THE AUDITORY ARTS

Dr. James Loreto C. Piscos

Categories

MUSICLITERATURE

MUSIC

Composed of tones and silences organized in such a manner to convey the emotions and ideas conceived by the composer.

The composer’s work must be interpreted by another artist- the performer who makes the composer’s work come to life.

Music as Auditory Arts

Music moves through time, thus it is called temporal

Music appreciation is the acquired ability to listen to music intelligently

3 components:

-ability to appreciate music is not inborn

-acquired by anyone who makes up his mind to do so

-conscious effort

Functions of Music

1. An attempt to imitate the natural sound

2. Release of one’s emotions or feelings (therapeutic)

3. As signals in wars

4. Means of worship and vehicles of rituals

5. Used to accompany dance

6. A form of entertainment in community celebrations

7. Symbols of life’s cycles

Sound (Tones): The Physical Material Property of Music Vibration is what

produced a sound Regular vibrations

produce tones or musical sounds

Irregular sounds yield noise

Sound in general has 4 qualities:

1. Timbre

2. Pitch

3. Intensity

4. duration

1. Timbre This refers to the

quality which enables us to distinguish one sound from another

A sound may not be audible unless it is amplified by something

Resonator – any object which amplifies the vibrations

2.Pitch This refers to the

relative highness or lowness or a tone

This is the result of the frequency of vibrations

The higher the frequency the higher the pitch

Scale – series of different tones which are arranged at definite fixed distances or intervals from one another

Pitch Octave –western

music uses a scale consisting of 12 pitches in 7 different tones designated as : A, B,C,D,E,F,G or la, ti, do, re, mi fa sol.

Sharps mean a tone is to be raised

Flats – tone to be lowered

3. Duration

It refers to the length of time which a sound occupies

Notes – relative time values indicated in musical notation by symbols

Types:

1. Whole note

2. Half note

3. Quarter note

4. Eighth note

5. Sixteenth note

6. 32nd note

7. 64th note

4. Intensity

This refers to the loudness or softness of a sound

This results from the pressure or force which is used to cause the vibrations that produce a sound

Dynamics- the degree of loudness or softness in music

Indicators:

1. Forte – loudly

2. Fortissimo- very loudly

3. Piano – softly

4. Pianissimo – very softly

Intensity Crescendo – the music

to become gradually louder

Decrescendo or diminuendo to become gradually softer

Staff – five parallel lines and the spaces between the lines

Elements of MusicElements of Music

1.1. RhythmRhythm

2.2. MelodyMelody

3.3. HarmonyHarmony

4. Tone Color4. Tone Color

5. Texture5. Texture

6. Form6. Form

1. Rhythm The tones and silences

of varying durations moving through time

Time Signatures: 2/4 ¾ 4/4 6/8

2. Melody Melody is the pitch

added to the rhythm Other synonymous

terms:

Tune, air, theme, motif and melodic line

Characteristics:

1. Dimension

2. Progression

3. Direction

4. register

Melody (Characteristics)1. Dimensiona. Lengthb. Range –distance between

the highest and lowest notes

2. Progression - The motion of upward or

downward, the distance between one tone and the next as the melody moves forward

3.Direction – considers the distance between individual, successive tones

- Relate to the climax of the repertoire

4. Register – considers the pitch of most notes

Are they mostly high?

3. Harmony The simultaneous sounding

of tones Melody is the horizontal

aspect while harmony the vertical side.

Tonality – or key feeling results when a single key is used thus providing a tonal center

Chord – 3 or more tones of different pitches sounded together

Consonance – quality when the combination of sounds or tones is satisfying or pleasant

If unpleasant – dissonance or discord (producing tension)

4. Tone Color This is the result of tempo,

dynamics and the timbre or the medium or mediums.

Tempo – speed indicated into:

a. presto – very fast

b. Allegro – fast

c. Moderato - moderate speed

d. andante- moderate slow

e. Adagio – slow

f. Largo – very slow

Ritardando – the gradual slowing down

Accelerando – gradual increase

Tempo rubato – music to be played with irregularity

5. TextureThis is the characteristic

disposition and relationship between melody and harmony.

Types of Textures:

1. Monophonic

2. Homophonic

3. Polyphonic

4. Non-melodic texture

1. Monophonic – one melody is sung or played with no accompaniment

2. Homophonic –song sung to the chordal accompaniment of a guitar or piano or any instrument

Or two people sing one soprano and the other alto, homophonic music is produced

Texture Polyphonic results

when two or more melodies are played together

Otherwise known as contrapuntal

Sonority –quality of richness or thinness of the music closely related to harmony than to melody and measured by number of parts, spacing of tones, register of tones and timbre

6. Form The overall design or

plan is called a musical structure or musical form

Sectional forms:

1. Binary

2. Ternary forms

Movements Sonata – movement is

fast and consists of 3 sections:

Exposition, development and recapitulation

Concerto – meant to be played by an instrument with an entire orchestra