ART THROUGH THE ART THROUGH THE AGESAGES

EUROPEAN ART MOVEMENTS EUROPEAN ART MOVEMENTS FROM THE RENAISSANCE TO FROM THE RENAISSANCE TO

MODERNMODERN

ROMANESQUE & GOTHIC: THE ROMANESQUE & GOTHIC: THE PRELUDE TO THE RENAISSNACE PRELUDE TO THE RENAISSNACE

ROMANESQUE ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTUREARCHITECTURE

►DURING THE 11DURING THE 11THTH AND 12AND 12THTH CENTURIES MASTER CENTURIES MASTER BUILDERS BUILDERS REPLACED FLAT REPLACED FLAT WOODEN ROOFS WOODEN ROOFS WITH LONG, ROUND WITH LONG, ROUND STONE VAULTS STONE VAULTS KNOWN AS KNOWN AS BARREL BARREL VAULTSVAULTS

GOTHIC ARTGOTHIC ART

► GOTHIC CATHEDRALS GOTHIC CATHEDRALS WERE ONE OF THE WERE ONE OF THE GREATEST ARTISTIC GREATEST ARTISTIC TRIUMPHS OF THE TRIUMPHS OF THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES HIGH MIDDLE AGES (1050-1300)(1050-1300)

► CONSTRUCTION ON CONSTRUCTION ON THE CATHEDRAL OF THE CATHEDRAL OF NOTRE-DAME IN PARIS NOTRE-DAME IN PARIS STARTED IN 1163 AND STARTED IN 1163 AND ENDED IN 1300 ENDED IN 1300

INTERIOR OF A GOTHIC INTERIOR OF A GOTHIC CATHEDRALCATHEDRAL

ART PRIOR TO RENAISSANCEART PRIOR TO RENAISSANCE

FLAT , LACKING DEPTH & PERSPECTIVE

ART PRIOR TO THE ART PRIOR TO THE RENAISSANCERENAISSANCE

STIFF AND ARTIFICIAL

THE RENAISSANCETHE RENAISSANCE

► GIOTTO PAVES THE WAYGIOTTO PAVES THE WAY► b. 1266, GIOTTO WAS b. 1266, GIOTTO WAS

CONSIDERED A CONSIDERED A FORERUNNER OF ITALIAN FORERUNNER OF ITALIAN RENAISSANCE PAINTINGRENAISSANCE PAINTING

► A MORE REALISTIC A MORE REALISTIC APPROACHAPPROACH

► A DESIRE TO IMITATE A DESIRE TO IMITATE NATURENATURE

► HIS FIGURES WERE HIS FIGURES WERE SOLID & ROUNDED SOLID & ROUNDED

► 3- DIMENSIONAL, BUT 3- DIMENSIONAL, BUT APPROXIMATEAPPROXIMATE

RENAISSANCE & NATURERENAISSANCE & NATURE

► RENAISSANCE ARTISTS RENAISSANCE ARTISTS CONSIDERED THE CONSIDERED THE IMITATION OF NATURE IMITATION OF NATURE AS THEIR PRIMARY AS THEIR PRIMARY GOALGOAL

► HUMANS WERE PLACED HUMANS WERE PLACED IN THE CENTERIN THE CENTER

► MASACCIO (1401-1428) MASACCIO (1401-1428) PICKED UP WHERE PICKED UP WHERE GIOTTO LEFT OFF GIOTTO LEFT OFF

RENAISSANCE INTEREST IN RENAISSANCE INTEREST IN ANTIQUITYANTIQUITY

► RENAISSANCE RENAISSANCE ARTISTS HAD A ARTISTS HAD A KEEN INTEREST IN KEEN INTEREST IN CLASSICAL ART, CLASSICAL ART, PHILOSOPHY AND PHILOSOPHY AND VALUESVALUES

► BOTTICELLI’S BOTTICELLI’S PRIMAVERA PRIMAVERA IS IS CENTERED AROUND CENTERED AROUND VENUS (THE VENUS (THE GODDESS OF LOVE)GODDESS OF LOVE)

