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Antibacterial activity of northern-peruvian medicinal plants

Actividad antibacteriana de plantas medicinales del norte del Perú

Rainer W. Bussmann

Douglas Sharon

Fredy Perez A.

Doris Díaz P.

Taisha Ford, Tahirah Rasheed, Yasmin Barocio & Rodolfo Silva

ISSN: 1815-8242Arnaldoa 15(1): 127 - 1482008

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Fam i ly /Ge nus / Spec ies Indigenous names Plant part used A d m i n . U s e Coll. #

A D I A N TA C E A E Pellaea terni folia C. Chr. Cuti Cuti, Cute Cute, Whole plant, fresh Oral Diabetes,Liver EHCHL46,

Cuticuti, Cute-Cute RBU/PL319,Amaril lo, Cuti Cuti RBU/PL258,Amar i l lo TR U B H 2 1

A M A R A N T H A C E A E Alternanthera brasil iana Hierba del Oso, Whole plant, fresh Oral Twisted bones, RBU/PL275,(L.) Kuntze Veronica (Hembra), or dried Bronchitis, Asthma, JULS11 ,

Moradil la de Cerro Bruises, Fractures, EHCHL78,B u m p s ISA83

Alternanthera porrigens Sanguinaria, Whole plant, fresh 1Ora l 1. Blood ci rculation, EHCHL142,(Jacquin) Kuntze Moradi l la, or dried 2.Topica l Warts, Blood coldness, ISA56,

Lanceti l la Allergies RB U/PL301,2. Cleansing womb after RB U/PL324,childbirth, Fragrance, EHCHL93,Luck in love and work, GER117Bad Air / Mal Aire, Love,Business Relations,Protection, Good fortune,Good health

A M A R Y L L I D A C E A E Eustephia coccinea Cav. Tumapara , 1., 4. Bark, 1., 2., 4. 1. Arthrit is, Rheumatism RB U/PL313,

Pomanpara, fresh or dried Oral 2. Inflammation of the G E R 71 ,Puma Para, 2., 3. Bark, dr ied 3. Topical stomach3. Wounds EHCHL68Para Para 4. Inflammation,

Hemorrhages,Inflammation of uterus,Ulcers, Cysts, Cancerousw o u n d s

A N A C A R D I A C E A E Mauria heterophylla Shimir, Tres Hojas, Leaves, fresh 1. ,3.Topical 1. Skin irritation ISA24,H .B. K. Trinidad, Chacur, 2. Oral 2. Inflammation, JU LS 1 7 ,

Ahimir, Feregreco Liver, Kidneys, Wounds, EHCHL83Inflammation of uterus,Cleansing (external),Cleansing ( internal),Ulcers ( internal),Ulcers (external),Inflammation of theovaries, Cysts, Fibroids3. Vaginal cleansing

Schinus molle L. Molle, Moy 1., 2. Flowers, 1. ,4.Topical 1., 2. Arthritis, EHCHL123,Leaves and 2., 3.Oral Rheumat i sm, JULS196 ,Stems, fresh Bone pain, Bronchi tis, G E R 1 33., 4. Bark and Cough, Cold, Chil ls,Latex, fresh Inflammation of the body

3. Cancer, Tuberculosis4. Vaginal infection

133

A P I A C E A E Arracacia xanthorrhiza Racacha, Racacha Leaves and Topica l Fright / Susto J U LS2 78

Bancroft Cimarrona Stems, fresh Oral

Foeniculum vulgare Hinojo, Anis Criollo 1. Whole plant, 1., 2. Colic,P. Mil ler fresh Gases, After EHCHL23,

2. Seeds, fresh birth, Stomach pain, J ULS101 ,Stomachache, Nerves, J U LS1 66Diarrhea

Pimpinella anisum L. Anis Criollo, Anís Seeds, dried Oral Gases, Stomach Pain, EHCHL137,Co l i c TRU B H2 1 ,

GE R 2 1 3

A P O C Y N A C E A E Mandevil la cf. trianae Bejuco, Bejuco Leaves, fresh Topica l Daño de Brevaje, ISA14, ISA13Woodson Negro (Grande), or dried Fright / Susto, Sorcery

