Md. Abdul Kader Lecturer

Department of EnglishCambrian College

Mobile: +8801715447430Email : has83abdulkader@gmail.com

Welcome to all of youEnglish Grammar

Class: XI-XII

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The Amazon in Brazil is ---- longest river in ---- South America.

o the / -o - / theo - / -o the / the

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Lesson: Articles- Use of "The"

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Learning Outcome

• say when to use article “The”.

• Complete some exercises.

By the end of

the lesson

you will be able

to …

Use of the Rule-1:When we talk about a specific person, thing or place (something familiar)

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Peter asked the English teacher about the day of the exam.

I went to see the film you recommended.

Use of the Rule-2:Before a noun which has become definite by the addition of a phrase or clause.

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The boy who came here is my friend.

The girl with the white sari is beautiful.

Use of the Rule-3:Before a noun which has become definite by being mentioned a second time.

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I brought a shirt. The shirt was red.

There is a tree in the garden. The tree is an Oak.

Use of the Rule-4:Before a singular noun meant to represent a whole class.

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The dog is a faithful animal.

The rose is the sweetest of all flowers.

Use of the Rule-5:Before an uncountable Noun to particularize it.

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The gold of the ring is very bright.

The water of the Ganges is sacred.

Use of the Rule-6:To refer to a name of a thing which only one exists in Nature.

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Look at the moon.

The earth moves round the sun.

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More examples

The sun The moon The sky The sea

The weather

The climate The wind The

environment

Use of the Rule-7:Before a noun denoting nation or race.

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The English are industrious.

The Bengalese are intelligent but idle.

Use of the Rule-8:Before a name of road, but not before a name of Street or Avenue.

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The vehicles are running on the Mahatma Gandhi Road.

The book is bought from College Street.

Use of the Rule-9:Before some nouns to indicate profession.

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He joined the Bar.

He joined the Church.

Use of the Rule-10:Before the name of a musical instrument when one plays on it, otherwise not.

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He plays the flute. (But he has a flute.)

He plays the guitar.

Use of the Rule-11:Before Ordinal numbers.

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Who is the first /the second boy?

The 26th March is red letter day.

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Use of the Rule-12:As a general rule a proper noun should not have any article before it. But the following take “the” before them as exceptions.

Names of holy books

The Quran

The Bible

Names of newspapers

The Annadabazar

The Daily Star

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Names of ships

The Titanic

The M.V. Akbar

Names of airplanes

The Boeing 707

The Emirates

Names of train

The Turuna Nishita

The Parabat Express

Names of space crafts

The Skylabs

The Aryabhatta

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Names of famous buildings

The Tajmahal

The Victoria Memorial Hall

Names of seas:

The Arabian Sea

The Mediterranean

Sea

Names of rivers

The Ganga

The Jumuna

Names Of Oceans:

The Indian Ocean

The Pacific Ocean

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Points On The Globe

The Equator

The North Pole

Name Of Forests

The Black Forest

The Sundaarbon

Geographical Areas

The Middle East

The West

Names of the directions

Go to the north

Turn to the south

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Names Of Gulfs

The Persian Gulf

The Bay Of Bengal

Names Of Group Of Islands

The Andamans

The West Indies

Names Of Mountain Ranges

The Himalayas

The Alps

Names Of Desert:

The Gobi

The Sahara

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Use of the Rule-12:……….Note: 1. “The” is not used before the names of single mountains, single islands , nor before the names of capes, nor before the names of lakes.Note: 2.If a book in called after its author, the articles is not used.

Homer’s Iliad Valmiki’s Ramayana

Use of the Rule-13:Before the names of province having a descriptive geographical meaning.

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The Punjab

The Deccan

Use of the Rule-14:Before the names of countries which are collectively formed.

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The United State Of America

The U.K.( The United Kingdom)

Use of the Rule-15:Before the plural names of families.

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The Bosses are familiar with the Browns.

Use of the Rule-16:Before proper Nouns for comparison to denote a type.

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Rabindranath is the Shakespeare of India.

Bankimchandra is the Scott of Bengal.

Use of the Rule-17:Before a proper noun when it is qualified by an adjective or Adjectival Phrases or clauses.

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The great Caesar.

The immortal Kalidas.

Use of the Rule-18:Before some common nouns and Adjectives to express an abstract sense.

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Do not play the fool (= foolishness).

He allowed the father (= his fatherly feelings) to be overruled by the judge and declared his own son to be guilty.

More examples

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All the mother (= Motherly feelings) rose in her.

Do not keep him in the dark (=darkness).

