art in history t hematic p ower p oint erica freeman 10-21-10 a.p. american history period. 6
TRANSCRIPT
ART IN HISTORY THEMATIC POWER POINT
Erica Freeman10-21-10A.P. American History Period. 6
CHAPTERS 1-3
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By an Aztec ArtistIn simple colors of almost no verityShows a man using a tool to dig out a cropThe man is only wearing a loin clothSymbolizes that the peoples of Mesoamerica developed a grater verity of cultivated crops than any other region in the worldThis helped the civilization survive
HU
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Painted on a piece of red-on-buff potteryMade by the Hohokams (1000 c.e.)
The first irrigation farmers
This piece of art work is a bowl type object Tribal like figures (dancing) are painted around it
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The New Queen Being Taken to the KingEngraving by in the 16th century inspired by a drawing by Jacques le Moyne an early French colonist of FloridaIn this time period Florida communities were hierarchical, with classes and hereditary chiefs, some being women-In this engraving a “queen” is depicted being carried on an ornamental litter by men of rank
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ColorfulMade in the 15th centuryThe essayist Montaigne talked with several American Indians at the French court who “noticed among us some men gorged to the full with things of every sort while their other halves were beggars at their doors, emaciated with hunger and poverty” and “found it strange that these poverty stricken halves should suffer such injustice, and that they did not take the others by the throat or set fire to their houses.”This picture depicts the peasants working in the field and begging at the wall to a huge castle(not shown in this version) Above this a semi-circle with what seems to depict the time of year (it is in a different language)
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Struck TenochtitlánBlack and white1520Drawings of people dying from smallpox“There came amongst us a great sickness, a general plague,” reads the account,” killing vast numbers of people. It covered many all over with sores: on the face, on the head, on the chest, everywhere… The sores were so terrible that the victims could not lie face down, nor on their backs, nor move from one side to the other. And when they tried to move even a little, they cried out in agony.”
WATER
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Jacques le Moyne
1564
Shows the Timucuas of coastal Florida and the colonists of the French colony of Fort Caroline having friendly relations
The Timucuans had hoped that the French would help defend them against the Spanish who were in pursuit of Indian slaves
This shows the Indians welcoming the French with a picnic of sorts
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Unknown artist 1648Yellow tinted colorsThe queen has her hand on a globe
Symbolizing the rising sea power of England
The open windows in the background shows
the battle against the Spanish Armada in 1588
and the destruction of the Spanish ships in a providential storm
interpreted by the queen as an act of divine intervention
TH
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1585 by John WhiteBrown colorsShows eighteen longhouses surrounded by a palisaded enclosure with a guarded entrance (almost like a wall enclosure made of wood)The house with the pyramid-shaped roof is thought to have been a ceremonial center
TH
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Unknown Boston artist1670Puritan children
David, Joanna and Abigail Mason
They are dressed in finery
An indication of wealth and prominence of their family
The cane in David’s hand symbolizes his position as the male heirThe rose in the hand of Abigail symbolizes childhood innocence
TH
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1651
Now New York
The Dutch intended to construct a fur trade network that extended far into the continent
They paddle in dugout canoes
25 years after its founding, the Dutch settlement still occupied only the lower tip of Manhattan Island
TERMS Engraving
the art of forming designs by cutting, corrosion by acids, a photographic process, etc., on the surface of a metal plate, block of wood, or the like, for or as for the purpose of taking off impressions or prints of the design so formed.
Symbolism the practice of representing things by symbols, or of
investing things with a symbolic meaning or character. Oil painting
the process of painting with pigments that are bound with a medium of drying oil
Watercolor The medium or the resulting artwork, in which the paints are
made of pigments suspended in a water soluble vehicle. Pottery
Ceramic ware, esp. earthenware and stoneware; objects that are first shaped of wet clay, and then hardened by baking.