Bejuco Negro(Chico)

Nerium oleander L. Laurel, Laurel Rosa Flowers, Leaves Topica l Cleaning wounds, Itching, JULS65, GER45and Stems, fresh Sarna, Rashes, Skin

mark, Herpes

Thevetia peruviana Mailchin, Maichil, 1. Stems and 1. Topical 1. Bones, Rheumatism, EHCHL162,(Pers.) Schum. Camalonga, Leaves, fresh 2.,3. Oral Bad Air / Mal Aire, TRUVan/Er ica19,

Cabalonga 2., 3.Seeds, Arthrit is, Cause bad luck / J ULS 187 ,dr ied Cast a spel l (Sorcery) 2. EHCHL174,

Bad Air / Mal Aire, GE R 2 2 5Epilepsy, Nerves, Heartattacks 3. Menopause,Ca nc e r

Valles ia glabra (Cav.) Link. Cuncuno, Cun Cun Leaves, fresh Oral 1. Snake bites, 2. Diabetes G E R 2 6

A Q U I F O L I A C E A E I lex guayusa Loes Guayusa, Agracejo, Leaves, dried Oral Diabetes, Intoxicat ion EHCHL130,

Ci trodora of the blood J U LS1 60

A R A L I A C E A E Oreopanax eriocephalus Maque Maque, Leaves and 1. Oral 1. , 2. Heart, Nerves, EHCHL36,Ha r ms Mano de León Flowers, fresh 2. Topical Inflammation, Fractures, J U LS 3 9 ,

Nervous system, RBU/ PL270 ,Rheumat ism ISA71, GER221

A R A U C A R I A C E A E Araucaria heterophylla Pino Resin, fresh or driedTopical Toothache, Extracting teeth JULS229(Salisb.) Franco

AS T E R AC E A E Acanthoxan th ium Juan Alonso, Whole plant, Oral Detoxification of alcohol J ULS 176 ,spinosum (L. ) Furreau Espina de Perro, fresh or dried and drugs,Inflammation, EHCHL32

Corona de Cris to and Leaves, dried Bronchit is, Haemorrhages

Achyrocline alata Ishpingui llo, Ishpingo, 1., 2. Stems 1., 2.Topical1. Arthritis, Bones ISA85, ISA109(H.B.K.) DC. Flor de Ishpingo 2. Arthritis, Bones

Ambrosia peruviana Willd. Altamisa, Marco, Leaves and 1. Oral 1 .Hear t ,Nerves,Epi lepsy, J ULS 108 ,Artamisa, Manzanil la Stems, fresh 2. ,3 .Topica l Liver ,Bronchi t is ,Colds, RUB H 18 ,del Muerto, Marcos, Bad Air / Mal Aire,Burns T RBU/PL370,Alta Misa, Ajenjo, 2. Fungus, Fright/Susto TRU BH 1 5 ,Al tamis, Llatama 3. After birth to reduce J U LS 9 0 ,Negra Malera, inflamation and prevent G E R 9 ,Llatama Roja Malera spasms in the woman’s,womb GE R110

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Maguanmarica,

Arnica montana L. Arn ica Commerc ia l C h a r m Waking a person who has JULS106 tincture fainted, Keeping bad spirits

away from the house

Baccharis cil iaris Pata de Gallina Whole plant, fresh Seguro Protection of job and house, JULS220(Retz.) Koeler or dried Protection (general)Baccharis genistelloides Simba Simba, Whole plant, fresh Oral Diabetes, Blood, Burn fat, EHCHL101,(Lam.) Pers. Carce ja , Cholesterol, Kidneys, TRU B H 10 ,

Karqueja, Cadil lo Internal Inflammation, Liver, RBU/PL255,Gallbladder, Bad blood, JU LS 34 ,Baldness VFCHL36,

EHCHL92

Baccharis glutinosa Persoon Chilco Macho Leaves, fresh Oral Diabetes JULS135, GER29,GER198

