CHAPTER 5Art

•Art dates back to cave paintings-humans want to depict what they see

•All art is a form of imitation

•Some art strives for likeness (trying to be as close to reality as possible) also referred to as realism in this chapter

•Other art strives for imitation(the transference of what is experienced outside or inside the artist)

The Need to Imitate

Creating Likeness in Different StylesClassical Art Medieval Art

Classicism-balanced and harmonious art in Athens and Rome

Imitated real people, but perfected them (flawless)

Used marble or stone Valued balance and

harmony

Goal: remind the faithful of the life and death of Jesus, Mary, the saints, disciples

Elaborate churches, stained glass, mosaics, embroidery

Presents the idea, not a faithful representation of subject

Renaissance Art

“Rebirth” of interest in classical knowledge and art

Renaissance artists combined classical discipline with the demand for freedom of expression

The Renaissance constitutes the greatest single revolution in the history of Western art and thought

Fillipo Lippi Leonardo da Vinci Michelangelo Raphael Sophonisba Anguissola Artemisia Gentileschi

Dutch School

Master painters were able to reproduce faces, figure and landscapes with the greatest accuracy possible until the invention of the camera

Rembrandt Famous for chiaroscuro

(use of light and dark to create realism)

Interested in psychological realism, the character behind the face

Impressionism

Attempt to be realistic is abandoned and instead the artists projects a subjective experience of the world as color and light.

Famous Impressionists

Edouard Manet Claude Monet Berthe Morisot Mary Cassatt

Post-Impressionism

Art during the late 19th and early 20th centuries resembles but is not strict Impressionism

Not realistic or abstract

Vincent van Gogh-starving artist not recognized during his lifetime

Art as Alteration

modernism postmodernism

Art produced in the late 19th century to late 20th century

Art produced from the late 20th century to modern day

Both of these movements are connected to art as alteration-artists who do not even start with the familiar but want to impose something new on the world

Abstract Art

Wassily Kandinsky-form is all that matters in art (pleasing arrangements of line and color).

Painting should provide an experience of the beautiful

“color could become music”

Cubism

Picasso

Braque

Artist breaks down the field of vision into discontinuous segments or in which the artist shows a number of visual events taking place simultaneously

Guernica

Picasso’s depiction of a Nazi bombing of the city of Guernica. Turned the bombing victims into a wild fragment of atrocities.

One of the most powerful anti-war statements ever made.

Considered one of the great artworks of all time.

Surrealism

Popular style, employs recognizable shapes and forms put together in unrecognizable contexts

Imitates the world of dreams and the unconscious mind

Dali –tortured artist or clever business man?

“Unreal” Realism

Georgia O’Keeffe “art can be

analyzed only by what the artist is doing, not saying.”

Certain shapes leap out

at the artist for whatever reason

Edward Hopper Simplified realism-

leaves out the unimportant

Nighthawks-American Loneliness

Camera Art Pop Art

With photography artists are no longer needed for “realistic” images

Creative artists began experimenting with photos

Alfred Stieglitz Jerry Uelsmann

Influenced by comic books, movies, billboards

Makes a statement about American culture, endless fads/superficiality

Claes Oldenburg Andy Warhol

Performance Art

Event, artists want to create a momentary stir and then be seen or heard no more

Orson Wells (film director) cited as founder of the movement

War of the Worlds Installation Art- Edward Kienholz (Still Live) Christo (installations around the

globe)

Architecture

Serves dual purpose: provides shelter for our needs (work, play, worship, education) and it alters our reality most noticeably

Architecture is considered art is the interplay between form and function (what it looks like and what purpose it serves)

ArchitectureReligious Architecture

Secular Architecture

Building created for worship or meditation are among the finest achievements in world architecture

Viewed as public art, conflicts inevitably arise