IMPORTANT PEOPLE
Jacques le Moyne Jacques LeMoyne was a French artist who
came to Florida with Rene de Laudonniere, a French explorer, in 1564. LeMoyne was the first artist to visit the new world. He traveled through North Florida, charting the coastline and the lives of the Timucua Indians.
Theodor de Bry Theodor De Bry is best known for his
series of volumes chronicling many of the earliest expeditions to the Americas. De Bry was a Frankfurt goldsmith, engraver, print-seller and book-seller.
QUESTIONS
1. What is one example of symbolism in these forms of art listed above?
a) The Mesoamericans farmingb) The human figures on the pottery dancingc) The feast that the Timucuas prepared for the Frenchd) The cane held by David Mason
B
2. Who was the first artist to enter the New World?
a) Theodor de Bryb) Leonardo Da Vinci c) Jacques le Moyned) David Mason
C
3. Who engraved famous artwork?
a) Theodor de Bryb) Leonardo Da Vinci c) Jacques le Moyned) David Mason
A
4. What is engraving in the art world?
a) The art of forming designs by cutting, corrosion, etc., on the surface of an object
b) The art of carving totem polesc) A way to illustrate newspapersd) The art of forming designs by cutting patterns onto
canvas
A
5. How is pottery made?
a) Shaped ceramic ware left out to dryb) Shaped ceramic ware that is never driedc) Shaped ceramic ware bakedd) Shaped ceramic ware that is spun until dried
C
6. What is done to the pigments on an oil painting?
a) They are bound with drying oilb) They are bound with natural oils from an animalc) They are painted on the canvas first followed by a
coat of oild) They are painted on the canvas after a coat of oil is
painted on
A
7. What is done to the pigments in a watercolor?
a) They are painted on the canvas first followed by a coat of water
b) They are painted on the canvas after a coat of water is painted on
c) They are suspended in waterd) They are mixed in with water and oil
C
8. What is the sickness that killed many in Tenochtitlán?
a) Measles b) Chicken Poxc) Poison Ivyd) Small Pox
D
9. In the painting of “The Mason Children” what does their clothing tell about them?
a) They are poorb) They are wealthyc) They are settlersd) They are Indians
B
10. In the earlier art the people are drawn in the fashion of what?
a) Tribalb) Realisticc) Cartoond) Animals
A
SOURCES Photos
http://www.keyshistory.org/tumucanwedding2.jpg http://wwwdelivery.superstock.com/Image/4069/Thumb/4069-6984.jpg http://humanpast.net/images/Hohokam3.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Les_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_
du_duc_de_Berry_octobre_detail.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/FlorentineCodex_BK12_F54_smal
lpox.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Elizabeth_I_Armada_Portrait_Britis
h_School.jpg http://www.virtualjamestown.org/images/white_debry/white_31_big.GIF http://www.steveartgallery.se/upload1/file-admin/images/new4/unknow%20artist-4927
73.jpg http://cache2.asset-cache.net/xc/51246189.jpg?v=1&c=IWSAsset&k=2&d=45B0EB33
81F7834DF603592FD303FF231BCE97771A966A051786C2ED51971725 http://www.johnfishersr.net/images_fia/fia1987may.jpg
Information http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/engraving http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/symbolism http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_painting http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watercolor_painting http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pottery http://fcit.usf.edu/florida/lessons/lemoyne/lemoyne.htm http://www.philaprintshop.com/debry.html
CHAPTERS 4-6
WHAT IS ART? Art is considered the product or process of
deliberately arranging symbolic elements in a way that influences and affects the senses, emotions, and/or intellect.
It encompasses a diverse range of human activities, creations, and modes of expression, including music literature film photography sculpture And paintings.
Generally, art is made with the intention of stimulating thoughts and emotions.
