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Sharpening Your Skills: Doing Business in Emerging Markets

Published: December 6, 2010

Feature: Sharpening Your Skills

Going global is one thing, targeting emerging economies quite another. In this collection from our archives,

HBS faculty discuss strategy development, government relations, exploiting local opportunities, and risk

management when dealing in emerging economies.

The New Face of Chinese Industrial Policy: Making Sense of Anti-Dumping Cases in thePetrochemical and Steel Industry

Authors: Regina Abrami and Y u Zheng

Published: November 30, 2010Paper Release Date: October 2010

Feature: Working Papers

The researchers set out to explain differences in China's antidumping actions against importers in the

petrochemical and steel industries. During the study period, 66 percent of the country's antidumping cases

targeted petrochemical imports, while steel imports were targeted only in 5 percent of the cases. Why did

China's petrochemical and steel industries behave so differently in seeking trade protection? The answers put

forward by researchers Regina Abrami (Harvard Business School) and Yu Zheng (University of Connecticut)

point toward the structural nature of the industries themselves, and against arguments that antidumping

actions in China have been driven by retaliation or national industrial strategy alone.

Network Effects in Countries' Adoption of IFRS

Aut hor s: Karthik Rama nna and Ewa SlettenPublished: November 17 , 2010

Paper Release Date: April, 2010 (Revised September 2010.)


Between 2003 and 2008, 75 countries adopted, to various degrees, International Financial Reporting

Standards (IFRS) developed by the International Accounting Standards Board. More countries, including the

United States and China, are currently engaged in convergence projects. Researchers Karthik Ramanna

(Harvard Business School) and Ewa Sletten (MIT Sloan School of Management) report on the role that

perceived network benefits play in convincing some countries to shift from local accounting standards to IFRS.

Export Competitiveness : Reversing the Logic

Published: October 20, 2010

F ea tu re : Op -Ed

While the economic crisis has caused countries to revisit growth strategies, it has also raised serious concerns

about whether the traditional strategy of export-led growth is producing the right answer. Harvard Business

School's Christian Ketels argues that the focus of debate now needs to be on the actual policies that can

increase competitiveness rather than exports per se.

It Pays to Hire Women in Countries That Won't

Published: October 11, 2010F ea tu re : Re se ar ch & I de as

South Korean companies don't hire many women, no matter how qualified. So multinationals are moving in to

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The concept of good old-fashioned realpolitik-politics primarily shaped by practicality and power-has returned

to Europe, clashing with the traditional ideologies of the European Union, says Harvard Business Schoolprofessor Rawi Abdelal. Citing supporting evidence from the Russian gas giant Gazprom, he argues that

scholars need to pay better attention to the role of large corporations in international relations.

Medium Term Business Cycles in Deve loping Countries

A ut ho rs : Die go Co min , No rm an L oa y za , F ar oo q Pa sh a, an d L uis Se r ve n

Published: September 29, 2010Paper Release Date: September, 2010


Business cycle fluctuations in developed economies tend to have very strong effects on developing countries,

says a new study by Harvard Business School professor Diego Comin, Norman Loayza and Luis Serven of the

World Bank, and Farooq Pasha of Boston College. The researchers have developed a quantitative model

capable of explaining the amplitude and persistence of the effect that U.S. shocks have on Mexico's

macroeconomic variables. The model is then used to provide an account of the drivers of business

fluctuations in developing economies.

HBS Faculty Debate Financial Reform Legislation

Published: July 21, 2010

F ea tu re : V ie ws o n Ne ws

Harvard Business School professors Robert Steve n Kaplan, David A. Moss, Robert C. Poze n, Clayton S.

Rose and Luis M. Viceira share their perspectives on the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer

Protection Act, slated to be signed this week by U.S. President Barack Obama.

