ARTICLE II

ARTICLE IIDECLARATION OF PRINCIPLESAND STATE POLICIESGODINEZ, Kristine Camille C.BSNA-1A (SY:2014-2015)PRINCIPLESSection 1. The Philippines is a democratic and republican State. Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them.Section 1. The Philippines is a democratic and republican State. Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them.The Philippines, a democratic and republican state.A republican government is a democratic government by representatives chosen by the people at large.Manifestations of a democratic and republican state.The existence of a bill of rights;Bill of Rights refers to the enumeration of rights of the individual covering practically all aspects of his political, civil, social, cultural, and economic rights.2. The observance of the rule of the majority;

3. The observance of the principle that ours is a government of laws, and not of men;

majority prevails over the minority for any decisionno one is above the law and everyone is subject to it4. The presence of elections through popular will;The will of the people is the basis of the authority of the government and every citizen is given a free will to vote and even take part in conduct of public affairs.5. The observance of the principle of separation of powers and the system of checks and balances;6. The observance of the principle that the legislature cannot pass irrepealable laws;all laws are not permanent, even the fundamental law of the land may be modified, amended, or revised7. The observance of the law on public officers;grounds for impeachment include bribery, high crime, graft, corruption, violation of the Constitution, and betrayal of public trust8. The observance of the principle that the State cannot be sued without its consent.one cannot sue an entity, which gives him the right to sueExemptions:Implied ConsentExpressed ConsentSection 1. The Philippines is a democratic and republican State. Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them.Sovereignty of the people.Sovereignty implies the supreme authority inherent in the State which it is governed.

Exercised indirectly through public officials. Exercised directly through suffrage.Section 2. The Philippines renounces war as an instrument of national policy, adopts the generally accepted principles of international law as part of the law of the land and adheres to the policy of peace, equality, justice, freedom, cooperation, and amity with all nations.International law refers to the body of rules and principles which governs the relations of nations and their respective peoples in their intercourse with one another.Doctrine of incorporation is the commitment of the state to international laws.Section 3. Civilian authority is, at all times, supreme over the military. The Armed Forces of the Philippines is the protector of the people and the State. Its goal is to secure the sovereignty of the State and the integrity of the national territory.Section 4. The prime duty of the Government is to serve and protect the people. The Government may call upon the people to defend the State and, in the fulfillment thereof, all citizens may be required, under conditions provided by law, to render personal, military or civil service.Section 5. The maintenance of peace and order, the protection of life, liberty, and property, and the promotion of the general welfare are essential for the enjoyment by all the people of the blessings of democracy.Section 6. The separation of Church and State shall be inviolable.Meaning of establishment of religion clause.The State shall have no official religion;The State cannot set up a church, whether or not supported with public funds; nor aid one religion, aid all religions, or prefer one religion over another;3. Every person is free to profess belief of disbelief in any religion;4. Every religious minister is free to practice his calling; and5. The State cannot punish a person for entertaining or professing religious belief or disbeliefs.Our Constitution and laws exempt from taxation, properties devoted exclusively to religious purposes.

The use of public money or property is not prohibited when a priest, preacher or dignitary as such is assigned to the armed forces, or to any penal institution or government orphanage or leprosarium.Optional religious instruction in public elementary and high schools is by constitutional mandate allowed.

Maundy Thursday and Good Friday of Holy Week, Christmas Day, and All Saints Day are made nationwide holidays because of the secular idea that their observance is conductive to beneficial moral results.The law punishes polygamy and bigamy, and certain crimes against religious worship and considered crimes against fundamental laws of the State.STATE POLICIESSection 7. The State shall pursue an independent foreign policy. In its relations with other states the paramount consideration shall be national sovereignty, territorial integrity, national interest, and the right to self-determination.Foreign policy of the Philippines.Foreign policy is the basic direction underlying the conduct by a State of its affairs vis--vis those of other States.

Formulation and conduct of foreign policy.