ART IN AFRICAN AMERICAN CULTURE FROM 1441 – 1770 Country born slaves provided development and
evolution of their culture Molded themselves into new people This caused distinctive patterns
in dance in music oral tradition
They mostly did not have written literature which is a form of art Story telling
Instead they had oral literature Created creative thoughts Led to telling the stories through painting, weaving, pottery
etc. And in religion (death and burial)
Decorated graves with shells and pottery old custom
Dance was a form of worship
ART IN AFRICAN AMERICAN CULTURE FROM 1441 – 1770 CONTINUED Dance and music
Came before common language 18th century observers commented on the musical and rhythmic gifts
of Africans Thomas Jefferson African remembered their people as dancers, musicians and poets also
Most Africans were accomplished at playing Stringed instruments Drums
Mastered the art of European violin Guitar
They recreated instruments, that they used in Africa, in America Banjo
There style Featured improvisation Rhythmic complexity
Drums were outlawed due to fear that they were a secret way of communicating The slaves ended up using bones, spoons, or sticks Or just “patting juba”
Slapping their thighs
AFRICAN AMERICAN ART INFLUENCES
Culinary arts Basket weaving Wood carving Architectural designs
High, peaked roofs Broad, shady porches
Ironworking Dance and music
Influences back and forth between cultures
TRADITIONAL CULTURE IN THE NEW WORLD DEALING WITH ART
Oral cultures Depending on the transmission of information by
the spoken word rather than through print story telling song music and other crafts
Women could become involved in spinning
LITERATURE IN COLONIAL AMERICA Literature was not primarily used as a form of
entertainment but more as a way to inspire and inform others before the Enlightenment People like Benjamin Franklin created fictional characters
to inform He used some entertainment in these writings but mostly that was
not the main goal The Enlightenment
Benjamin Franklin was quoted, “The culture of minds by the finer arts and sciences was necessarily postponed to times of more wealth and leisure… these times are come.”
A rising demand for drama, poetry, essays, novels and history occurred
Including William Shakespeare John Milton The essays of Joseph Addison Richard Steele Jonathan Swift Samuel Johnson And editions of the classics
ART IN INDEPENDENCE
In this time period literature was the main form of art Documents and quotes were used with
descriptive language and use of literary symbolism For example: The Declaration of Independence is full is
meaning behind the words and big language. Many say that this document was created to be read
in turn by a large amount of people due to the music and pattern behind the words.
ART IN INDEPENDENCE CONTINUED
Famous works of art were also inspired by this time period Boston Massacre by Paul Revere
This was a print, originally from a Boston Engraver
Inaccurate by created much propaganda
Such as The Battle of Bunker Hill by John Trumbull He was earned the title of “the
Painter of the Revolution”
TERMS Spinning: an ancient textile art in which plant,
animal or synthetic fibers are twisted together to form yarn.
Ironwork: Anything made of iron, or consists largely of it, especially when used for decoration
Culinary Arts: the art of cooking. It is also a skill that is attained by study, practice, or observation related to the preparation of food
Banjo: a stringed instrument with, typically, four or five strings, which vibrate a membrane of plastic material or animal hide stretched over a circular frame. Simpler forms of the instrument were fashioned by enslaved Africans in Colonial America, adapted from several African instruments of the same basic design.
Literature: creative writing of recognized artistic value; the art of written works
IMPORTANT PEOPLE John Trumbull: was an American artist
during the period of the American Revolutionary War and was notable for his historical paintings. His Declaration of Independence (one of his paintings) was used on the reverse of the two-dollar bill. He was considered “the Painter of the Revolution”
Benjamin Franklin: was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. A noted polymath, Franklin was a leading author and printer, satirist, political theorist, politician, postmaster, scientist, inventor, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat.