Check the beast (= beastly passion) in you.

Use of the Rule-19:Before Adjectives to denote a particular part of thing.

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I like the yellow of an egg.

He entered the thick of the forest.

Use of the Rule-20:Before a common noun as a substitute for the possessive Adjective.

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He caught me by the arm.

He pulled the lion by the tail.

He struck you on the head.

Use of the Rule-21:Before an adjective to represent a whole class of persons.

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The rich are not always happy.

The poor are not always dishonest.

The virtuous are happy.

Rule-22:‘The’ is used before superlative adjectives and the words in the superlative sense.

Use of the

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She is the most beautiful girl.

He is the man of the match.

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Use of the Rule-23:‘The’ is used with double comparatives/Before comparatives as Adverbs.Example:1. The sooner, the better.2. The more, the merrier.3. The more we have, the more we want.4. The more I read, the more I like.5. The more I earn, the more I spend.6. The more I eat, the less I like.

Use of the Rule-24:Before someone or something which become definite because of familiarity or proximity.

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She is in the garden. (Indicate the garden of her own home)

The doctor came today. (Indicate that doctor who usually come)

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Use of the Rule-25:Before the name with the structure “noun + of + noun”.

The Bay of Bengal

The Gulf of Mexico

The United states of America

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Use of the Rule-26:Before the name with the structure “Adjective + noun”.

The Arabian Ocean

The Caribbean Sea

The New Forest

Use of the

Rule-27:Before the date of a month.

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He will come on the 10th of this month.

The 21st February is the international mother language day.

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Use of the Rule-28: ‘The’ is used with historical buildings.

The National Theatre

The MUSON

Centre

The Museum

The Beach House

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Use of the Rule-29: ‘The’ is used with the names of certain countries and provinces.

The Yoruba

The United

Kingdom

The United States

The Deccan

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Group WorkDecided whether to use the definite article >the< or not. If you do not need the article >the<, type an x.

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Group Work-1Hi John,I arrived in ___ USA last Monday. We left ___ Rome, flew over ___ Alps and made a quick stop in ___ London. There we went shopping in ___ Harrods, visited ___ Tower and enjoyed a sunny afternoon in ___ Hyde Park. On the following day we left for ___ New York. ___ time on board wasn't boring as there were two films to watch on ___ monitor. ___ people on ___ plane were all ___ Italian. Before we landed at ___ JFK airport, we saw ___ Statue of Liberty, ___ Ellis Island and ___ Empire State Building. ___ hotel I stayed in was on ___ corner of ___ 42nd Street and ___ 5th Avenue. I don't like ___ hotels very much, but I didn't have ___ time to rent an apartment.Please say hello to Peter and Mandy.Yours,Peter

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Check you answerHi John,I arrived in the USA last Monday. We left x Rome, flew over the Alps and made a quick stop in x London. There we went shopping in x Harrods, visited the Tower and enjoyed a sunny afternoon in x Hyde Park. On the following day we left for x New York. The time on board wasn't boring as there were two films to watch on the monitor. The people on the plane were all x Italian. Before we landed at x JFK airport, we saw the Statue of Liberty, x Ellis Island and the Empire State Building. The hotel I stayed in was on the corner of x 42nd Street and x 5th Avenue. I don't like x hotels very much, but I didn't have x time to rent an apartment.Please say hello to Peter and Mandy.Yours,Peter

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Group work-21) Last year we visited __ St. Paul's Cathedral and ___ Tower.2) ___ Mount Everest is ____ highest mountain on earth.3) ___ Loch Ness is _____ most famous lake in Scotland.4) ___most children like ___ sweets.5) ___ summer of 1996 was hot and dry.6) ___ Plaza Hotel is on the corner of ___ 59th Street and ___ 5th Avenue.7) My sister often stays at ___ Uncle Tim's in Detroit.8) Our friends ___ Millers moved to Florida last August.9) ___ smog is a problem in ___ big cities.10) Our children go to ___ school by ___ bus.

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Check you answer1) Last year we visited x St. Paul's Cathedral and the Tower.2) x Mount Everest is the highest mountain on earth.3) x Loch Ness is the most famous lake in Scotland.4) x most children like x sweets.5) The summer of 1996 was hot and dry.6) The Plaza Hotel is on the corner of x 59th Street and x 5th Avenue.7) My sister often stays at x Uncle Tim's in Detroit.8) Our friends the Millers moved to Florida last August.9) x smog is a problem in x big cities.10) Our children go to x school by x bus.

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Group work-31) Last year we visited ___ St. Paul's Cathedral and ___ Tower.

