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Table S1 Heterogeneity of groups in each explanatory variable
Database
Explanatory variables
Crop fertilizer-N recovery
Soil Residual fertilizer-N
Qbetween
Qtotal
Prob
Qbetween
Qtotal
Prob
UI
UI species
0.509
9.927
0.065
0.173
2.499
0.065
N application rate
0.581
8.049
0.0730
0.051
2.298
0.668
N application times
0.635
10.249
0.125
0.199
2.865
0.013*
Field condition
1.012
9.237
<0.001*
0.299
2.865
0.003*
Soil pH
0.485
9.542
0.088
0.053
2.319
0.436
Soil organic matter
0.256
6.450
0.427
0.142
1.226
0.085
Soil texture
0.517
10.041
0.077
0.016
2.746
0.792
NI
NI species
0.873
18.901
0.531
0.699
11.335
0.117
N application rate
0.879
18.273
0.337
0.799
12.566
0.211
N application times
0.139
19.006
0.405
0.851
12.578
0.022*
Fertilizer types
1.106
19.006
0.059
1.762
12.578
0.009*
Field condition
2.563
19.006
<0.001*
0.189
12.578
0.306
Soil pH
0.478
18.643
0.333
0.009
11.818
0.972
Soil organic matter
0.233
4.817
0.253
0.905
11.445
0.198
Soil texture
1.297
15.059
0.038*
1.634
11..469
0.013*
Overall
2.847
35.129
<0.001*
0.515
17.666
0.081
Database
Explanatory variables
Total fertilizer-N recovery
Unaccounted fertilizer-N
Qbetween
Qtotal
Prob
Qbetween
Qtotal
Prob
UI
UI species
0.192
4.164
0.161
2.936
37.348
0.071
N application rate
0.396
3.091
0.021*
0.663
30.209
0.736
N application times
0.274
4.218
0.017*
0.192
37.726
0.581
Field condition
0.278
4.218
<0.001*
0.302
37.726
0.495
Soil pH
0.211
3.962
0.133
6.371
36.206
0.005*
Soil organic matter
0.084
2.832
0.628
3.116
29.609
0.166
Soil texture
0.086
4.044
0.429
1.717
63.929
0.412
NI
NI species
0.484
10.123
0.197
2.162
66.746
0.267
N application rate
0.749
10.393
0.170
0.182
67.557
0.981
N application times
0.262
10.400
0.182
0.439
67.564
0.459
Fertilizer types
1.492
10.400
0.010*
0.762
67.564
0.562
Field condition
0.599
10.400
0.044*
3.871
67.564
0.379
Soil pH
0.166
9.892
0.599
0.490
66.963
0.742
Soil organic matter
1.251
9.619
0.051
1.582
59.237
0.651
Soil texture
1.869
9.988
0.005*
1.717
63.929
0.415
Overall
0.569
16.824
0.051
5.126
115.323
0.022*
Note: * means the groups in relative explanatory variable being significant difference.
Table S2 Changes of the effects of N stabilizers on the fertilizer-N fate in the soil-crop system under different study method
Variables
Categories
Number
Means
Lower CI
Upper CI
Qbetween
Prob
UI amendment
Crop recovery
Field
39
18.06
10.72
26.06
0.27
0.10
Pot
60
27.77
20.76
35.59
Soil retention
Field
32
8.43
2.99
14.61
0.05
0.24
Pot
49
4.43
0.92
8.09
Total recovery
Field
33
11.18
6.24
16.46
0.18
0.05
Pot
49
19.42
14.1
25.51
Unaccounted
Field
33
-19.85
-30.67
-7.30
0.13
0.06
Pot
49
-37.13
-49.72
-26.52
NI amendment
Crop recovery
Field
72
13.10
4.79
21.99
0.20
0.32
Pot
37
5.51
-3.94
19.90
Soil retention
Field
51
16.10
5.71
28.61
0.03
0.70
Pot
26
12.70
5.07
21.07
Total recovery
Field
51
14.47
5.58
25.43
0.40
0.11
Pot
27
2.02
-5.08
10.05
Unaccounted
Field
51
-12.05
-21.99
-2.40
0.22
0.62
Pot
27
-19.28
-48.21
13.45
DI amendment
Crop recovery
Field
10
35.66
12.91
42.42
0.32
0.06
Pot
6
73.24
37.86
164.77
Soil retention
Field
8
16.39
3.41
35.34
0.24
0.17
Pot
6
-3.52
-29.76
15.59
Total recovery
Field
8
13.78
2.29
33.91
0.31
0.06
Pot
7
40.86
27.38
68.83
Unaccounted
Field
8
-22.31
-36.75
-2.08
0.58
0.05
Pot
7
-55.12
-61.81
-36.32
Table S3 Changes of the effects of N stabilizers on the fertilizer-N fate in the soil-crop system under different sampling procedure
Variables
Categories
Number
Means
Lower CI
Upper CI
Qbetween
Prob
UI amendment
Crop recovery
Premature
29
16.18
9.31
24.09
0.29
0.06
Mature
70
28.13
21.35
35.91
Soil retention
Premature
23
4.19
-1.44
10.87
0.02
0.47
Mature
58
6.63
3.07
10.16
Total recovery
Premature
24
11.40
7.85
15.99
0.14
0.08
Mature
58
18.93
13.30
25.06
Unaccounted
Premature
24
-53.87
-22.86
-38.49
0.57
0.34
Mature
58
-37.71
-21.92
-30.04
NI amendment
Crop recovery
Premature
10
15.65
5.76
25.27
0.04
0.64
Mature
99
10.03
3.00
18.38
Soil retention
Premature
6
15.27
0.19
33.88
0.00
0.99
Mature
71
14.97
6.77
23.84
Total recovery
Premature
6
18.12
4.78
35.17
0.05
0.60
Mature
72
9.63
2.70
17.82
Unaccounted
Premature
6
-22.11
-39.82
-7.17
0.09
0.70
Mature
72
-13.89
-27.75
-0.37
Note: the observation data from DI amendment obtained from maturity sampling procedure.
Table S4 BRT model running parameters and outputs
Process
Database
Learning rate
Bag fraction
CV deviance
CV correlation
Number of trees
Crop
UI
0.005
0.75
0.045±0.009
0.648±0.101
2700
NI
0.005
0.75
0.067±0.012
0.617±0.072
950
Soil
UI
0.005
0.75
0.02±0.004
0.251±0.112
1500
NI
0.005
0.75
0.058±0.008
0.43±0.158
5450
Total
UI
0.005
0.75
0.012±0.002
0.754±0.08
6450
NI
0.005
0.75
0.039±0.01
0.628±0.103
7150
Fig. S1 Partial dependence plots (left column) and fitted values (right column) of explanatory variables for crop fertilizer-N recovery under UI amendment.
Fig. S2 Partial dependence plots (left column) and fitted values (right column) of explanatory variables for crop fertilizer-N recovery under NI amendment.
Fig. S3 Partial dependence plots (left column) and fitted values (right column) of explanatory variables for retention fertilizer-N in soil under UI amendment.
Fig. S4 Partial dependence plots (left column) and fitted values (right column) of explanatory variables for retention fertilizer-N in soil under NI amendment.
Fig. S5 Partial dependence plots (left column) and fitted values (right column) of explanatory variables for total fertilizer-N in soil-crop system under UI amendment.
Fig. S6 Partial dependence plots (left column) and fitted values (right column) of explanatory variables for total fertilizer-N in soil-crop system under NI amendment
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