QUESTIONS
1. Who was “the Painter of the Revolution”?
a) Benjamin Franklinb) Paul Reverec) John Miltond) John Trumbull
D
2. What were African Americans widely described as?
a) Musicalb) Strongc) Not artistic d) Good painters
A
3. How does Benjamin Franklin have anything to do with art
a) He does notb) He was an inspired painterc) He owned slaves that were artisticd) He wrote creative literature
D
4. What is spinning?
a) Knittingb) A type of dancingc) Creating yarn d) Creating blankets
C
5. How can ironwork be an art?
a) It is notb) You can make designs c) You can paint with the melted irond) You can make instruments and play them
B
6. The Declaration of Independence is considered an art because
a) It is a songb) It is notc) It has hidden meaningd) It is an painting
C
7. In what time period did the arts become more in demand?
a) The Enlightenmentb) The Inspired timec) The Ward) The Great Depression
A
8. What is an example of instrument that the African Americans recreated?
a) Violinb) Guitarc) Banjod) Drumming
C
9. Art includes
a) Musicb) Literaturec) Paintingd) All of the above
D
10. How was art involved in burial
a) They dancedb) They decorated the graves c) They sangd) All of the above
D
SOURCES Photos
http://phobos.ramapo.edu/~eshannon/AmericanSurvey1folder/SurveyIimages/spinningwheel.jpeg
http://www.elcivics.com/images/benjamin-franklin.jpg http://famouspoetsandpoems.com/pictures/john_trumbull.jpg http://www.earlyamerica.com/review/winter96/enlargement.html http://www.artinthepicture.com/artists/John_Trumbull/bunker.jpeg http://www.dv247.com/assets/products/37264_l.jpg
Information http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art http://www.picturesilove.com/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinning_(textiles) en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ironwork www.best-culinary-schools.info/culinary-definitions.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjo wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
CHAPTERS 7-9
BENJAMIN WEST
The first American to achieve artistic prominence in the artistic world of Europe
Originally from Pennsylvania Left to England There he became popular as a painter of
historical scenes Death of General Wolfe was one of his more
acclaimed paintings Remained in England after the revolution
JOHN SINGLETON COPLEY
Originally from Boston Also moved to England This was due to his loyalist sentiments He was a portraitist His work was renowned for the truth and
straightforwardness of his depictions He did a famous portrait of Samuel Adams Remained in England after the revolution
GILBERT STUART
Copley and West’s most promising student
Fashionable style Portrait of Joseph Brant (Mohawk leader) Stuart returned to heroes in Philadelphia Eventually grew into a famous museum
of curios, reflecting his interest in natural history, archaeology and exotic cultures
The chaotic arrangement of exhibits was said to be like Peale’s Jeffersonian politics
Part science part circus The collection was purchased by the
pioneer American entertainer P.T. Barnum
JOHN TRUMBULL From Connecticut Predicted America’s rise Went to Yale Served as a soldier in the
Revolution Went to London to study with
West Painted The Battle of Bunker
Hill From that painting he made a
series of revolutionary scenes He was concerned with
documentary detail in his scenes of the birth of America
ARCHITECTURE
Nationalism was also present The greatest architectural project of the day
was the new federal capital cityNamed for President Washington
Jefferson, “Architecture is worth great attention as we double our numbers every twenty years, we must double our houses. It is, then, among the most important arts; and it is desirable to introduce taste into an art which shows so much.”
ARCHITECTURE CONTINUED
Asher BenjaminThe Country Builder’s Assistant was a hand
book written by himHe was from New EnglandFederal Style
Restrained classicism He popularized an American variant of the Georgian
style He emphasized the economy of decoration He recommended the use of indigenous materials Urban buildings were undertaken in the coastal cities
during the shipping boom due to this restrained classicism
POST REVOLUTION LITERATURE
Higher demand for booksDictionariesDramasFictional based materialPolitical
TERMS Portraitist
A person who makes portraits, especially a painter or photographer.
Art exhibit traditionally the space in which art objects (in the most
general sense) meet an audience Classicism
The imitation or use primarily of the style and aesthetic principles of ancient Greek and Roman classical art and literature; in modern times, it also refers to the adoption of such principles in music.
Federal-style architecture The name for the classicizing architecture built in the United
States between c. 1780 and 1830, and particularly from 1785 to 1815. This style shares its name with its era, the Federal Period.