2) ___ Mount Everest is ___ highest mountain on earth.

3) ___ Loch Ness is ___ most famous lake in Scotland.

4) ___ most children like ___ sweets.

5) ___ summer of 1996 was hot and dry.6) ___ Plaza Hotel is on the corner of ___ 59th Street and ___

5th Avenue.7) My sister often stays at ___ Uncle Tim's in Detroit.

8) Our friends ___ Millers moved to Florida last August.

9) ___ smog is a problem in ___ big cities.

10) Our children go to ___ school by ___ bus.

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Check you answer1. Correct answer: Last year we visited x St. Paul's Cathedral and the

Tower.

2. Correct answer: x Mount Everest is the highest mountain on earth.

3. Correct answer: x Loch Ness is the most famous lake in Scotland.

4. Correct answer: x most children like x sweets.

5. Correct answer: The summer of 1996 was hot and dry.

6. Correct answer: The Plaza Hotel is on the corner of x 59th Street and x 5th Avenue.

7. Correct answer: My sister often stays at x Uncle Tim's in Detroit.

8. Correct answer: Our friends the Millers moved to Florida last August.

9. Correct answer: x smog is a problem in x big cities.

10. Correct answer: Our children go to x school by x bus.

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Pair workFill the gaps with correct options.

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Pair work1. How far do you live from ______?

a) the city centreb) city centre

2. He didn't feel well so he went to _______.

a) doctorb) the doctor

3. Excuse me. Where is _______?a) post officeb) the post office

4. Tom is in _______. He's going to have an operation.

a) hospitalb) the hospital

5. Would you like to go to ______ after finishing the secondary school?

a) the universityb) university

6. I must go to _______ today.a) bankb) the bank

7. What are you going to do after leaving ______?

a) schoolb) the school

8. We usually arrive ______ at 5 pm.a) the homeb) home

9. He committed a crime so he is in ______ now.

a) prisonb) the prison

10. What time do you usually get home from _______?

a) the workb) work

11. I finish ______ at 5 pm every day.a) workb) the work

12. Would like to go to ______ tonight?a) cinemab) the cinema

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Check you answer1. the city centre

2. the doctor

3. the post office

4. hospital

5. University

6. the bank

7. School

8. home

9. Prison

10.work

11.work

12.the cinema

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Individual workFill the gaps with correct articles (a, an or the).

1. There was __ man and __ woman in the room. __ man was English but __ woman looked foreign. She was wearing __ fur coat. 2. This morning I bought __ newspaper and __ magazine. __ newspaper is in my bag but I don't know where __ magazine is.3. My parents have __ cat and __ dog. __ dog never bites __ cat but __ cat often scratches __ dog.4. I saw __ accident this morning. __ car crashed into __ wall. __ driver of __ car was not hurt but __ car was quite badly damaged5. When you turn into Winston Road, you will see three houses: __ red one, __ blue one and __ white one. I live in __ white one.6. We live in __ old house in __ middle of the village. There is __ beautiful garden behind __ house. __ roof of __ house is in very bad condition.

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Check you answer1. There was a man and a woman in the room. The man was English but the woman looked foreign. She was wearing a fur coat. 2. This morning I bought a newspaper and a magazine. The newspaper is in my bag but I don't know where the magazine is.3. My parents have a cat and a dog. The dog never bites the cat but the cat often scratches the dog.4. I saw an accident this morning. A car crashed into a wall. The driver of the car was not hurt but the car was quite badly damaged5. When you turn into Winston Road, you will see three houses: a red one, a blue one and a white one. I live in the white one.6. We live in an old house in the middle of the village. There is a beautiful garden behind the house. The roof of the house is in very bad condition.

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EvaluationFill the gaps with correct options.1. Tom loves films. He often goes to _______.

a) the cinemab) cinema

2. Children go to ______ from the age of six.a) the schoolb) school

3. She usually goes to _______ at the weekends.a) the churchb) church

4. It's very late and I'm very tired so I'm going to _______.a) the bedb) bed

5. He wants to study philosophy at ________.a) universityb) the university

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Evaluation6. My plane departs at 6.20, so I must be at ________ at about 5.30.

a) airportb) the airport

7. I need some money. I must go to ________.a) the bankb) bank

8. He has a bad tooth, so he must go to _______.a) the dentistb) dentist

9. There were many people at ________ waiting for the bus.a) the stationb) station

10. I called you yesterday, but you weren't at _______.a) the homeb) home

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Home workRecall these rules and practise more and more.

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Departure