RAPHAEL’S RAPHAEL’S SCHOOL OF SCHOOL OF ATHENSATHENS

1511

DA VINCI’S DA VINCI’S LAST SUPPERLAST SUPPER

DAVID: TWO VERSIONSDAVID: TWO VERSIONSDONATELLO

MICHELANGELO

SISTINE CHAPEL: A SISTINE CHAPEL: A MASTERPIECEMASTERPIECE

1512

BRUNELLESCHI’S BRUNELLESCHI’S ARCHITECTUREARCHITECTURE

INTERIOR SAN LORENZO

DOME IN FLORENCE

THE RENAISSANCE MOVES THE RENAISSANCE MOVES NORTHNORTH

VAN EYCK

NORTHERN RENAISSANCE NORTHERN RENAISSANCE FOCUS ON RELIGIONFOCUS ON RELIGION

DURER

BRUEGHEL THE ELDERBRUEGHEL THE ELDER

HIGH RENAISSANCE: HIGH RENAISSANCE: MANNERISMMANNERISM MID-LATE 16 MID-LATE 16THTH

CENTURYCENTURY►MANNERIST ART IS MANNERIST ART IS

CHARACTERIZED BY A CHARACTERIZED BY A COMPLEX COMPLEX COMPOSITION, WITH COMPOSITION, WITH MUSCULAR & MUSCULAR & ELONGATED FIGURESELONGATED FIGURES

►MICHELANGELO AND MICHELANGELO AND EL GRECO WERE TWO EL GRECO WERE TWO PROMINENT ARTISTSPROMINENT ARTISTS

EL GRECO 1541-1614EL GRECO 1541-1614

1717TH-TH-CENTURY MOVEMENTS: THE CENTURY MOVEMENTS: THE DUTCH & BAROQUEDUTCH & BAROQUE

► THE GOLDEN AGE THE GOLDEN AGE OF DUTCH PAINTING OF DUTCH PAINTING WAS LED BY WAS LED BY REMBRANDT & REMBRANDT & VERMEERVERMEER

REMBRANDT

DUTCH 17DUTCH 17THTH CENTURY: CENTURY: VERMEERVERMEER

BAROQUE ART: A CATHOLIC BAROQUE ART: A CATHOLIC COUNTERCOUNTER

► Baroque Art emerged Baroque Art emerged around 1600, as an around 1600, as an reaction against the reaction against the intricate and formulaic intricate and formulaic Mannerist style which style which dominated the Late dominated the Late Renaissance. Baroque Renaissance. Baroque Art is less complex, Art is less complex, more realistic and more more realistic and more emotionally affecting emotionally affecting than Mannerism.than Mannerism.

CARAVAGGIO

BAROQUE ARTBAROQUE ART

CARRACCI’S ADORATION OF THE VIRGIN

BERNINI: A BAROQUE BERNINI: A BAROQUE MASTERMASTER

ROCOCOROCOCO

► The Rococo style The Rococo style succeeded succeeded Baroque Art in Europe. in Europe. It was centered in It was centered in France, and is France, and is generally associated generally associated with the reign of King with the reign of King Louis XV (1715-1774). Louis XV (1715-1774). It is a light, elaborate It is a light, elaborate and decorative style and decorative style of art.of art.

KING LOUIS XV

ROCOCO: 18ROCOCO: 18THTH-CENTURY -CENTURY ELEGANCEELEGANCE

WATTEAUWATTEAU

TIEPOLO: A ROCOCO MASTERTIEPOLO: A ROCOCO MASTER

NEO-CLASSICAL ART: MID 18NEO-CLASSICAL ART: MID 18THTH TO EARLY 19TO EARLY 19TH TH CENTURYCENTURY

► Neoclassical is a severe, Neoclassical is a severe, unemotional form of art unemotional form of art harkening back to the harkening back to the style of ancient Greece style of ancient Greece and Rome. Its rigidity and Rome. Its rigidity was a reaction to the was a reaction to the Rococo style and the style and the emotional emotional Baroque style. style. Part of a general revival Part of a general revival of classical thought, of classical thought, which was of some which was of some importance in the importance in the American and French American and French revolutions. revolutions.

