Supplementary data

Microwave pyrolysis of walnut shell for reduction process of low-grade pyrolusite

Kangqiang Li a, Guo Chen a, b, c , Jin Chen a, *, Jinhui Peng a, b, Roger Ruan b, d,

C. Srinivasakannan e

a Key Laboratory of Unconventional Metallurgy, Ministry of Education, Faculty of

Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology,

Kunming 650093, P.R. China.

b Key Laboratory of Green-Chemistry Materials in University of Yunnan Province, Yunnan

Minzu University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China.

c Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Utilization of Manganese

Resources, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P.R. China.

d Center for Biorefining, Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering Department, University of

Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.

e Chemical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu

Dhabi, UAE.

* Corresponding author: Tel: +86-871-65138997; Fax: +86-871-65138997

E-mail address: jinchen@kmust.edu.cn

Table and Figure Captions

Table S1 Contrast experimental results of traditional heating and microwave heating on

manganese reduction ratio.

Experimental parameters Methods and conditions References

T/℃ 700 750 800 850 900traditional heating;

coal as reducing

agent；more:mcoal=10:1.0;

holding time: 30 min

(Ye et al.,

2014)ƞMn(%) 57.14 71.53 80.39 88.99 95.81

T/℃ 650 700 750 800 850microwave heating;

coal as reducing agent;

more:mcoal =10:1.0;

holding time: 30 min

(Ye et al.,

2014)ƞMn(%) 68.98 80.98 90.13 96.84 98.48

References1. Ye, Q.X., Zhu, H.B., Zhang, L.B., Liu, P., Chen, G., Peng, J.H., 2014. Carbothermal

reduction of low-grade pyrolusite by microwave heating. RSC Advances. 4, 58164-58170.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.06.016.

Fig. S1 XRD patterns of low-grade pyrolusite at different reduction temperatures with

more/mbiomass =10:1.8 and holding for 30 min, (a) 450°C; (b) 500°C; (c) 550°C; (d) 600°C; (e)

650°C.

Fig. S2 SEM patterns of low-grade pyrolusite at different reduction temperatures with

more/mbiomass =10:1.8 and holding for 30 min, (a) 450°C; (b) 500°C; (c) 550°C; (d) 600°C; (e)

650°C.