Curios something (as a decorative object) considered novel, rare, or
bizarre
IMPORTANT PEOPLE Benjamin West
An Anglo-American painter of historical scenes around and after the time of the American War of Independence. He was the second president of the Royal Academy in London.
Asher Benjamin An American architect and author
whose work transitioned between Federal style architecture and the later Greek Revival. His seven handbooks on design deeply influenced the look of cities and towns throughout New England until the Civil War. Builders also copied his plans in the Midwest and in the South.
QUESTIONS
1. What was in higher demand after the Revolution?
a) Paintingsb) Booksc) Mapsd) Guns
B
2. What was Benjamin West Famous for?
a) Paintingb) Writing booksc) Playing musicd) Singing
A
3. What type of architecture was often used?
a) There was no type, it was randomb) Portraitistc) Nationalism d) Federal
D
4. Who was Copley and West’s most promising student?
a) Gilbert Stuartb) Asher Benjaminc) Joseph Brant d) John Trumbull
A
5. What is a portraitist?
a) A person who makes portraits of him/her selfb) A person who is against the making of portraitsc) A person who makes portraits, in generald) A person who makes portraits using only paint
C
6. The Battle of Bunker Hill was painted by whom?
a) Gilbert Stuartb) Jeffersonc) Asher Benjamind) John Trumbull
D
7. Who was quoted about the reason why architecture was an important art?
a) Washingtonb) Jeffersonc) Asher Benjamind) Benjamin West
B
8. Who served as a soldier in the Revolution?
a) Gilbert Stuartb) Asher Benjaminc) Joseph Brant d) John Trumbull
D
9. Who was the first American to achieve artistic prominence in the artistic world of Europe
a) Gilbert Stuartb) Asher Benjaminc) Benjamin Westd) John Trumbull
C
10. Who had a chaotic arrangement of exhibits?
a) Gilbert Stuartb) Asher Benjaminc) Benjamin Westd) John Trumbull
A
SOURCES
Photos and Information http://www.thefreedictionary.com/portraitist http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_exhibition http://en.mimi.hu/architecture/classicism.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_architecture http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/curios http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asher_Benjamin http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_West http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
File:The_death_of_general_warren_at_the_battle_of_bunker_hill.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert_Stuart http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Singleton_Copley
CHAPTERS 10-12
AMERICAN ARTS AND LETTERS 1824-1840 The Age of the Common Man During Jackson’s Presidency There was a widespread interest in literature of all
kinds This age was when American writers and painters
found national themes This allowed them to produce the first distinctively
American literature and other art types The spread of the written word
The transportation revolution improved communication with different types of literature
Rise in the number of newspapers, magazines and books
The print revolution in 1826 helped the growth too Steamed power press
AMERICAN ARTS AND LETTERS CON.
American Culture in ArtPhiladelphia’s American
Philosophical society Helped American art and literature Founded by Ben Franklin
Famous authors Washington Irving James Fenimore Cooper Ralph Waldo
AMERICAN ARTS AND LETTERS CON.
AMERICAN ARTS AND LETTERS CON. Western Painters
Albert Bierstadt Thomas Moran John James Audubon
Striking and grotesque etchings of American birds George Caleb Bingham
Accomplished genre painter Produced tidied-up scenes of American workers
Realists Romantics Drew on the dramatic western landscape and its people Their art was an important contribution to the American
sense of land and to the nation’s identity They all were inspired to record and celebrate American life The most prevalent scene was the American wilderness
Ironically this was endangered by the rapid western settlement
AMERICAN ARTS AND LETTERS CON. Buildings
Public building tended to be the monumental neoclassical style (with columns) This was also used with buildings that tried to produce a
certain essence such as banks There were many odd building choices
Mansions for southern plantations Medieval prisons
America was not in a hurry to “build for the future” They mostly used a balloon-frame structure
Basic frame of wooden studs fastened with crosspieces top and bottom
Cheap Easy Quick Strong Somewhat insulated Housing for the common man and his family
TERMS Steamed Power Press
a device for applying pressure and steam to an inked surface resting upon a print medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink
Realism refers to the general attempt to depict subjects "in accordance
with secular, empirical rules", as they are considered to exist in third person objective reality, without embellishment or interpretation.