MENGS

NEOCLASSICAL= NEW NEOCLASSICAL= NEW CLASSICALCLASSICAL

JACQUES-LOUIS DAVIDOATH OF HORATII

DAVID- NAPOLEON’S DAVID- NAPOLEON’S FAVORITEFAVORITE

ROMANTICISM: THE ANTI-ROMANTICISM: THE ANTI-CLASSICALCLASSICAL

► Late 18th Century to Mid 19th CenturyLate 18th Century to Mid 19th Century► Romanticism might best be described as anti-Classicism. A Romanticism might best be described as anti-Classicism. A

reaction against reaction against Neoclassicism, it is a deeply-felt style which , it is a deeply-felt style which is individualistic, beautiful, exotic, and emotionally wrought.is individualistic, beautiful, exotic, and emotionally wrought.

Although Romanticism and Neoclassicism were philosophically Although Romanticism and Neoclassicism were philosophically opposed, they were the dominant European styles for opposed, they were the dominant European styles for generations, and many artists were affected to a greater or generations, and many artists were affected to a greater or lesser degree by both. Artists might work in both styles at lesser degree by both. Artists might work in both styles at different times or even mix the styles, creating an different times or even mix the styles, creating an intellectually Romantic work using a Neoclassical visual style, intellectually Romantic work using a Neoclassical visual style, for example.for example.

Great artists closely associated with Romanticism include Great artists closely associated with Romanticism include J.M.W. Turner, , Caspar David Friedrich, , John Constable, and , and William Blake..

CASPAR DAVID FRIEDRICHCASPAR DAVID FRIEDRICH

J.M.W. TURNERJ.M.W. TURNER

RAIN, STEAM, SPEED

JOHN CONSTABLEJOHN CONSTABLE

ROMANTICS USED IMAGES OF NATURE IN THEIR WORK

REALISMREALISM►Mid-19th CenturyMid-19th Century► Realism is an Realism is an

approach to art in approach to art in which subjects are which subjects are portrayed in as portrayed in as straightforward straightforward manner as possible, manner as possible, without idealizing without idealizing them and without them and without following the rules following the rules of formal theory. of formal theory.

COURBET’S STONEBREAKERS

JEAN-FRANCOIS MILLETJEAN-FRANCOIS MILLET

THE GLEANERS

IMPRESSIONISMIMPRESSIONISM► Influence of Influence of

photographyphotography► Interest in light, Interest in light,

shadowshadow► Focus on everyday Focus on everyday

life—street scenes, life—street scenes, still lives, parks, etc.still lives, parks, etc.

► Interest in how Interest in how objects change in objects change in light over timelight over time

CLAUDE MONETCLAUDE MONET

BERTHE MORISOTBERTHE MORISOT

CAMILLE PISSARROCAMILLE PISSARRO

POST-IMPRESSIONISMPOST-IMPRESSIONISM

► Post-ImpressionismPost-Impressionism► France, 1880's to 1900France, 1880's to 1900► Post-Impressionism is an Post-Impressionism is an

umbrella term used to umbrella term used to describe a variety of artists describe a variety of artists who were influenced by who were influenced by Impressionism but took their but took their art in different directions.art in different directions.

There is no single well-There is no single well-defined style of Post-defined style of Post-Impressionism, but in Impressionism, but in general it is less casual and general it is less casual and more interested in formal more interested in formal structure and broad fields of structure and broad fields of color.color.

CEZANNE

PAUL GAUGUINPAUL GAUGUIN

JOYOUSNESS

VINCENT VAN GOGHVINCENT VAN GOGH

PointillismPointillismFrance, 1880'sFrance, 1880's►Pointillism is a form of painting in which Pointillism is a form of painting in which

the use of tiny primary-color dots is the use of tiny primary-color dots is used to generate secondary colors. It is used to generate secondary colors. It is an offshoot of an offshoot of Impressionism, and is , and is usually classified as a form of Post-usually classified as a form of Post-Impressionism. Pointillism is focused Impressionism. Pointillism is focused on the specific style of brushwork used on the specific style of brushwork used to apply the paint. to apply the paint.