Trade Policy and Firm Boundaries

A ut ho rs : L au ra A lfa ro , Pa ol a Co nc o ni, Ha ra ld Fa di ng er , a nd A nd re w F . Ne wm an

Published: July 15, 2010Paper Release Date: June 2010


What is the impact of trade policies on firms' ownership structures? Drawing on analysis based on a unique

database from Dun and Bradstreet that contains both listed and unlisted plant-level observations in more than

200 countries, HBS professor Laura Alfaro and coauthors describe a simple model in which firms' boundaries

depend on the prices of the products they sell: The higher the prices, the more integrated firms will be. More

generally, when equilibrium prices converge across economies, so do ownership structures. The reason

behind these predictions is that integration, although more productive than non-integration because of its

comparative advantage in the coordination of firms' operating decisions, also imposes higher private costs on

enterprise managers. At low prices, the productivity gains from integrating have little value, and managers

choose non-integration. As prices rise, the relative value of coordination increases, favoring integration.

The Limits of Nonprofit Impact: A Contingency Framework for Measuring Social Performance

A ut hor s: A lno or Ebr ahim and V . Kastur i Rangan

Published: July 9, 2010

Paper Release Date: May 2010


The social sector is in the midst of a search for metrics of impact. Over the past 20 years, there has been an

explosion in methodologies and tools for assessing social performance and impact, but with little systematic

analysis and comparison across these approaches. In this paper, HBS professors Alnoor Ebrahim and V.

Kasturi Rangan provide a synthesis of the current debates and, in so doing, offer a typology and contingency

framework for measuring social performance. Their contingency approach suggests that—given the varied

work, aims, and capacities of social sector organizations—some organizations should be measuring long-term

impacts, while others should stick to measuring shorter-term results. The researchers provide a logic for

determining which kinds of measures are appropriate, as driven by the goals of the organization and its

operating model.

Surviving the Global Financial Crisis: Foreign Direct Investment and EstablishmentPerformance

Authors: Laura Alfaro and Maggie Chen

Published: July 8, 2010Paper Release Date: June 2010


In 2008 and 2009 the world economy suffered the deepest global financial crisis since World War II. Countries

around the globe witnessed major declines in output, employment, and trade, and world trade volume

plummeted by more than 40 percent in the second half of 2008. Using a new dataset that reports operational










Q&A with: Tarun Khanna and Krishna G. Palepu

Published: June 21, 2010

F ea tu re : Re se ar ch & I de as

How can multinationals, entrepreneurs, and investors identify and respond to new challenges and

opportunities around the world? In this Q&A, HBS professors and strategy experts Tarun Khanna and

Krishna G. Palep u offer a practical framework for succeeding in emerging markets. Plus: Book excerpt with

action items.

One Report: Better Strategy through Integrated Reporting

Q&A with: Robert G. Eccles and Michael P. KrzusPublished: April 12, 2010

F ea tu re : Re se ar ch & I de as

Stakeholders expect it. And smart companies are doing it: integrating their reporting of financial and

nonfinancial performance in order to improve sustainable strategy. HBS senior lecturer Robert G. Eccles and

coauthor Michael P. Krzus explain the benefits and value of the One Report method. Plus: book excerpt

from One Report: Integrated Reporting for a Sustainable Strategy.

Multinational Strategies and Developing Countries in Historical Perspective

Author: Geoffrey Jones

Published: A pril 8, 2010Paper Release Date: March 2010


HBS professor Geoffrey Jones offers a historical analysis of the strategies of multinationals from developed

countries in developing countries. His central argument, that strategies were shaped by the trade-off between

opportunity and risk, highlights how three broad environmental factors determined the trade-off. The first was

the prevailing political economy, including the policies of both host and home governments, and the

international legal framework. The second was the market and resources of the host country. The third was

competition from local firms. Jones explores the impact of these factors on corporate strategies during the

three eras in the modern history of globalization from the nineteenth century until the present day. He argues

that the performance of specific multinationals depended on the extent to which their internal capabilities

enabled them to respond to these external opportunities and threats. The paper highlights in particular the

changing nature of political risk faced by multinationals. The era of expropriation has, for the moment, largely

passed, but multinationals now experience new kinds of policy risk, and new forms of home country political

risk also, such as the Alien Tort Claims Act in the United States.