Chuquiraga spinosa sp Chuquiragua, Leaves, dried Oral Inflammation, Kidneys, EHCHL168,huamanpinta C. Ezcurra Huamanpinta Prostate, Bladder, Prostate TRUBH9,

inflammation, Sexual JULS276,impotence RBU/PL373

Chuquiragua weberbaueri Amaro Amaro Whole plant, Oral Cough, Bronchitis, Asthma, JULS99, HCHL131Tovar fresh or dried Liver, Air

Cronquistianthus . Clavelillo, Espino de Flowers, Leaves and Oral Cough,Bronchitis,Headache, ISA5, ULS233,lavandulifolius DC hoja, Pulmonaria Stems, fresh or dried Cold,Asthma,Pulmonary GER163

diseaseEupatorium gayanum Asma Chilca, Leaves, fresh 1. Topicial 1. ,2. Cough, Bronchit is, RB U/PL276,

Wedd . Asma (Chica) 2. Oral Asthma EHCHL164

Flaveria bidentis Mata Gusano F l ow e rs , Oral Cough, Bronchit is J U LS 6 8(L.) Kuntze Leaves and Stems,

fresh or dried

Gnaphalium americanum Mill. Lechuguilla Whole plant, fresh Oral Diabetes, Nerves JU LS 179or dried

Loricaria ferruginea Palmerilla, Palmita, Leaves and Topical Spir itual Flowering / GER108, RBU/(R. & P.) Wedd. Pata de Gallina, Stems, fresh Florec imiento, Menstrual PL339, RUBH20,

Palmera, Trencilla, delay, Blood ci rculation ISA136,Palmilla, Patita de TRU Van/ Erica23,Gallo, Palmia Pina, TRU VanErica10,

Palmera Blan ISA 148(105a)

Loricaria paucif lora Palmilla Ancha, Whole plant, fresh 1. Seguro 1. Business TRUVan/ Er ica18,Cuatr. Palmilla Verde,Palma 2. Topical 2. To cast away bad EHCHL13

Bendita spirits

Matricaria frigidum Manzani l la Whole plant, 1. Oral 1. Pain of love, Nerves, JULS22, EHCHL1,(HBK) Kunth fresh or dried 2. Topical Insomnia, Inflammation TRUBH7

of wounds, Colic, Stomachache, Bronchitis 2.Inflamation, Colic,Inflammation of the vagina,Injuries, Wounds (open),Wounds (closed)

Matricaria recutita L. Manzanillon, Agua de Whole plant, 1.,3.Topical 1.Fright / Susto, Infection of JULS192, RBU/la Banda, Manzanilla fresh 2. Oral wounds, Vaginal cleansing PL306, ISA120,Blanca, Manzanilla 2.Blood purification,Menstrual ISA76, GER145Amarga, Manzanilla colics 3.Infection of wounds

Monactis flaverioides H.B.K. Hierba del Susto Stems and Leaves, 1. Topical 1., 2. Prostate, Vaginal EHCHL19, RBU/(Amarillo),Malva, fresh 2. Oral cleansing PL274, TRUVan/Mocura, Hierba del Erica7, SA104, Susto, Hierba Susto ISA72

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Oritrophium peruvianum (Lam.) Huamanripa, China Linda, Whole plant, 1. Oral1. Asthma, Bronchitis, JULS58,EHCHL126,Cua trec. Wiña Wiña, Vira Vira, fresh or dried Pneumonia TRUBH26, ISA96,

Oronamo, Hierba del Sol, TRUBH29,TRUVan/Hierba del Lucero, Erica2,GER166

Paranephelius uni florus Pacha Rosa, Carapa de Whole plant, Oral Inflammation of the ovaries, EHCHL133,Poepp. & Endl. Chancho fresh or dried Uterus, Inflammation (internal JULS125

female parts), Stones,Inflammation

Perezia multiflora (H.& B.) Corzonera, Escorcionera, Whole plant, fresh OralLessing Escorzonera Nerves, Cough, Bronchitis, RBU/PL323,

or dried Asthma, Sharp pain in JULS16,the body EHCHL52,

GER160

Perezia pungens Lengua de Vaca Leaves, fresh Topica l Infection of wounds, ISA4(H.B.K.) Cas. Prevents Peeling of skin

after sunburn

Porophyllum ruderale Hierba Gall inazo, Whole plant, dried 1. Incense 1. Clean the energy of ISA73, GER89,(Jacq.) Cas . Hierba del Gallinazo 2. Topical the home 2. Daño,Fright / J U LS1 80