GEORGES SEURATGEORGES SEURAT

Sunday Afternoon on the Island of Grand Jatte

INTO 20INTO 20THTH-CENTURY -CENTURY EXPRESSIONISMEXPRESSIONISM

► Centered in Germany, Centered in Germany, C.1905 to 1940'sC.1905 to 1940's

► Expressionism is a Expressionism is a style of art in which style of art in which the intention is not to the intention is not to reproduce a subject reproduce a subject accurately, but accurately, but instead to portray it instead to portray it in such a way as to in such a way as to express the inner express the inner state of the artist.state of the artist.

KANDINSKY’S IM BLAU

GEORGE GROSZGEORGE GROSZ

THE SCREAM: EDVARD THE SCREAM: EDVARD MUNCHMUNCH

CUBISMCUBISM► Europe, 1908-1920Europe, 1908-1920► Cubism was developed Cubism was developed

between about 1908 and between about 1908 and 1912 in a collaboration 1912 in a collaboration between Pablo Picasso and between Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. Their Georges Braque. Their influences were Tribal Art influences were Tribal Art and the work of Paul Cezanne. and the work of Paul Cezanne. The movement itself was not The movement itself was not long-lived or widespread, but long-lived or widespread, but it began an immense creative it began an immense creative explosion. Key concept of explosion. Key concept of Cubism is that the essence of Cubism is that the essence of objects can only be captured objects can only be captured by showing it from multiple by showing it from multiple points of view simultaneously.points of view simultaneously.

PICASSO SELF PORTRAIT

PABLO PICASSOPABLO PICASSO

GUERNICA

GEORGES BRAQUE GEORGES BRAQUE

The Glass of Absinthe

DadaDada

► Europe, 1916-1924Europe, 1916-1924► Dada was a protest by a Dada was a protest by a

group of European group of European artists against World War artists against World War I, bourgeois society, and I, bourgeois society, and the conservatism of the conservatism of traditional thought. Its traditional thought. Its followers used non followers used non sequiturs and absurdities sequiturs and absurdities to create artworks and to create artworks and performances which performances which defied intellectual defied intellectual analysisanalysis

JEAN ARP

MARCEL DUCHAMPMARCEL DUCHAMPTHE FOUNTAIN 1917

DUCHAMPDUCHAMP

FuturismFuturism

► Italy, 1909-1914Italy, 1909-1914► Futurism is an Italian Futurism is an Italian

modernist movement modernist movement celebrating the celebrating the technological era. It technological era. It was largely inspired by was largely inspired by the development of the development of Cubism. The core Cubism. The core themes of Futurist themes of Futurist thought and art were thought and art were machinesmachines and and motionmotion. .

UMBERTO BOCCIONI

UMBERTO BOCCIONIUMBERTO BOCCIONI

CARLO CARRACARLO CARRA

MANIFESTAZIONE INTERVENTISTA 1912

SurrealismSurrealism► Europe, 1924 to 1950'sEurope, 1924 to 1950's

► Surrealism is a style in which fantastic visual Surrealism is a style in which fantastic visual imagery from the subconscious mind is used imagery from the subconscious mind is used with no intention of making the artwork with no intention of making the artwork logically comprehensible. Founded by logically comprehensible. Founded by Andre Breton in 1924, it was a primarily Andre Breton in 1924, it was a primarily European movement which attracted many European movement which attracted many members of the chaotic Dada movement. It members of the chaotic Dada movement. It was deeply influenced by the psychoanalytic was deeply influenced by the psychoanalytic work of Freud and Jung. work of Freud and Jung.

RENE MAGRITTERENE MAGRITTE

SALVADOR DALISALVADOR DALI

The Persistence of Memory

Abstract ExpressionismAbstract Expressionism

► Centered in New York City, 1946 to 1960'sCentered in New York City, 1946 to 1960's► Abstract Expressionism is a form of art in which the Abstract Expressionism is a form of art in which the

artist expresses himself purely through the use of artist expresses himself purely through the use of form and color. It is form of non-representational, or form and color. It is form of non-representational, or non-objective, art, which means that there are no non-objective, art, which means that there are no concrete objects represented.concrete objects represented.    Now considered to be the first American artistic Now considered to be the first American artistic movement of worldwide importance, the term was movement of worldwide importance, the term was originally used to describe the work of Arshile originally used to describe the work of Arshile Gorky, Willem de Kooning, and Jackson Pollock.Gorky, Willem de Kooning, and Jackson Pollock.