Presidentchief architect of Philippine foreign policyformulates our foreign policy with the help of the Department of Foreign Affairs2. An instrument of domestic policy.3. Pursuit of an independent foreign policy.not subordinate or subject to nor dependent upon the support of another government4. Basic Foreign policy objective.establish friendly relations with all countries of the world regardless of race, religion, ideology and social systempromote as much beneficial relations with them particularly in economic and trade activities5. Paramount consideration.national sovereignty right to self-determinationnational interestterritorial integritySection 8. The Philippines, consistent with the national interest, adopts and pursues a policy of freedom from nuclear weapons in its territory.forbid the making, storing, manufacture or testing in our country of nuclear weapons, devices or parts thereof as well as the use of our territory as dumping site for radioactive wastesforbid the transit within our territory of ships or planes with nuclear weaponsdoes not prohibit the use of nuclear energy for medicine, agriculture, and other peaceful or beneficial purposesSection 9. The State shall promote a just and dynamic social order that will ensure the prosperity and independence of the nation and free the people from poverty through policies that provide adequate social services, promote full employment, a rising standard of living, and an improved quality of life for all.Section 10. The State shall promote social justice in all phases of national development.Section 11. The State values the dignity of every human person and guarantees full respect for human rights.Human dignity and human rights.Belief in inherent dignity of every human person basis of human rights.Violation of human rights debases human dignity.Section 12. The State recognizes the sanctity of family life and shall protect and strengthen the family as a basic autonomous social institution. It shall equally protect the life of the mother and the life of the unborn from conception. The natural and primary right and duty of parents in the rearing of the youth for civic efficiency and the development of moral character shall receive the support of the Government.Section 12. The State recognizes the sanctity of family life and shall protect and strengthen the family as a basic autonomous social institution. It shall equally protect the life of the mother and the life of the unborn from conception. The natural and primary right and duty of parents in the rearing of the youth for civic efficiency and the development of moral character shall receive the support of the Government.Strengthening the family as a basic autonomous social institution.The government may not enact any law or initiate measures that would break up or weaken the family as a social unit.Section 12. The State recognizes the sanctity of family life and shall protect and strengthen the family as a basic autonomous social institution. It shall equally protect the life of the mother and the life of the unborn from conception. The natural and primary right and duty of parents in the rearing of the youth for civic efficiency and the development of moral character shall receive the support of the Government.Right to life to the unborn from conception and of the mother.Commencement of life.Ban on abortion.Saving life of mother.Section 12. The State recognizes the sanctity of family life and shall protect and strengthen the family as a basic autonomous social institution. It shall equally protect the life of the mother and the life of the unborn from conception. The natural and primary right and duty of parents in the rearing of the youth for civic efficiency and the development of moral character shall receive the support of the Government.Rearing of the youth for civic efficiency and development of moral character.A duty both of parents and government.Right of State to interfere with education of children.3. Power of State to regulate all schools.4. The State and parental obligations.5. Duty of State to encourage educational institutions.Section 13. The State recognizes the vital role of the youth in nation-building and shall promote and protect their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, and social well-being. It shall inculcate in the youth patriotism and nationalism, and encourage their involvement in public and civic affairs.Section 14. The State recognizes the role of women in nation-building, and shall ensure the fundamental equality before the law of women and men.Section 15. The State shall protect and promote the right to health of the people and instill health consciousness among them.Right of the people to health.Health is the state of physical, social and mental well-being rather than merely the absence of physical diseases.Section 16. The State shall protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature.Right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology.Ecology is that branch of science that deals with the study of the interrelationships of living things (organisms, plants and animals) and their environments.Section 17. The State shall give priority to education, science and technology, arts, culture, and sports to foster patriotism and nationalism, accelerate social progress, and promote total human liberation and development.Priority to education, science and technology, arts, culture and sports.Article XIV (Education, Science and Technology, Arts, Culture and Sports) Section 18. The State affirms labor as a primary social economic force. It shall protect the rights of workers and promote their welfare.Labor as a primary social economic force.Article XIII (Social Justice and Human Rights)

SECTION 3.Section 19. The State shall develop a self-reliant and independent national economy effectively controlled by Filipinos.Self-reliant and independent national economy.Article XII (National Economy and Patrimony)

SECTION 1.Section 20. The State recognizes the indispensable role of the private sector, encourages private enterprise, and provides incentives to needed investments.Section 21. The State shall promote comprehensive rural development and agrarian reform.Comprehensive rural development and agrarian reform.Comprehensive rural development covers all phases of rural development economic, social, political, cultural, and even industrial.Article XIII (Social Justice and Human Rights)

SECTIONS 4-6.

Article XII (National Economy and Patrimony)

SECTION 1.Section 22. The State recognizes and promotes the rights of indigenous cultural communities within the framework of national unity and development.Indigenous cultural communities refers to those non-dominant groups in our country which possess and wish to preserve ethnic, religious, or linguistic traditions or characteristics markedly different from the rest of the population.Section 23. The State shall encourage non-governmental, community-based, or sectoral organizations that promote the welfare of the nation.Section 24. The State recognizes the vital role of communication and information in nation-building.Section 25. The State shall ensure the autonomy of local governments.Autonomy - nagsasarili67Autonomy of local governments.Article X (Local Government) Section 26. The State shall guarantee equal access to opportunities for public service and prohibit political dynasties as may be defined by law.Section 27. The State shall maintain honesty and integrity in the public service and take positive and effective measures against graft and corruption.Section 28. Subject to reasonable conditions prescribed by law, the State adopts and implements a policy of full public disclosure of all its transactions involving public interest.