Sus to

Pseudogynox is San Juan Whole plant, fresh Topical Fright / Susto, Bad Air / JULS294cordifolia (Cass.) Cabr. or dried Mal Aire

Schkuhria pinnata (Lam.) Canchalagua, Whole plant, fresh Oral Blood Cleansing, Liver, RBU/PL266,Kuntze Canchalagua (Chica) Blood purification, JULS42,

Gallbladder,Bad breath, VFCHL27,Diabetes, Menstrual delay, GER228Allergies, Menstruation,Blood irrigation, Inflammationof the urinary tract

Senecio canescens (H.B.K.) Vira Vira, Whole plant, fresh 1. Oral Bronchitis, Asthma, Cough, TRUBH8, RBU/Cuatrecasas Oreja de Conejo 2. Topical Nerves PL322,

EHCHL104,TRUVan/Erica12,EHCHL24, ISA108,JULS14, GER158

Senecio pseudotites Arnica Leaves and Topical Inflammation, GER 217Grieseb. Stems, fresh Rheumatism, High fever

Smallanthus sonchifolius Hojas de Yacon, Leaves, dried Oral Diabetes, Kidneys, EHCHL143(Poepp. & Endl) H. Rob. Llacon Inflammation of the prostate,

Cholesterol

Sonchus oleraceus L. Cerraja, Serraja, Whole plant, fresh Oral Cholera, High blood RBU/PL368,Zeraja pressure EHCHL54,

JULS64,FCHL48,JULS248

Tagetes ellipt ica Sm. Culantri llo Serrano Whole plant, Oral Colds, Bronchit is, GE R 18 4fresh or dried Congest ion

Tagetes erecta L. Flores del Muerto, Flowers and 1. Topcial 1. Colic of the stomach EHCHL141,Claveles Chino, Leaves, fresh 2. Oral 2. Cough, Nerves, J ULS 156 ,Flor de Muerto Inflammation (general) GE R11 2

Taraxacum officinale Diente de Leon, Whole plant, 1 .Topical 1., 2. Liver, Stomach, RBU/ PL252 ,Wiggers Amargon, f resh 2. Oral Inflammation J ULS 150 ,

Hierba del Leon (internal), Ovaries GER62, GER189

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Tesaria integrifolia R. & P. Pajaro Bobo Flowers and Oral Liver, Kidneys, Gallbladder, JULS71, GER12 Leaves, fresh Inflammation (general),

Fever, Bad breath

B A L A N O P H O R A C E A E Corynaea crassa Hook. F. Huanarpo Tuber/Root, fresh Oral Fertility, Sexual potency, JULS171,

(hembra & macho) Male impotence, VFCHL52Elderly men, Tension

B E TU L A C E A E Alnus acuminata H.B.K. Al iso Blanco (Liso), Bark, f resh 1 . ,3 . 1. Sealing wounds, ISA18, ISA17,

Al iso Colorado 2. Oral Topica l Rashes, Skin irri tat ions, RBU /P L292(Arrugado) Arthritic pain 2. Arthritis,

Cold, Colic of the stomach,Colic of the intestine3. Bone pain, Arthrit is

B O R A G I N A C E A E Borrago of ficinalis L. Borraja Whole plant, Oral Bronchit is, Lungs, Blood ISA112, JULS24,

fresh or dried problems, Burn fat, Lose RBU/PL300,weight, Anxiety,Depression, EHCHL58 Heart, Nerves, Cough, Cold, Bruises, Insomnia

Cordia lutea Lam. Overo, Flor de Flowers, fresh Oral Liver, Bladder, Hepatitis, ISA125,Overo, Overal or dried Inflammation of the kidneys, EHCHL77,