ARSHILE GORKYARSHILE GORKY

How My Mother's Embroidered Apron Unfolds in My Life

WILLEM DE KOONINGWILLEM DE KOONING

WOMEN ON A BICYCLE 1952

POLLOCKPOLLOCK

NUMBER 22

POSTMODERN ARTPOSTMODERN ART

►The remaining slides are widely considered The remaining slides are widely considered to be Postmodern. Started after WWII to be Postmodern. Started after WWII (many feel it began in the 1960s) this (many feel it began in the 1960s) this movement reflects a tendency in art, movement reflects a tendency in art, thought and culture, to distrust objectivity, thought and culture, to distrust objectivity, authority, universality, and moral and authority, universality, and moral and ideological absolutes. Postmodern artists ideological absolutes. Postmodern artists tend to mix styles, cultures, techniques, tend to mix styles, cultures, techniques, and high and low forms. Often ironic or and high and low forms. Often ironic or critical. critical.

Pop ArtPop Art

► 1950's to 1960's1950's to 1960's► Pop Art is a style of art which explores the Pop Art is a style of art which explores the

everyday imagery which is part of everyday imagery which is part of contemporary consumer culture. Common contemporary consumer culture. Common sources include advertisements, consumer sources include advertisements, consumer product packaging, celebrities, and comic product packaging, celebrities, and comic strips.strips.

Leading Pop artists include Robert Leading Pop artists include Robert Rauschenberg, Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, Rauschenberg, Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, and Jaspar Johns. and Jaspar Johns.

ANDY WARHOLANDY WARHOL

M

A

R

I

L

Y

N

WARHOLWARHOL

ROY LICHTENSTEINROY LICHTENSTEIN

LICHTENSTEINLICHTENSTEIN

JASPAR JOHNSJASPAR JOHNS

OPTICAL ARTOPTICAL ART

► 1950's to 1960's1950's to 1960's► Optical Art is a Optical Art is a

mathematically-mathematically-oriented form of oriented form of (usually) Abstract art, (usually) Abstract art, which uses repetition of which uses repetition of simple forms and colors simple forms and colors to create vibrating to create vibrating effects, moiré patterns, effects, moiré patterns, an exaggerated sense an exaggerated sense of depth, foreground-of depth, foreground-background confusion, background confusion, and other visual effects. and other visual effects.

BRIDGET RILEY

M.C. ESCHERM.C. ESCHER

MORE ESCHER: BECAUSE ITS MORE ESCHER: BECAUSE ITS COOLCOOL

PHOTOREALISMPHOTOREALISM

1960's to 1970's1960's to 1970's► Photorealism is a movement which began in Photorealism is a movement which began in

the late 1960's, in which scenes are painted the late 1960's, in which scenes are painted in a style closely resembling photographs. in a style closely resembling photographs. The subject matter is usually mundane and The subject matter is usually mundane and without particular interest; the true subject without particular interest; the true subject of a photorealist work is the way we of a photorealist work is the way we unconsciously interpret photographs and unconsciously interpret photographs and paintings in order to create a mental image paintings in order to create a mental image of the object represented. of the object represented.

CHUCK CLOSECHUCK CLOSE

ROBERT ESTESROBERT ESTES

MINIMALISMMINIMALISM

Emerged in the 1960'sEmerged in the 1960's► Minimalism is a style of Minimalism is a style of

art in which objects are art in which objects are stripped down to their stripped down to their elemental, geometric elemental, geometric form, and presented in form, and presented in an impersonal manner. an impersonal manner. It is an Abstract form of It is an Abstract form of art which developed as art which developed as a reaction against the a reaction against the subjective elements of subjective elements of Abstract Abstract Expressionism. Expressionism.

FRANK STELLA

ELLSWORTH KELLYELLSWORTH KELLY

Guggenheim—Bilbao Guggenheim—Bilbao

Guggenheim—F.L. WrightGuggenheim—F.L. Wright

Essay PracticeEssay PracticeCompare the ways in which the two works of art reproduced below express the artistic, philosophical, and cultural values of their times.

Michelangelo, David, 1504 Giacametti, Man Pointing, 1947