accordance with AS 2419.1. Secondary
tank capacity to be calculated as per
example 1, above, i.e. 25 000 L, hydrants
plus 51 840 L, sprinklers
51 840 L (sprinkler
component) plus
25 000 min. capacity
hydrant
Component = 76 840 L
(secondary tank)
Combined secondary
tank capacity
Automatic tank make-up not required
(dual supply system)
76 840 L
M4.3 Example 3
An example of tank sizing (2 required) for a combined sprinkler and hydrant system with an
Ordinary Hazard 3 component and two (2) operational hydrants at 10 L/s without an off-site
town’s main capable of providing the additional supply for the hydrant component, would
be as follows:
System/specification Requirement/calculation Water storage
Sprinkler component 18 operational sprinklers at a minimum of
60 L/min for 60 min = 64 800 + 20%
= 77 760 L sprinkler component—reduced by
1/3 due to being part of dual water supply
system. 77 760 × 2/3 = 51 840
Tanks do not require automatic inflow
(dual supply)
2 tanks × 51 840 L
each
Hydrant component As the town’s main water supply is not
capable of providing 20 L/s for boosting by
the fire brigade into the system. The tanks to
provide a 4 h water supply
20 L/s × 60 sec × 60 min × 4 h
= 288 000 L total requirement
288 000 L =
2 × 144 000 L
Combined capacity 2 × 2 h hydrant supply plus 2 × 2/3 capacity
sprinkler requirement
2 × 195 840 L
tanks total capacity
FPAA – reproduced with the permission of Standards Australia under licence CL0610fpa
71 AS 2118.6—2012
www.standards.org.au © Standards Australia
M4.4 Example 4
An example of a tank size for a combined sprinkler/hydrant system for a light hazard class
only residential building less than 25 m in height and two (2) operational hydrants at 10 L/s
with an off-site town’s main capable of providing the additional supply for the hydrant
component, would be as follows:
System/specification Requirement/calculation Water storage
Sprinkler component 6 operational sprinklers at a minimum of
48 L/min for 30 min = 8630 + 20% = 10 368 L
sprinkler component—Reduced by 2/3 due to
being single water supply system.
Tank = 3456 L. However, minimum sprinkler
requirement is 25 000 L
Automatic make-up not required as 25 000 L
exceeds calculated tank capacity (10 368 L).
However, should in another case where
25 000 L is less than calculated tank capacity,
automatic make-up would be required (single
supply)
25 000 L
Hydrant component Town main water supply is available to
provide for fire brigade boosting of the system
via the booster connection. Therefore min
hydrant on-site storage requirement is
25 000 L, plus 1200 L/min automatic in-flow
for required 4 h period
25 000 L
Combined capacity 50 000 L on-site
storage plus
1200 L/min
available for FB
boosting into
system via fire
service booster
FPAA – reproduced with the permission of Standards Australia under licence CL0610fpa
AS 2118.6—2012 72
NOTES
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