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Major depressive disorder: probiotics may be an adjuvant therapy.

Logan AC, Katzman M.

Source

Nutrition Research Consulting, 50 Yonkers Terrace, 8-J Yonkers, NY 10704,USA. aclnd@cfs-fm.org

Abstract

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is an extremely complex and

heterogeneous condition. Emerging research suggests that nutritional

influences on MDD are currently underestimated. MDD patients have been

shown to have elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, increased

oxidative stress, altered gastrointestinal (GI) function, and lowered

micronutrient and omega-3 fatty acid status. Small intestinal bacterial

overgrowth (SIBO) is likely contributing to the limited nutrient absorption in

MDD. Stress, a significant factor in MDD, is known to alter GI microflora,

lowering levels of lactobacilli and bifidobacterium. Research suggests that

bacteria in the GI tract can communicate with the central nervous system,

even in the absence of an immune response. Probiotics have the potential

to lower systemic inflammatory cytokines, decrease oxidative stress,

improve nutritional status, and correct SIBO. The effect of probiotics on

systemic inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress may ultimately lead to

increased brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). It is our contention that

probiotics may be an adjuvant to standard care in MDD.

PMID: 15617861 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Comparison of oral nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) versus

conventional therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome.

Santaella ML, Font I, Disdier OM.

Source

Department of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine,

Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To compare effectiveness of oral therapy with reduced nicotinamide

adenine dinucleotide (NADH) to conventional modalities of treatment in

patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS).

BACKGROUND:

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CFS is a potentially disabling condition of unknown etiology. Although its

clinical presentation is associated to a myriad of symptoms, fatigue is a

universal and essential finding for its diagnosis. No therapeutic regimen has

proven effective for this condition.

METHODS:

A total of 31 patients fulfilling the Centers for Disease Control criteria for

CFS, were randomly assigned to either NADH or nutritional supplements and

psychological therapy for 24 months. A thorough medical history, physical

examination and completion of a questionnaire on the severity of fatigue

and other symptoms were performed each trimester of therapy. In addition,

all of them underwent evaluation in terms of immunological parameters and

viral antibody titers. Statistical analysis was applied to the demographic

data, as well as to symptoms scores at baseline and at each trimester of

therapy.

RESULTS:

The twelve patients who received NADH had a dramatic and statistically

significant reduction of the mean symptom score in the first trimester (p