ArtPages 12-25

Greek and Roman ArtPages 12-15

Greek Art

Three Main Cultures

Cycladic -3200 to 2000 BCE-geometric nude figures-produced pottery

Minoan

-Minotaur & snake goddess-painted frescoes on palace walls and pottery designs

-built 4 major palaces

Mycenaean

-around Mycenae.-built large tombs

-mastered in gold smithing

Archaic Period (660-475 BCE)

-limestone & marble sculptures (depicted human features)-Temples using common decorative styles-many types of vases a. Corinthian black figures with floral backs b. Athenian large black figures c. Red Figure against black

Decorative Styles

Classical Art Pd. (475-323 BCE)

-Simple, but strong sculptures-Simple sculptures replaced by Contrapposto.

-Contrapposto displayed humans

in a realistic stance that gave them a life-like appearance.

Middle & Late Classical Pds.

Middle Classical Pd. -448-400 BCE -architectural advances in temples -Parthenon

a. restored in 447 BCE, destroyed in 480 BCE

b. use of columns c. feature of Western

Architecture for two thousand years

Late Classical Pd. -400-323 BCE -Architecture declined when Athens was defeated in Peloponnesian War. -temples built using Doric columns-columns later changed to Corinthian

Hellenistic Period

-331 to 323 BCE -Eastern influence -Greek styles blended with Asia Minor -freestanding sculptures such as Venus de Milo and Laccoön Group.

Etruscan Art

-Transition of Greek to Roman-arose in Italy in first millennium BCE

a. tomb decorationb. buildings constructed of

brick & woodc. ceramic models show

temples with tiled gabled roofs & Greek styled columns.

d. sarcophagus lids, baked clay artwork, and bronze work present.

e. paintings on walls & tomb ceilings that displayed figures playing music and dancing for Funerals.

Roman Art

Basics of Roman Art

-early art influenced by Etruscan art-By the second century BCE, art reflected Greek art styles-made many advances in architecture and engineering -made a concrete mixture to put in spaces of stone walls-Road system -Two major buildings

a. Colosseum (72-80 CE)b. Pantheon (117-125 CE)

Basics cont.-created many sculptures-created sculptures, tombs, and sarcophagi for funerals-created sculpted portraits -tiny carved portraits of the deceased for funeral purposes-made many types of vaults and arches

Byzantine and Medieval ArtPages 15-16

Byzantine Art

Basics of Byzantine

-Byzantine began with the fall of Rome.-well known art includes mosaics that has a Christian influence-Byzantium mosaics in churches such as Ravenna-Hagia Sophia is an example of great Byzantine architecture.

Medieval Period

Medieval Basics

-The art of this era was largely church based. -Books made by monks that were largely illustrated helped change the artistic ideas of northern and southern Europe. -Popular books include Book of Kells and Coronation Gospels.

Early Medieval Period

-375 to 1025 AD-Metal work was very popular during this period. -Abstract, creative, geometric pieces-Very popular amongst the Germanic peoples-Wood was also a very popular amongst Vikings. -Styles of the Vikings merged with Celtic Ireland and Anglo-Saxon ideas to create Hiberno-Saxon.

Later Medieval Art

-900 to 1500-decorative churches-Romanesque churches were the most popular. -These churches used the barrel vault type of arch. -massive walls were created to support churches. -many sculptures and paintings in churches.

Gothic Style

-Gothic styles applied to churches. -Included ribbed vaults & flying buttresses.

Renaissance in Southern Europe

Pages 16- 18

Renaissance Artists

Impacting Artists

-Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337) created realistic frescoes. -Lorenzo Ghiberti (1381-1455) created the doors for Florence’s Baptistery which depicted the sacrifice of Isaac. He also created the Gates of Paradise. -Filippo Brunelleschi (1377-1446) developed the linear (single vanishing point) perspective. -Masaccio (1401-1428) used both linear and aerial perspectives in his frescoes. -Donatello (1389-11466) is known for his dramatic and natural sculptures. -Botticelli (1444-1510 created the Birth of Venus.

High Renaissance Artists

-Leonardo da Vinci is a “Renaissance Man”. He is well known for his inventions as well as his paintings. This includes The Last Supper and Mona Lisa. -Da Vinci used sfumato in paintings, which is mellow colors with blurred outlines. -Michelangelo is well known painter and sculptor. His best work includes Moses, The Dying Slave, and The Bound Slave. -He is known for his work on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.

High Renaissance cont.

-Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520) was an influential painter. -Hired many people to help him-Best known for his frescoes, such as School of Athens. -Most influential painter of Madonna.

Venice Artists

-Giorgione (1477-1510) painted with landscape as the subject. -Titian Vecelli (1488-1576) created portraits of patrons. -Tintoretto (1518-1594) was a Mannerist, which meant he had distorted elements to his paintings. He also used light and dark contrasts (chiaroscuro).

