artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota. jotham suez, tal...
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Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut
microbiota.Jotham Suez, Tal Korem, David Zeevi, Gili Zilberman-Schapira,
Christoph A. Thaiss, Ori Maza, David Israeli, Niv Zmora, Shlomit Gilad, Adina Weinberger, Yael Kuperman, Alon Harmelin, Ilana Kolodkin-Gal, Hagit Shapiro, Zamir Halpern, Eran Segal & Eran
Elinav
Nature 9 October 2014 vol 514 p181-186.
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Saccharine
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Sucralose
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Chronic NAS consumption exacerbates glucose tolerance.
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Glucose tolerance test: (40 mg glucose orally/mouse):
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Extended data Figure 1.
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Fig. 1a
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Two-way ANOVA
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Fig. 1b
(Area Under Two-hour Curve)
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Extended data Figure 1.
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Fig. 1c
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Extended data Figure 2a.
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Extended data Figure 1.
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Fig. 1d
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Extended data Figure 2b.
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Extended data Figure 1.
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Extended data Figure 2c.
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Extended data Figure 2d.
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Gut microbiota mediates NAS-induced glucose intolerance.
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Ciprofloxacin: fluoroquinolone (inhibition of DNA gyrase. Gram-negative bacteria and gram-positiv e cocci.
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Metronidazole (Flagyl): used against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. Inhibits DNA synthesis in the reduced form (anaerobic conditions).
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Vancomycin: protein inhibition.Active against gram-positive bacteria.
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Extended data Figure 1.
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Fig. 1a
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Fig. 1b
(Area Under Two-hour Curve)
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Fig. 1d
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Extended data Figure 1.
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Fig. 1e
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Extended data Figure 2e.
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Fig. 1f
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Extended data Figure 2f.
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NAS mediate distinct functional alterations to the microbiotia.
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We matched all OTUs to its phylogenetic affiliation, and used this information to generate a principal component analysis (PCA) that is based on the presence and absence of individual OTUs in individual samples. A total of 27 dimensions were used to account for the total variance. The first two dimensions PC1 and PC2, which accounted for 29.6% of the total variance did not show an apparent correlation to the eczema status of the infants (Figure 4A). The first dimension (21.6%) was correlated to age, suggesting that the ageing process was a relatively domineering factor that mediated changes in microbial richness and diversity among infants.
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Fig. 1G
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Fig. 1H
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Extended data Figure 6.
(1) Saccharin / sucrose(2) Saccharin / water(3) Saccharin / glucose(4) FT: Saccharin / glucose
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Fig. 2a
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Extended data Figure 6.
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Fig. 2b
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Fig. 2c
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Fig. 2d
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Fig. 2e
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Fig. 2gh
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Extended data Figure 6.
(1) Saccharin / sucrose(2) Saccharin / water(3) Saccharin / glucose(4) FT: Saccharin / glucose
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Extended data Figure 7c.
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Extended data Figure 7d.
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NAS directly modulate the microbiota to induce glucose intolerance.
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16 S ribosomal RNA
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Taxonomic Microbiota Analysis:Barcoded primers:
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Extended data Figure 5a.
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Extended data Figure 5b.
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Extended data Figure 5c.
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Extended data Figure 8a.
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Extended data Figure 8b.
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Fig. 3a
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Extended data Figure 8c.
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Fig. 3b
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Fig. 3c
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NAS in humans asociate with impaired glucose intolerance.
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Fig. 4a
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Extended data Figure 9a.
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Fig. 4b
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Fig. 4c,d
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Extended data Figure 9b.
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Fig. 4e
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Fig. 4f
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Suez Jotham et al. (2014) Fig. 4g,h