article garden-farm sample how to aerate soil

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How to Aerate Soil Problems associated with insects, diseases, watering techniques, and fertilization often complicate lawn care. Homeowners tend to overlook the problems associated with soil compaction, according to Clemson Cooperative Extension's Home and Garden Information Center. Compaction typically occurs in the top 4 inches of soil but varies widely based on thatch material, the nature of the soil content itself, and the amount of traffic it sustains. Aeration is an effective method of combating the impact of soil compaction and provides a wide range of benefits to any lawn. Benefits of Soil Aeration Aeration, just as it sounds, is primarily a means of adding air to compacted soil. Air is critical to the health of any plant system, grass lawns in particular. Oxygen not only promotes healthy root systems but also encourages the presence of important organisms that assist in the decomposition of thatch material, such as grass clippings. The thatch itself contributes to soil compaction over time, but when provided air, room to settle, and access to decomposing agents such as worms, thatch becomes a nutrientrich addition to the soil composition. This is essentially the process that composting attempts to recreate. Interplay of Soil and Water The aeration process also improves the interplay between soil and water. Providing gaps of air in the soil allows the root system to better access water. Tireless watering or the use of sprinklers yields no benefit if the water does not find the root system. Water runoff resulting from soil compaction also contributes to flooding problems. For this reason, claybased soils, or the presence of puddles are some of the telltale signs of a lawn in need of aeration. Stimulating Root Growth Tools used for soil aeration often sever roots or rhizomes in the process. Many types of root systems, particularly grass varieties, benefit from being trimmed. The damage to the root itself encourages new root growth. The new root growth in turn occupies space created through the aeration process. The result is an increased density, cushioning, and resiliency of the turf. Of course, a healthy root system also ensures more effective uptake of applied lawn fertilizer products as well.

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Page 1: Article Garden-Farm Sample How to Aerate Soil

How to Aerate SoilProblems associated with insects, diseases, watering techniques, and fertilization often complicatelawn care. Homeowners tend to overlook the problems associated with soil compaction, accordingto Clemson Cooperative Extension's Home and Garden Information Center. Compaction typicallyoccurs in the top 4 inches of soil but varies widely based on thatch material, the nature of the soilcontent itself, and the amount of traffic it sustains. Aeration is an effective method of combatingthe impact of soil compaction and provides a wide range of benefits to any lawn.

Benefits of Soil AerationAeration, just as it sounds, is primarily a means of adding air to compacted soil. Air is critical to

the health of any plant system, grass lawns inparticular. Oxygen not only promotes healthyroot systems but also encourages the presenceof important organisms that assist in thedecomposition of thatch material, such as grassclippings. The thatch itself contributes to soilcompaction over time, but when provided air,room to settle, and access to decomposingagents such as worms, thatch becomes anutrient­rich addition to the soil composition.

This is essentially the process that composting attempts to recreate.

Interplay of Soil and Water

The aeration process also improves the interplay between soil and water. Providing gaps of air inthe soil allows the root system to better access water. Tireless watering or the use of sprinklersyields no benefit if the water does not find the root system. Water runoff resulting from soilcompaction also contributes to flooding problems. For this reason, clay­based soils, or the presenceof puddles are some of the telltale signs of a lawn in need of aeration.

Stimulating Root Growth

Tools used for soil aeration often sever roots or rhizomes in the process. Many types of rootsystems, particularly grass varieties, benefit from being trimmed. The damage to the root itselfencourages new root growth. The new root growth in turn occupies space created through theaeration process. The result is an increased density, cushioning, and resiliency of the turf. Ofcourse, a healthy root system also ensures more effective uptake of applied lawn fertilizerproducts as well.

Page 2: Article Garden-Farm Sample How to Aerate Soil

How to Determine the Proper Aeration Tool for the JobSpiking and coring are the two basic methods of soil aeration. Which method to employ dependson the size of the area requiring aeration, the overall desired result, and the budget available.

Spiking Method

Spiking is a simple process that involves driving spikes into the soil to create pockets of air. Whileaeration occurs at the location of the spiking itself, the process canresult in further compacting in the areas surrounding the spikes.Generally, this process benefits the small­scale homeowner who maynot have the budget for more costly coring equipment. However,low­cost hand tools designed to pull core plugs are available.Otherwise, homeowners might even consider aerator sandals that

simply strap onto a pair of shoes.

Coring Method

The coring method of aeration involves driving aeration tines into the soil for the purpose ofremoving cores or plugs. The process results in roughly finger sizedgaps in the soil while avoiding the potential for compacting the othersoil in the area. Landowners or commercial landscapers are morelikely to require mechanized aeration tools or tow behindimplements fixed with coring tines. High­traffic areas, such as golfcourses, typically employ this methodology. The cores may also bebackfilled with a number of different substances that fulfill theaeration objective while serving the dual purpose of fertilization or

aesthetics.

Ideal Aeration Timing for Common Turf GrassesDifferent grass types benefit from soil aeration during particular growing seasons. Aeration duringthe proper time enhances root growth and improves grass growth.

Grass Type Ideal Aeration Season

Kentucky Bluegrass Fall

Zoysia grass Late spring, summer

Page 3: Article Garden-Farm Sample How to Aerate Soil

Centipede grass Late spring, summer

St. Augustine grass Late spring, summer

Tall Fescue Fall

Bermuda grass Late spring, summer

Carpet grass Late spring, summer

Generally, the late spring season falls between April and May. The summer season falls betweenJune and July. The fall season is between August and November.

ConclusionHomeowners caring for small­scale lawns and landscaping professionals maintaining largecommercial grounds must consider soil aeration in order to achieve successful and satisfyingresults. Aeration is a simple and cost­effective method to improve overall soil quality. There is amultitude of aeration tools available to suit consumer needs regardless of the scale of a particularoperation or its budgetary limitations. A basic assessment of the existing soil conditions and theneeds of the consumer assist in determining which garden tools are best for the job.

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