Romanticism was a complex artistic, literary and intellectual movement that
originated in the second half of the 18th century in Europe, and gained strength in reaction to the Industrial Revolution.
Neoclassical Architecture tends to emphasize its planar qualities, rather than sculptural
volumes. Projections and recessions and their effects of light and shade are flatter; sculptural bas-reliefs are flatter and tend to be enframed in friezes, tablets or panels
Genre Painter Paints pictorial representations in any of various media that
represent scenes or events from everyday life
IMPORTANT PEOPLE
Thomas Cole an English-born American artist. He is regarded
as the founder of the Hudson River School, an American art movement that flourished in the mid-19th century
George Catlin was an American painter, author and traveler
who specialized in portraits of Native Americans in the Old West
QUESTIONS
1. What did American’s mostly build for their homes?
a) Balloon frame structures b) Neoclassical structuresc) Mansions
A
2. What does a genre painter paint?
a) Paintings of a specific genreb) Paintings of a specific type of thing (i.e. all animals
or all people)c) Everyday things
C
3. What did Thomas Cole inspire?
a) Landscape paintingsb) Genre paintingsc) Neoclassical architecture
A
4. Did all homes looks almost uniformly the same?
a) Yesb) No there were odd homes but most were similarc) There was never a typical home style
B
5. What was a steamed power press used for?
a) Making yarnb) Pressing cloth (ironing)c) Making print copies
C
6. The age Age of the Common Man was during…
a) Jackson’s presidency b) Jefferson’s presidencyc) The end of slavery
A
7. What were western painters known as?
a) Realistsb) Romanticsc) Both
C
8. What did Ben Franklin found?
a) Virginia’s American Philosophical society b) Philadelphia’s American Philosophical society c) Massachusetts American Philosophical society
D
9. What did George Catlin paint?
a) Buildingsb) Native Americansc) Landscapes
B
10. The number of books ____ during this time period.
a) Roseb) Fellc) Stayed the same
A
SOURCES
Information http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printing_press http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genre_painter http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Neoclassical_architecture#Characteristics http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantics http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realism_(arts) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Cole http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Catlin
CHAPTERS 13-15
THE ANTEBELLUM PERIOD/ THE SECOND GREAT AWAKENING IN THE 1820’S- 1850’S
Time when artistic movements occurred Writer’s works emphasized independence of
individuals Walt Whitman
Leaves of Grass (Book)
Art was becoming more accepted into societyThe theater was becoming more popular
Not considered a good job
Hudson River School
HUDSON RIVER SCHOOL CON.A school for landscape paintings (mostly made with oil paint)The best know native development of landscape art
Influenced by Düsseldorf School of PaintingMany Americans trained there
Landscape art is a term that covers the depiction of natural scenery such as mountains, valleys, trees, rivers, and forests, and especially art where the main subject is a wide view, with its elements arranged into a coherent composition.
HUDSON RIVER SCHOOL CON.
A school like this had never been done in America before and it also introduced the Landscape style of painting. The works are now very valuable because
the start of landscape painting and the start of this school is a huge step for art in AmericaArt was much more common in other countries
such as EnglandThe school was considered an “Art
Movement”They portrayed the greatness of nature in
AmericaThemes of romanticism and Naturalism
HUDSON RIVER SCHOOL CON.
HUDSON RIVER SCHOOL CON.
HUDSON RIVER SCHOOL CON.Inspired by
Artists in European countriesEmerson ThoreauWilliam CullenBryantWhitman
They believed that art wasA vehicle through which the universal mind could reach the mind of man kind
an agent of moral and spiritual transformation
TERMS Landscape
a term that covers the depiction of natural scenery such as mountains, valleys, trees, rivers, and forests, and especially art where the main subject is a wide view, with its elements arranged into a coherent composition. In other works landscape backgrounds for figures can still form an important part of the work.
