Artificial Skin

Vi Tran

Section 1

October 23,2013

Vi TranBME 281

Our Skin

-Largest and most important organ-16% of our body weight, about 8 pounds average-Important roles

-Protective wall-Vitamin D-Thermoregulation-Much more

-5% epidermis, 95% dermis-3 layers

-epidermis-dermis-hypodermis

Burns -According to American Burn Association

-450,000 people require professional care -45,000 people require hospitalization for treatment of burns-3,000 people die from burns

-In 2010, every 169 minutes one person dies from a fire-Dangers of Burns

-Dehydration-Infection

Types of Burns

-First Degree (least serious)-epidermis affected-redness, some pain

-Second Degree (partial thickness burn)-both epidermis and dermis affected-blisters

-Third Degree (most dangerous)- epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis affected-full thickness-skin is extremely discolored: yellow, white and black-destruction of nerves, blood vessels, glands, and other accessory structures-bones, tendons, and muscles could be affected-permanent damage and scarring

What Is Artificial Skin?

-Skin substitute used to restore epidermal and dermal layers -Can be completely man made or made from using patients cells (biological or synthetic)-Different from skin grafting-Many uses

-Most common: serious burns-Some skin diseases-Cosmetic uses

History of Artificial Skin

-Before artificial skin, skin grafting performed-Successful with some setbacks

-Infection, rejection , dehydration, not enough skin to cover, etc-First successful artificial skin produced by Professor Ioannis Yannis of MIT and Doctor John Burke of Harvard in 1979

-Developed Integra and is FDA approved

Integra: First Artificial Skin

-Contains no living organisms-Designed to help facilitate the healing of the dermal layer, not a replacement skin-Two layers

-Top is composed of a thin layer of silicone-Bottom is a scaffolding made from dried and sterilized cow collagen, shark cartilage, and

glycosaminoglycan -designed to help left over fibroblasts to recreate the destroyed dermal layer

-After two to four weeks, top layer is removed and autograft is performed-Skin will be completely healed but has no sweat glands or hair follicles-Cost is $2000 for 8 by 10 sheet

Dermagraft

-Artificial skin can be used to treat-Skin loss-Non-healing wounds

-Dermagraft-Bioengineered skin substitute used in treatment of full thickness skin ulcers caused by diabetes-FDA approved- Requirements

-Used when ulcers last more than 6 weeks, -do not affect any surrounding structures such as the tendon, muscles, ligaments, and bones

Dermagraft (Continued)

-Bioengineered scaffold containing living human fibroblasts-Fibroblasts come donated newborn foreskin tissue-Fibroblasts secrete substances

-Designed to help heal dermal layer-Apply 8 times over 12 week period-Sheet of 2 by 3 inches-Costs $1500 per application

Dermagraft (continued)

-High success rate-98.4% of patient’s ulcers improved

Cosmetic Uses of Artificial Skin

-Testing of Comestic products-Eliminate need for animal testing-Greiner Bio-One, European biotechnology company

-Designs ThinCert Cell Culture Inserts-Thin membrane where human skin can grow

Benefits and Disadvantages

-For burns-Better than skin grafting

-Increases survival after serious third degree burns-Quicken recovery process-Higher success rate than skin grafting-Less scarring-Can be customized to fit patient’s needs and

conditions-For Ulcers

-Short recovery period-Less Scarring-Guarantee of success

-Can be expensive-Allergic reaction to artificial compound

Future

-Artificial skin results are promising-More methods and products being designed to eliminate need for skin grafting and full skin restoration

Works Cited "American Burn Association Burn Treatment Facts." The University of New Mexico, 2013. Web. 19 Oct. 2013. <http://hospitals.unm.edu/burn/facts.shtml>.

"Artificial Skin." Advameg, Inc., 2013. Web. 19 Oct. 2013. <http://www.discoveriesinmedicine.com/Apg-Ban/Artificial-Skin.html>.

"Artificial Skin." N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2013. <http://www.shrinershospitalboston.org/blog/understanding-different-types-burns>.

"Artificial Skin." Wikipedia, 17 Oct. 2013. Web. 19 Oct. 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_skin>.

Baker, Chris. "New "artificial Skin" Product Launched." William Reed Business Media, 24 July 2013. Web. 19 Oct. 2013. <http://www.cosmeticsdesign-europe.com/Formulation-Science/New-artificial-skin-product-launched>.

DERMAGRAFT® - P000036. FDA, 13 Sept. 2013. Web. 19 Oct. 2013. <http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ProductsandMedicalProcedures/DeviceApprovalsandClearances/Recently-ApprovedDevices/ucm085085.htm>.

Geldhard, Katie. "Artificial Skin." OpenWetWare, 18 Jan. 2013. Web. 19 Oct. 2013. <http://openwetware.org/wiki/Artificial_Skin,_by_Katie_Geldart>.

"Greiner Bio-One Launches Artificial Skin to Replace Animal Testing." Zenopa Ltd, 15 July 2013. Web. 19 Oct. 2013. <http://www.zenopa.com/news/801612581/greiner-bio-one-launches-artificial-skin-to-replace-animal-testing>.

Halim, Ahmad S., Teng L. Khoo, and Shah J. Yussof. Biologic and Synthetic Skin Substitutes: An Overview (n.d.): n. pag. Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery. Web. 19 Oct. 2013. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3038402/>.

Shingledecker, Leon. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2013. <http://www.drshingledecker.com/wound_care.html>.

Shire Regenerative Medicine, In, 2013. Web. 19 Oct. 2013. <http://www.dermagraft.com/>.

"Skin Grafts." WebMD LLC, 2013. Web. 19 Oct. 2013. <http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1295109-overview#a1>.

"Understanding Differences Types of Burns." Shriners Hospitals for Children, 2013. Web. 19 Oct. 2013. <http://www.shrinershospitalboston.org/blog/understanding-different-types-burns>.