Other influences and Artists

-The Protestant Reformation also impacted art. -The church reacted to the movement with the Counter Reformation. -Counter Reformation artists include Dominikos Theotokopoulos, also known as El Greco. -El Greco was influenced by Tintoretto’s mannerist style. -His works were considered transitional to the Baroque period.

Renaissance in Northern Europe

Pages 18-20

Renaissance Art Basics

Simple Ideas

-Northern Artists embraced Renaissance Ideas more than Southern Artists. -The way of displaying color and perspective in art was different in the North.

Well Known Artists

-Matthias Grünewald (1475-1528) and Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528) were great artists in Northern Europe. -Grünewald is best known for his depiction of The Crucifixion called the Isenheim Altarpiece. -Dürer is famous of Reformation Germany. He was influenced by Gothic works and Italian ideas. His most famous work includes The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse. -Hans Holbein the Younger (1497-1543) is another artist best known for his work in England of King Henry VIII.

Baroque ArtPages 20-22

Baroque Styles

Baroque Ideas

-Baroque refers to art from the late 1500s until around 1750. -Baroque Art is influenced by emotions and the Counter Reformation. -Enlightenment authors, such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau showed the conditions during this time through works.-Baroque period art was far from simple. It was very intricate and displayed many colors and emotions.

Baroque Artists

-Painters used chiaroscuro, which was to show huge contrasts between light and dark. -Caravaggio (1571-1610) was known for his extreme contrasts of light and dark. -Artemisia Gentilechi (1593-1652) was known for her self portraits and bible depictions. -Gianlorenzo Bernini (1598-1680) was known for his amazing sculpting, which includes his piece Ecstasy of Saint Teresa.-Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640) was an artist from Flanders whose pieces had great color and energy.

Artists cont.

-A Dutch artist, Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-1669) was known for his paintings: The Night Watch, Sortie of Captain Banning Cocq, and Company of the Civic Guard.

Baroque and Louis XIV

-Louis XIV thought it was important to influence art. -The Salon was set up to choose and support artists, and it set rules for judging art. -The Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture was established under Louis XIV’s rule as well.

Baroque and Spain

-In Spain, Diego Velazquez was considered “a contemporary of Bernini”. -Velazquez built his pieces from colors, and not drawing, -He influenced Impressionism.

Rococo, Neoclassicism, and Romanticism

Pages 22-23

Rococo Basics and Artists

-Rococo had an emphasis on lightly decorated art with gold and pastels. -Jean Antoine Watteau (1684-1721) was the creator of fête galante, which was art showing the “elegant” enjoying their regular activities. -Francois Boucher (1703-1770) created country scenes and emphasized nubile nudes. -Jean-Honore Fragonard’s (1732-1806) work reflected Boucher’s.

Neoclassicism Basics and Artists

-The neoclassical style challenged Rococo. -Artists like Jacques (1748-1825) Louis David influenced Neoclassicism and republican virtues. -He also created Oath of the Horatii. -His student Jean Dominique Ingres had a more geometrical edge to Neoclassical styles.

Romanticism Art

-This art was emotional and dreamlike that focused on exotic themes. -Important romantic artists include Eugene Delacroix (1798-1863), Theodore Gericault (1791-1824), and William Blake (1757-1827).

Realism and ImpressionismPages 23-24

Realism

-Realism was a reaction to Neoclassicism and Romanticism. -Shows all “real” aspects of the subject. -Artist Gustave Courbet (1819-1877) displayed ideas towards politics in his picture The Stonebreakers. -Other realistic artists include Honore Daumier and Jean Francios Miller.

Impressionism

-Grew from ideas against Salons from Louis XIV. -Artists like Edouard Manet (1832-1883) opposed the Salons and showed it though art like Luncheon on the Grass which was controversial.-Claude Monet (1840-1926) is also notable for his work such as Impression Sunrise. -Other artists include Camille Pissarro (1830-1903) and Alfred Sisley (1839-1899).

Post-Impressionism & other late 19th Century

DevelopmentsPages 24-25

Other Artists and Basic Ideas

-Paul Cezanne (1839-1906) suggested that painting could be simplified to shapes. -Georges Seurat (1859-1891) put an emphasis on scientific color in art. -Vincent Van Gogh (1853-1890) intensified color to portray human emotions in paintings such as Night Café. -Paul Gauguin (1848-1903) chose an “unschooled” pattern for his work. -New creations made it easier for impressionists to paint outdoors. -Edgar Degas (1834-1917) tried a photographic sense of art with Japanese flare.

-A group of artists in England, Pre-Raphaelites) attempted to go back to basic ideas of art. This created Art Nouveau, which was a decorative style of art.

Thank You! Спасибо!-Alexis Hutchinson