Oil Painting Oil painting is the process of painting with
pigments that are bound with a medium of drying oil
Sketching a rapidly executed freehand drawing that is not
intended as a finished work
TERMS CON. Theater
a branch of the performing arts. While any performance may be considered theatre, as a performing art, it focuses almost exclusively on live performers creating a self-contained drama
Romanticism (art) a complex artistic, literary, and intellectual
movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Europe, and gained strength in reaction to the Industrial Revolution. In part, it was a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalisation of nature, and was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature, but had a major impact on historiography, education and natural history
IMPORTANT PEOPLE Worthington Whittredge
An American artist of the Hudson River School. He was a highly regarded artist of his time, and was friends with several leading Hudson River School artists including Albert Bierstadt and Sanford Robinson Gifford. He traveled widely and excelled at landscape painting, many examples of which are now in major museums. He served as president of the National Academy of Design from 1874 to 1875.
Albert Bierstadt A German-American painter best known for his
large, detailed landscapes of the American West. In obtaining the subject matter for these works, Bierstadt joined several journeys of the Westward Expansion. Though not the first artist to record these sites, Bierstadt was the foremost painter of these scenes for the remainder of the 19th century.
QUESTIONS
1. Sketching is…
a) A drawing that takes a lot of timeb) A drawing that takes a short amount of timec) A fully detailed and completed work of art
B
2. Who had the most impact to landscape painting in America?
a) Thomas Coleb) Albert Bierstadt c) Asher B. Durand
A
3. What was the first landscape painting school in America?
a) Manhattan River Schoolb) The Düsseldorf School of Paintingc) Hudson River School
C
4. Was American art advanced at this time period?
a) Yes b) Noc) In the middle
B
5. What Period did artistic movement occur (1820s-1850s)?
a) The Antebellum Periodb) The Second Great Awakening c) They are the same
C
6. Literature stressed the ______ of individuals.
a) Independenceb) Dependencec) Changes
A
7. Art in this time was MOST influenced by
a) The discoveries of new lands b) Poetry and Literature c) Scientific discoveries
A
8. What is oil Painting?
a) Process of painting with pigments that are bound with a medium of animal fat
b) Process of painting with pigments that are bound with a medium of drying oil
c) Process of painting with pigments that are mixed with a medium of suspended oil
B
9. Did Romanticism further advance art?
a) Yes b) No, it stayed the samec) No, it made us work rather than be involved with art
(it reversed the art advancement)
A
10. What is a landscape painting?
a) A painting of an individualb) A painting with a wide viewc) A painting of architecture
B
SOURCES
Informationhttp://www.exampleessays.com/
viewpaper/13918.htmlhttp://www.artchive.com/artchive/C/
cole.htmlhttp://www.pbs.org/wnet/ihas/icon/
hudson.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Landscape_arthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
List_of_Hudson_River_School_artists
CHAPTERS 16 AND 17
A NEW MEDIUM OF PHOTOGRAPHY AND ARTWORK
Conveyed the of war with gruesome reality to the American public
Regarded as the first major war that was “observed” by the public It is called this because of the fact that the
public could see what the battle and life of the soldiers was like from photographs and other artwork
While a battle was going on artists used photography rather than other forms of art but this was not too common The available artwork of battle scenes is
mostly from an artist’s memory to complete a sketch or imagination
A NEW MEDIUM OF PHOTOGRAPHY AND ARTWORK CON.