Prostate inflammation. JULS62, GER10

Heliotropium Alacran, Alacrancillo Whole plant, fresh Topical Spiritual Flowering JULS305curasavicum L. or dried

B R A S S I C A C E A E Capsella bursa-pastoris Bolsita del Pastor, Whole plant, fresh Oral Kidneys, Prostate, JULS7,(L.) Medic Hierba del Pastor, or dried Inflammation, Inflammation VFCHL42,

Bolsa de Pastor (internal), Liver, Gallbladder, VFCHL12, RBU/Stomach infection, Urinary tract PL257, EHCHL6

Rorippa nasturtium- Berros Whole plant except Oral Liver, Urine retention, RBU/PL367,aquaticum (L.) Hayek root, fresh or dried Bronchitis, Kidneys, EHCHL25,

Inflammation JULS113of the liver, Inflammationof the kidneys, Anemia

B R O M E L I A C E A E Puya hamata L.B. Sm. Hierba del Carnero, Hairy part of the 1. Oral Tu mo r s , JULS162, GER95,

Hierba de Borrego Seeds, dried 2. Topical Infections EHCHL121

C A P PA R I D A C E A E Capparis crotonoides H.B.K. Simuro, Bichayo, 1. Flowers, fresh 1. Oral 1. Bronchitis 2.Arthritis, GER4, JULS250

Simulo Leaves, fresh 2.,3.,4. 2., 3., 4. RheumatismTopical 3.Cold, General pain:

muscular, bone, etc.4. Colds

C A P R I F O L I A E A E Lonicera japonica Madre Selva Whole plant, fresh Oral Depression, Heart, Pain of love, JULS 28Thunberg or dried Nerves, Epilepsy, Psychological

pain 1. Swelling, Kidneys,Sambucus Sauco, Saucotillo 1.Leaves, 1., 4. Oral Cough, Concussions, 2., 3. EHCHL140, RBU/peruviana H.B.K. Flowers and 2., 3. Prostate, Fever, Bronchitis, PL291, VFCHL44,

Leaves, fresh Topical 4. Flowers and Yellow Fever JULS246,Stems, fresh 2. Fever, Yellow Fever EHCHL110or dried 3. Inflammation of theLeaves, fresh kidneys, Gastritis 4. Nerves,

Cough, Cold, Fever, Insomnia

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C H E N OP O D I A C E A E Chenopodium Paico Leaves and Oral 1. Parasites (worms) EHCHL112, RBU/ambrosioides L. Stems, fresh 2. Cough PL280, EHCHL53,

JULS206

C H L O R A N T H A C E A E Hedyosmum racemosum Ma sa moche , Bark, dr ied Oral Bronchit is, Cold, Cough, EHCHL147, RBU/(R. & P.) G. Don. Asarci to, Asarquiro, Asthma, Rheumatism, P L3 77

Choleta, Asancito, Bone pain, Nervous system

C U C U R B I TA C E A E Sicana odorifera (Vell.) Secana Whole plant, C h a r m J e a l o usy J ULS 2 47N a u d . fresh

C U P RE S S A C E A E Cupressus Miller Cipre, Cipres Whole plant, 1. Oral 1. Vaginal hemorrhage, RBU/PL288, lusitanica fresh 2. Topical Hemorrage 2. Acne, Hair loss JULS302

C Y P E R A C E A E Cyperus articulatus L. Baston de San Whole plant, 1. Seguro 1. Protection J U LS2 67

Jose, Varita de San fresh 2. Topical 2. Spir itual FloweringJose, Pura pura

D I O S C O R E A C E A E Dioscorea tambillensis Papa Semitona Tuber, fresh Oral Inflammation of the kidneys, JULS283,Kunth Inflammation of ovaries, GER140

Inflammation of the liver,Inflammation (internal)

Dioscorea trifida L.f. Papa Madre, Tuber, fresh 1. Oral 1. Inflammation, JULS214,Papa Pacta 2. Topical Renal disease, Uterus EHCHL40,

disease and discharge, JULS212,Cysts, Internal Inflammation, GER142,Cancer of the Uterus, JULS213Inflammation of the ovaries,Vaginal discharge, Inflammation of the kidneys2. Fungus, Vaginal cleansing,cancer of the Uterus,Washings (wounds).

