artificial regeneration of pine in sweden

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Forest regeneration in Sweden

Historic developementHistoric developement

Methods

Pine regeneration in Southern SwedenPine regeneration in Southern Sweden

Storm damage

Forest legislation and regeneration survey

Survey:yIs performed 5(7) years after final cutting. Annually is 1600 areas investigatedStudy if regeneration areas reach the minimum standards of the forest

legislation

Forest legislation:Minimum number of main crop seedlings per ha: 900-2300Minimum number of main crop seedlings per ha: 900 2300Minimum frequency of plots (3 m radius) without any main crop seedlings:

10-20 %Main crop seedlings should be of certain tree species: Pine and spruce,

birch on moist sites and on mesic sites, silver birch and aspen.Main crop seedlings should be healthy, competative and free of severe

tecnical defects.

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Inventory of forest regeneration in Sweden

Regeneration methods and forest legislation

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Ocurrence of regeneration methods

Direct seeding of pine (%)

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Pine regeneration in Sweden

Elk (moose)

Elk, roe deer, fallow deer, red deer

Planting of pine in southern Sweden

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Proportion (%) of natural regeneration of pine with seed trees i southern Sweden

(Götaland)

Proportion (%) of mixed (planting+natural) regeneration in southern Sweden (Götaland)

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The January storm in 2005 (Gudrun)

Reforestation with state subsidies after Januaristormen 2005 (Gudrun)

Ca 91 000 ha planted with conifersCa 91 000 ha planted with conifers

Spruce 90,8 %Hybrid larch 4,4 %Pine 3,7 %Sitka 1,0 %Douglas 0,1 %

Ca 3 000 ha planted with deciduous treesHybrid aspen 30-35 %Oak 20-25 %Birch 20-25 %

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Proportion (%) of pine seedlings in forest regenerations in northern Sweden

SKA-VB 08Referens – Proportion Pine (%)

1955 2010 2060 2110

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Pine in the north och spruce in the south, is that ok?

In the north pine is growing better thanIn the north, pine is growing better than spruce on most sites

In the south, spruce is growing better than pine on most sites

What is the effect of global change?

Spruce on pine sites in southern Sweden

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How to increase pine regeneration in the south.

The new elk (moose) administrationThe new elk (moose) administration• The Swedish Environmental protection agency

(Naturvårdsverket)• The county administration board (Länsstyrelsen): Aprove

population management plans.• Elk administration areas (Älgförvaltningsområde): 50 000-500

000 ha, one separate elk population. Population management plan. Aprove the local management plans

• Elk management area (Älgskötselområde): 10 000 -100 000 ha. Local management plan. Inventories of population (size, age, sex ratio, fecundity etc.) forage availability and forest damage.

• Forest owners and hunters

Climate change and regeneration

PineSpruceContorta

Spruce(Pine)

Hybrid Larch SpruceSitkaOak, Beech, Hybrid aspen

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Learning experiences from wild experiments

• National survey not enough• National survey not enough• No research fundings• Small scale studies (special studies,

forest student works, etc.).• Regenerations after the Januaristormen• Regenerations after the Januaristormen

2005 (Gudrun)– Sitka, hybrid larch, hybrid aspen, Douglas:

Acceptable result.– Oak and poplar: Not acceptable result.

Forest owners opinion about theirsitka spruce plantations

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SkogsskötselserienSummarize scientific results and knowledge concerning forest

management.National project with Skogsstyrelsen (Forest agency), university

och the forest industry. Published as Pdf-files on the internet.18 parts: Skogsskötselns grunder; Produktion av frö och plantor;

Plantering av barrträd; Naturlig föryngring av tall och gran; Sådd; Röjning; Gallring; Stamkvistning; Skötsel av björk, al och asp; Skötsel av ädellövskog; Blädningsbruk; Skador på skog; Skogsbruk- mark och vatten; Naturhänsyn; Produktionshöjande åt ä d Sk b ä l Sk köt l k iåtgärder; Skogsbränsle; Skogsskötselns ekonomi; Skogsträdsförädling.

In production: Skogsskötsel för människan i skogen; Slutavverkning.

http://www.skogsstyrelsen.se/Aga-och-bruka /Skogsbruk/Skogsskotselserien

Föryngring av tall i Skogsskötselserien

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Föryngring av tall i Skogsskötselserien

Figur NF56. Skogsskötselserien nr 4, titel, Skogsstyrelsen, text: Christer Karlsson, Ulf Sikström, Göran Örlander, Mats Hannerz, Björn Hånell, illustration: Bo Persson, 2009

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artificial regeneration of pine in sweden

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