Special ArtistsPainting and sketching was usually used by
artists to depict the daily life of the soldiers Families were greatly concerned with the
fate of their sons This meant that there was a need for journalists and
artists to report and depict these soldiers lives These people did not usually survive
Newspapers sold in great numbers
At any moment there were about 12 special artists Low numbers due to: danger of the job and they had to
be fast and accurate sketchers
ART IN THE SOUTH
Not very well known for their artPublish work but mostly ignored
Lost art due to the destruction of homes
AFRICAN AMERICANS IN ART South Carolina legislation in 1865
Provided that, “no person of color shall pursue or practice the art, trade, or business of an artisan, mechanic, or shopkeeper, or any other trade employment, or business, besides that of husbandry, or that of a servant under contract for service or labor” without a special and costly permit.
In 1867 The promise of radical reconstruction brought forth African
American’s with useful skills such as literacy This time period’s paintings depicted blacks as their freedom and lives
progressed Artists usually tried to get their paintings accurate with the time
period that they were painting The most common paintings started with black being depicted as
slaves, then runaways, then freedom and then African Americans being successful with their lives
African Americans as artists There were already few freed slaves that had become artists by this
time period There work was almost undistinguishable from white works
This was due to the fact that their audience and commissions were predominantly white
TERMS Photography
Derives from the Greek words phōs (genitive: phōtós) light, and gráphein, to write. The word was coined by Sir John Herschel in 1839.A camera obscura box used for drawing images. Photography is the result of combining several different technical discoveries.
Sketching a rapidly executed freehand drawing that is not intended as
a finished work Artisan
a skilled manual worker who makes items that may be functional or strictly decorative, including furniture, clothing, jewelry, household items, and tools.
Literacy Traditionally described as the ability to read and write. It is a
concept claimed and defined by a range of different theoretical fields.
Commission (In art) the hiring and payment for the creation of a piece,
often on behalf of another
IMPORTANT PEOPLE Robert S. Duncanson
Was born in Seneca County, New York in 1821. Duncanson’s father was a Canadian of Scottish descent and his mother was an African American, thus making him “a freeborn person of color.” Duncanson, an artist who is relatively unknown today, painted America, both physically and figuratively, at a time when the country was in turmoil. He is said to be the first free professional black artist. He was also a Hudson River School painter
Edward Lamson Henry One of the country's most popular and prolific
genre artists at the end of the nineteenth century
QUESTIONS
1. Who was Robert S. Duncanson?
a) The first free professional black artistb) A popular genre artistc) A “special artist”
A
2. Who was Edward Lamson Henry?
a) The first free professional black artistb) A popular genre artistc) A “special artist”
B
3. What was a special artist?
a) An artist who paints only a certain thing b) An artist with special needsc) An artist who sketches battle scenes
C
4. What was the difference between African American artwork and white art work in this time period?
a) The African American artwork depicted the freedom of slaves
b) The African American artwork depicted their harsh life
c) There was minimal differences
C
5. Did the 1865 South Carolina legislation make it easy for African Americans to become skilled in an art?
a) Yes, it ended the racism towards the African Americans in the art world
b) Yes, it made it easier by providing a trade school for the blacks
c) No, it made them pay for a permit to do such things
C
6. What does Commission mean in terms of art?
a) The hiring and payment for the creation of a piece, often on behalf of another
b) The hiring and payment for the creation of a piece for one’s self
c) The hiring and payment for the creation of a piece that is designed fully by the buyer
A
7. Art in the South was...?
a) Valued as important by the countries art communityb) Virtually unrecognizedc) Just as famous as northern art
B
8. What is literacy?
a) Another term for an authorb) The ability to readc) Learning to read
B
9. Did the Hudson school accept African Americans?
a) No, the 1865 South Carolina legislation did not allow them
b) No, It was a white skinned only schoolc) Yes
C
10. What is a reason why the southern art work was not as well known?
a) They did not produce artworkb) A lot of the art was destroyedc) The north sabotaged them for being better artists
B
SOURCES
Informationhttp://www.askart.com/askart/interest/
civil_war_art_1.aspx?id=40http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
History_of_photography http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Commission_(art)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artisanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Edward_Lamson_Henryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Robert_Scott_Duncanson