DISCRETE MATHEMATICS

COURSE CODE: CS291

HINA BABURMARYAM MUSSADDIQALISHMA JAVEDNIMRAH YOUSUF

BSSEF16A

WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE?

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it.

HISTORY

The idea of AI goes as far back as ancient Greece. Greek myths speak of Hephaestus, a blacksmith who created mechanical servants. This is one of many examples.

Fast forward to 1935, when the earliest substantial work in this field was done by Alan Turing, a logician and computer pioneer.

• Turing Machine1951

1951: Christopher Strachey wrote the first successful AI program.• Computer checkers program

1956: John McCarthy coined the term Artificial Intelligence.

1963: ANALOGY, a program created by Thomas Evans, proved that computers can solve IQ test analogy problems.

1972: SHRDLU created by Terry Winograd• Robot arm responded to commands

1987: Marvin Minsky publishes The Society of Mind, which portrays the brain as a series of cooperating agents.1997: A chess program, Deep Blue, beats the current world chess champion, Gary Kasparov

2000’S: Interactive robot smart toys are made commercially available.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ROBOTICS

KISMET (ROBOT):

• A Robot head made at MIT.

• Recognize and Stimulates

emotions.

• Contains input devices that

give it auditory, visual, and

proprioception abilities.

FUJITSU SERVICE ROBOT ( MARON-1): • Provides support for

various services in offices,

commercial facilities, and

other public areas.

• Self-charging.

• Ability to perceive, take hold of,

and hand objects to people.

MAR-1 AGRICULTURAL ROBOT:

• Division of agricultural robotics at the

Moscow Institute of Agricultural Engineers.

• Was designed to serve the livestock complex.

• It can use existing walkways on farms

(calculated per person), modern equipment

and tools.

AUTONOMOUS LUGGAGE CARRIER; TRUNK:

• Personal Luggage carrier able to follow

owner by using 3D Image processing and

IMU tracking.

• Based on ROS( Robot operating system).

• Artificial intelligence algorithms

developed on ROS platform.

WAKAMARU:

• Made by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries,

Japan.

• Human Interaction

• Used for presenting at exhibitions,

guiding customers, and working as a

desk receptionist.

SONY’S AIBO:

• Artificial Intelligence robot.

• "Entertainment Robots".

• Educational purposes (e.g. Robocup)

• Research into robotics and human-robot

interaction.

HONDA ASIMO:

• Humanoid robot designed and

developed by Honda.

• Multi-functional mobile assistant

• Used in demonstrations to encourage

the study of science and mathematics.

NEC’s PAPERO (PARTNER – TYPE PERSONAL ROBOT)

• It is noted for its cute appearance and

facial recognition system.

• It has various basic functions for the

purpose of interacting with people.

ICUB:

• Partial acronym, cub standing

for Cognitive Universal Body.

• The motivation behind the

strongly humanoid design is

the embodied cognition

hypothesis.

POPPY:• Latest humanoid robot.

• Created by a 3D printer.

• Poppy’s creators have focused

on a biologically inspired

walking motion that they hope

will allow for better human-to-

robot interaction.

ROMEO:• Romeo can walk, see

the three-dimensional environment, hear and speak.

• Romeo builds off of a smaller humanoid robot called NAO

PETMAN:

• Anthropomorphic robot designed

for testing chemical protection

clothing.

• Petman balances itself and

moves freely; walking, bending

and doing a variety of suit-

stressing calisthenics

NAO:

• NAO is a 58-cm tall humanoid robot .

• Was created to be a friendly companion around the house.

• The most known NAO is the Academics Edition.

ROBOTHESPIAN:

• Life sized humanoid robot

designed for human interaction

in a public environment.

• It is fully interactive,

multilingual, and user-friendly.