D I P S A C A C E A E Dipsacus jallonum L. Cardo Santo Whole plant, fresh Oral Diabetes, Liver, Cholesterol EHCHL90

EQUIS ETACE AE Equisetum bogotense Cola de Caballo,(H.B.K.) Kunth Cola de Caballo (Hembra) Stems, dried 1. Oral 1., 2. Inflammationof the ISA52, TRUVan/

2. Topical kidneys, Wounds (cleansing), Erica6, ISA107Stomach, Urinary tract,Kidneys, Kidneystones,Inflammation (gral)

E P H E D R A C E A E Ephedra americana H. & B. Diego Lopez, Whole plant, fresh

Suelda con Suelda or dried 1. Oral. 1., 2. Bruises, Fractures, EHCHL150,2 Topical Broken bones, External JULS38,

injuries GER75

E R I C A C E A E Bejaria aestuans L. Pullunrosa, Cadillo, Flowers, Leaves and Oral Diabetes, Liver, Prostate, VFCHL22,

Payama, Hierba de la Stems, fresh or dried Allergies, JULS50,Postema, Purenrosa, Menstrual regulation, EHCHL39,Hierba de la Postema Inflammation of the ISA114, ISA43,

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Rosada, Pulrosa, Inflammation of the Liver, JULS234,Hierba del buen querer Inflammation of the Bladder, GER121

kidneys, Inflammation of uterus,Cysts, Blood related illnesses, Inflammation of ovaries,Inflammation of the womb, Uterus,Complement blood pressure,Menstrual pain, Inflammation (gral)

Gaultheria erecta Vent. Mullaca Mistura, Whole plant, fresh or Oral Bronchitis, Asthma JULS288,Mullaca, Mullaca Real dried JULS198

Gaultheria reticulata H.B.K. Toromaique, Toro Maique,1., 3. Whole plant, 1.,3. Topical 1. Cold, Arthritis, Bronchitics, EHCHL57,Toromaike,Maique, fresh 2. Leaves, dried 2. Oral Rheumatic pain,

Bone pain, JULS259,MaqueCandela, Toro Hallucinogen, Bad Air / Mal RBU/PL293,Maique Amarillo, Aire, Wounds, Ulcers, Sores, EHCHL171,Toro Maique Verde, Anything else that bothers EHCHL51,Gavilan Maique Amarillo, the body 2.

Purgative GER81, GER241,Gavilan Maique Verde 3. Wounds, Cysts GER57

E R Y T H R OX Y L A C E A E Erythroxylon coca Lam. Coca Leaves, dried Oral Cold, Cough, Inflammation JULS144,

of the throat, Induce child GER201birth, Strength for woman duringchildbirth, Helping delivery ofnewborn, Alertness, Ritual practices

E U P H O R B I A C E A E Alchornea castaneifolia Chilca Dulce Leaves, dried Oral Liver Inf lammation, Clean RB U/P L294b(Wil ld.) Juss. blood from toxins

Hura crepitans L. Habilla Seeds, dried Oral Laxative, Removing laziness JULS161,GE R 2 05

Phyllanthus niuriri L. Chanca Piedra Whole plant, fresh or Oral Liver Inflammation, Clean blood GER152dried from toxins, Inflammation,

Bladderstones, Liver, Kidneys, Blood,Inflammation of the gall bladder

Phyllanthus urinaria L. Chanca Piedra Whole plant, fresh or Oral Liver Inflammation, Clean JULS133,dried blood from toxins, Inflammation, EHCHL167

Bladderstones, Liver, Kidneys,Blood, Inflammation of the gall bladder

F A B A C E A E Acacia macracantha Faique, Espino, Bark, dried Topical 1. Wounds, Stops bleeding GER28, JULS172H. & B. ex Willd. Huarango 2. Arthritis, Rheumatism

Caesalpinia paipai R. & P. Pay Pay Fruits, fresh or dried Topical Killing lice, Wounds GER40

