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Electronic Supporting Information
A general in-situ etching and synchronous heteroatom
doping strategy to boost the capacitive performance of
commercial carbon fibre clothTian Ouyanga, Kui Chenga, b**, Fan Yangc, Jietao Jianga, Jun Yana, Kai Zhua, Ke Yea,
Guiling Wanga, Limin Zhoub, Dianxue Caoa
a. Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of
Education, College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin
Engineering University, Harbin, China
b. Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,
Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
c. College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
Figure S1. Digital photo of the fresh CFC soaking-recrystallization process (a) and Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (Kui Cheng), [email protected] (Dianxue Cao).
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the CFC-750-N-S sample in different damage states (b).
Figure S2. TEM image of fresh CFC
Figure S3. TEM image of CFC-750-N-S
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Figure S4. The SEM and TEM images of CFC-750-N (a~c), CFC-750-S (d~f), CFC-
750-F (g~i), CFC-750-N-F (j~l), and CFC-750-S-F (m~o), respectively.
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Figure S5. The SEM image of activated CFC sample soaked in the solution
containing 0.5 g mL-1 NaNO3 and Na2S2O3.
Figure S6. The typical HAADF-STEM images with corresponding EDS element
mappings of CFC-750-N (a), CFC-750-S (b) and CFC-750-F (c).
Figure S7. XRD patterns (a), Raman patterns (b) and N2 adsorption/desorption
isotherms (c) of the resultant CFC samples.
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Figure S8. The pore-size distribution curves of the prepared CFC samples.
Figure S9. The survey XPS spectrums of CFC-750-N (a), CFC-750-S (b) and CFC-
750-F (c).
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Figure S10. Wetting angles of water droplet on the resultant CFC samples.
Figure S11. The XRD patterns of the as-obtained CFC-750-N and CFC-750-S before
washed with distilled water.
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Figure S12. Electrochemical characteristics of the as-prepared CFC samples in 1 mol
L-1 H2SO4 aqueous electrolyte in a three-electrode system: CV, GCD and area
capacitances versus different current densities curves of CFC-750-N (a), CFC-750- S
(b), CFC-750-F (c), CFC-750-N-F(d) and CFC-750-S-F (e), respectively.
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Figure S13. GCD curves of the CFC-750-N-S, CFC-750-S-F and CFC-750-N-F
recorded at 20 mA cm-2.
Figure S14. The EIS curves of the as-prepared CFC samples, the inset shows the
equivalent circuit.
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Figure S15. Electrochemical characteristics of the as-prepared CFC samples in 6 mol
L-1 KOH aqueous electrolyte in a three-electrode system: CV, GCD and area
capacitances versus different current densities curves of CFC-750-N (a), CFC-750- S
(b), CFC-750-F (c), CFC-750-N-F(d), CFC-750-S-F(e) and CFC-750-N-S (f),
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respectively.
Figure S16. Electrochemical characteristics of the as-prepared CFC samples in 1 mol
L-1 Na2SO4 aqueous electrolyte in a three-electrode system: CV, GCD and area
capacitances versus different current densities curves of CFC-750-N (a), CFC-750- S
(b), CFC-750-F (c), CFC-750-N-F(d), CFC-750-S-F(e) and CFC-750-N-S (f),
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respectively.
Table S1 Surface area and pore structure characteristics of the resultant CFC samples.
Samples SBET[a]
[m2 g-1]
Vtot[b]
[cm3 g-1]
Vmic[c]
[cm3 g-1]
Vmeso
[cm3 g-1]
CFC-fresh
CFC-750
0.6
1.2
0.003
0.003
0.0003
0.0003
0.0027
0.0027
CFC-750-N 58.2 0.045 0.005 0.040
CFC-750-S
CFC-750-F
CFC-750-N-S
CFC-750-N-F
CFC-750-S-F
36.8
14.8
131.6
50.9
30.2
0.027
0.012
0.078
0.038
0.024
0.003
0.002
0.016
0.005
0.020
0.024
0.010
0.062
0.033
0.004
[a] Specific surface area based on Brunauer-Emmett-Teller equation. [b] The total pore volume was determined
from the nitrogen adsorption at a relative pressure of 0.99. [c] Specific surface area of micropores obtained from t-
plot method.
Table S2: XPS and elemental analysis of the CFC samples.
XPS Elemental analysis
C% O% N% S% F% C% N
%
S%
CFC-750 95.66 4.34 — — — 98.94 — —
CFC-750-N 88.81 8.56 2.63 — — 87.32 0.3
1
—
CFC-750-S 90.82 7.43 — 1.75 — 92.23 — 0.51
CFC-750-F
CFC-750-N-
S
93.17
85.78
5.15
9.12
—
2.72
—
1.84
1.68
—
—
77.27
—
0.3
2
—
0.46
Table S3. The corresponding parameter of EIS plots fitted by ZView software.
Samples Rs (Ω) Rct (Ω) CPE1-T CPE1-P W1-R W1-T W1-P
CFC-750-N 0.368 1.18 0.00053 0.951 0.952 0.1918 0.475
CFC-750-S 0.385 2.35 0.00026 0.953 0.418 0.0307 0.470
CFC-750-F 0.537 1.07 0.00016 0.958 0.613 0.0132 0.482
CFC-750-N-F 0.658 1.20 0.00013 0.951 0.676 0.0883 0.475
CFC-750-S-F 0.637 1.27 0.00033 0.984 0.246 0.0172 0.471
CFC-750-N-S 0.432 1.08 0.00056 0.937 0.397 0.1011 0.481
Table S4: Comparison of the method of modification of the carbon cloth and their
application in supercapacitors and pervious reported flexible electrode.
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Materials Method Area Capacitance
(mF cm-2)
Electrolyte Ref
CFC direct as electrode
GOCC Gamma-Ray Irradiated 702 @1 mA cm-2 1 M H2SO4 1
EACC-10 electrochemically oxidized 756@6 mA cm-2 6M KOH 2
CC chemical oxidation 88@10 mV/s 1 M H2SO4 3
CFC-750-N-S SRC
[email protected] mA cm-2 1 M H2SO4
This [email protected] mA cm-2 6 M KOH
[email protected] mA cm-2 1 M Na2SO4
CFC as
substrate
HZM
MnO2 HNPAs
WS2
MnO2
RGO
wet chemical
electrodeposited
solvothermal
hydrothermal
electrodeposited
138.71 mA cm-2
[email protected] A g-1
4.78@1 A g-1
[email protected] A g-1
7@10 mV s-1
0.5 M Na2SO4
1 M Na2SO4
1 M KCl
1 M Na2SO4
1 M Na2SO4
4
5
6
7
8
CFP as
substrate
MnO2
ZnO@Au@MnO2
electrodeposited
multistep
[email protected] A g-1
[email protected] A g-1
0.5 M Na2SO4
1 M Na2SO4
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