artifact and errors in intraoral periapical radiograph.ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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Common Artifact & Errors In Intraoral Periapical
Radiograph
Dr jyoti sharmaSubharti dental college
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•Introduction•Ideal radiograph•Artifact•Errors•Types of errors•Projection errors•Exposure errors• processing errors•Types of artifacts•Take home message•Conclusion
CONTENTS
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INTRODUCTION
When satisfactory x-ray machine, film and darkroom equipment are available and properly used, radiographic quality depends on the ability of the clinician to expose the film properly. The understanding of film exposure technique is based on knowledge of an ideal radiograph.
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Ideal radiograph is one which has desired density and
overall blackness and which shows the part
completely
without distortion with maximum details and has the
right amount of contrast to make the details fully
apparent
(H.M Worth)
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Ideal radiograph
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IDEAL RADIOGRAPH
• Complete area of interest , complete film
• Density , contrast
• Sharpness
• Distortion
•Magnification
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Artifact!!!!
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What are ARTIFACT????
• An unwanted density on the radiograph that interferes
with diagnosis
Or
• Any optical density that is not an anatomy
• Can be controlled when the cause is identified.
• Due to equipment pitfalls.
• Film emulsions and packaging
• Exposure artifacts
• Processing
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What are errors ?
Mistake Is Not A Mistake Till U Don't Do It
Instead Doing It Not Is A Bigger Mistake
Life Is All About Learning From
Mistakes
Making Errors/Mistake Are Part Of Life
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NEED TO CHECK
•Film placement technique
•Exposure
•Darkroom processing
solution sequence
ERROR
Blank image
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The majority of the errors produced can be
categorized into groups:
I. Operator and Technique
II.Exposure errors
III. processing errors
IV.Radiographic artifacts
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TECHNIQUES
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XRAY
FILM
Paralleling technique
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XR
AY
FI
LM
Bisecting angle technique
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Bitewing technique
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Avoid Technique ErrorCorrectly exposing intraoral receptor
Include 4 basic steps:
• Receptor placement
• Vertical (angulations alignment)
• Horizontal (Angulations alignment)
• Central ray centering
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Technique errors vertical alignment error
foreshortening elongation
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Decrease vertical angulation
Elongation
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FORESHORTENING
Over angulation
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Incorrect horizontal angulation
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magnification
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Source-object distance large
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one should look at his own self;Before pointing out a finger on others
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Operator errors : Patient preparation error
Radiographic artifacts
Blurred images
Bending of film
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Radiopaque artifact
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Blurred image
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Blurred image
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Bending of film
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•Reversed film(Herring bone effect tyre track appearance)
•Double image
•Apices cut off •Dot artifact
•Dropped film corner •Crown not shown (Specific region not showing)
Flim placement errors
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Double image
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Reversed film Tyre track appearence
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Dot artifact
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Apices cut off
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Crown not shown
Correction: increase amount of film showing ,not 1/8th of the film should be below or above the crown
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Dropped Film Corner
IF Edge Of Film Is Not Parallel To The Occlusal Surface Of Teeth
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Partial image (cone cut)
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Asuan – Egy.
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II. Exposure errors.
Blank image.Low density image.High density image.Image with high and low contrast.
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Blank imageA film that doesn’t receive radiation will have no image and will appear clear.
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Low density (faint) image
High density
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Density-degree OR GRADATION OF “BLACKNESS” ON A RADIOGRAPHIC FILM.
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High contrast and low contrast
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Difference in degree of blackness on radiograph
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III. Processing errorsProcessing include several variables:
•Development time
•Fixing time
•Processing temperature
•Chemical activity
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III. Processing errorsChemical errors:•Light image
•Dark image
•Reticulation
•film fog
Film Handling errors:
•Partial images
•Overlapped film
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processing errors
• Stain on film
• Yellowish brown
discoloration.
• Roller mark
• Dark flow marks
• Emulsion peel
• Grainy
appearance
• Dark box
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Dark radiograph Light radiograph
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Reticulation.(orange peel appearance)
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Partial images
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Film fog
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Overlapped film processing
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Stain on film
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DEVELOPER STAINS
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Yellowish brown discoloration
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Dark flow mark
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Emulsion peel
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Grainy appearance
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Roller mark
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Dark box
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Radiographic artifacts
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Exposure and processing artifact
• Black line
• Black spot
• Black crescent
• Static smudge
• Static tree
• Black patch
• White spot
• Air bubbles
• Streaking
• Lightening bolt type
• Phalangioma
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Black spot
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Black line
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Black patch on film
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Black crescent
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Static electricity
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Black smudge Black tree
Rapid opening of film from film packet in the period of low humidity
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Lightening bolt like artifacts
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White spot or patch
Air bubbles
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Streaks on film
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phalangiomaPhalangioma
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Storage and handling artifact
• Brittleness on radiograph• Finger prints• finger nail• Clip mark• Black area• Metallic silver artifact• Vigorous staining
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BRITTLENESS ON RADIOGRAPH
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Black finger print
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White finger print mark
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Finger nail artifact
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Clip mark
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Black area
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Metallic silver defect artifact
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Vigorous staining
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Judgement
Clinical aspectPatient
exposure
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TAKE HOME MESSAGE
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SHAPE DISTORTION
ALIGNMENT
IDEAL RADIOGRAPH
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Learn from the mistakes of other we won’t live long enough to make all by ourself“” Chanakya
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• PRINCIPLES OF DENTAL IMAGING – by Langland and Langlais
• DENTAL RADIOGRAPHY AND RADIOLOGY- by Eric whites
• ORAL RADIOLOGY PRINCIPLES AND INTERPRETATIONS –by White and Pharaoh
• TEXTBOOK OF DENTAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL RADIOLOGY –by Freny R. Karjodkar
REFERENCES
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Dr. SANGEETA MALIKSenior lecture Dept. of Oral medicine and Radiology (SDC)
Dr. SUMIT GOELSenior lecturer Dept. of Oral medicine and Radiology (SDC)
Dr . SWATI GOELSenior Lecturer Dept of oral medicine and radiology (SDC)
ALL POST GRADUATESDept of oral medicine and radiology (SDC)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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