HBS Cases: Developing Asia's Largest Slum

Published: March 15, 2010

Feature: Lessons from the Classroom

In a recent case study, HBS assistant professor Lakshmi Iyer and lecturer John Macomber examine

ongoing efforts to forge a public-private mixed development in Dharavi—featured in the film Slumdog

Millionaire. But there is a reason this project has languished for years. From the HBS Alumni Bulletin.

HBS Cases: Looking Behind Google's Stand in China

Q&A with: John A. Quelch

Published: February 8, 2010

Feature: Lessons from the Classroom

Google's threat to pull out of China is either a blow for Internet freedom or cover for a failed business

strategy, depending on with whom you talk. Professor John A. Quelch looks behind the headlines in a new

case.

Does Product Market Competition Lead Firms To Decentralize?

A ut ho rs : N ic ho la s Bl oo m, Ra ff ae ll a Sa du n, a nd Jo hn Va n Re en en

Published: January 28, 2010

Paper Release Date: January 2010Feature: Working Papers

There is a widespread sense that over the last two decades firms have been decentralizing decisions to

employees further down the managerial hierarchy. Economists have developed a range of theories to account

for delegation, but there is less empirical evidence, especially across countries. This has limited the ability to

understand the phenomenon of decentralization. Nicholas Bloom, HBS professor Raffaella Sadun, and John

Van Reenen assembled a new data set on about 4,000 firms across 12 countries in Europe, North America,

and Asia, and then measured the delegation of authority from central headquarters to local plant managers.










regulators have been private equity (PE) funds. There are many open questions regarding the economic

impact of PE funds, many of which cannot be definitively answered until the aftermath of the buyout boom of

the mid-2000s can be fully assessed. HBS professor Josh Lerner and coauthors address one of these open

questions, by examining the impact of PE investments across 20 industries in 26 major nations between 1991

and 2007. In particular, they look at the relationship between the presence of PE investments and the growth

rates of productivity, employment, and capital formation.

Pu bl ished in 20 0 9

The Global Agglomeration of Multinational Firms

Authors: Laura Alfaro and Maggie Chen

Published: December 23, 2009

Paper Release Date: December 2009, revised April 2010


(Paper formerly titled "The Global Networks of Multinational Firms.") When and why do multinationals group

together overseas? Do they agglomerate in the same fashion abroad as they do at home? An answer to these

questions is central to the long-standing debate over the consequences of foreign direct investment (FDI). It

is critical to understand interdependencies of multinational networks and how multinationals influence one

another in their activities at home and overseas. HBS professor Laura Alfaro and George Washington

University professor Maggie Chen examine the global network of multinationals and study the significance and

causes of multinational agglomeration. Their results provide further evidence of the increasing separation of

headquarters services and production activities within multinational firms. The differential specialization of

headquarters and subsidiaries leads to distinct patterns of agglomeration.

Mental Health in the Aftermath of Conflict

Authors: Quy -Toan Do and Lakshmi Iy er

Published: December 9, 2009Paper Release Date: November 2009


Wars are detrimental to the populations and the economy of affected countries. Over and above the human

cost caused by deaths and suffering during a time of conflict, survivors of conflict are often left in poor

economic circumstances and mental-health distress even after the conflict ends. How large are these costs?

How long does it take for conflict-affected populations to recover from the mental stress of conflict? What

policies are appropriate to assist mental health recovery? While considerable attention has been paid to post-

war policies with regard to recovery in physical and human capital, mental health has received relatively less

attention. The World Bank's Quy-Toan Do and HBS professor Lakshmi Iyer review the nascent literature on

mental health in the aftermath of conflict, discuss the potential mechanisms through which conflict might affect

mental health, and illustrate the findings from their study of mental health in a specific post-conflict setting:

Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Viewing 1-20 of 169 Articles View All

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