Caesalpinia spinosa (Molina) Tara, Talla, Seeds pods, 1. Oral 1. Pharyngitis, Throat, SkinKuntze Chanchalagua Whole plant, 2. Topical infection, Animal bites, ISA55, EHCHL27,

fresh or Antibiotic, Inflammation VFCHL21,dried of the tonsils 2. Fungus, Skin JULS255, GER143

infection, Angina pectoris and similarconditions, Antibiotic, Wounds,Cleaning wounds, Boils,Animal bites, Amoebainfections, Inflammation ofovaries,Inflammation of uterus,Inflammation of the vagina

Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. Chivato Whole plant, fresh Topical Bad Air / Mal Aire JULS136or dried

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Cassia fistula L. Caña Fistula Seeds, fresh or dried Oral Nervous system, Epilepsy RBU/PL386

Desmodium molliculum Pie de Perro, Pata Whole plant, 1. Oral 1. Inflammation (internal), JULS41, RBU/(H.B.K.) DC. -Perro, Pata de Perro, fresh or dried 2. Topical Inflammation (external), PL268, GER135,

Chancas de Comida, Inflammation of the kidneys, JULS44,Muña, Manayupa Diarrhea, Stomachache, EHCHL109, RBU

Kidneys, Inflammation of the PL256ovaries, Inflammation of thewomb, Gastritis2.Wounds (cleansing), Scars

Erythrina spp. Huailulo, Huairuro Seeds, dried Charm Protection from evil GER196

Leucaena leucocephala Arabisca, Huaba Bruja Bark, Flowers and Topical Antiseptic, Clean wounds JULS104(Lam.) De Wit Stems, fresh

Mimosa albida H. & B. Tapa Tapa Leaves, Stems, Oral Hemorrhage, especially JULSFlowers, fresh afterabortion

Myroxylon balsamum Quina Quina, Seeds, dried 1., 3. Oral 1. Nervous system, Bronchitis JULS287, RBU/(L.) Harms. Kina Kina 2. Topical 2. Bronchitis, Headache PL382, EHCHL151,

3.Cough, Bronchitis, Asthma VFCHL46, GER91

Otholobium glandulosum (L.) Culén, Culén Stems, fresh Oral Diarrhea, Cold of the stomach EHCHL5,Grimes or dried JULS40

Senna monilifera H.S. Irwin Hojas de Sen Leaves,dried Oral Purgative, Constipation, EHCHL34,& Bowley Cleansing of the stomach EHCHL12

Spartium junceum L. Retama 1. Flowers and 1. Oral 1. Hepatitis, Liver, High blood EHCHL60,or fresh 2. Whole 2. Topical pressure, Diabetes 2. Arthritis, EHCHL 146,plant, fresh Good Luck, Bone pain, RBU/PL279,

Sinusitis, Blood purification JULS239

Trifolium repens L. Trebol, Flowers, Leaves Oral Inflammation, Inflammation ISA47,RBU/L330,Trebol de agua and Stems, fresh of the urinary tract, Stomach, EHCHL30

or dried Stomach Pain, Ulcer, Inflammationof the kidneys, Kidneys, Blood

GE N T I A N A C E A E Coutoubea ramosa Aublet Genciana Fruits, fresh Topical Wounds, Scars, Rashes, Cold GER207

sores

Gentianella bicolor (Wedd.) Corpus Way, Whole plant, fresh Oral Arthritis, Diabetes, Bone EHCHL14,J. Pringle Corposhuar, or dried pain, Cholesterol, Gastritis, VFCHL5, RBU/

Hornamo Leon Liver, Blood, Rheumatism PL304, JULS167

Gentianella bruneotricha Anga Macha Whole plant, fresh Oral Infection of the uterus, After JULS282(Gilg.) J.S. Pringle. giving birth

Gentianella crassicaulis Violeta Genciana Whole plant, Oral Gastritis, Diabetes V FCHL7J.S. Pringle fresh or dried (special types), Dizziness

G E R A N I A C E A E Geranium ayavacense Puli Punchi, Pasuchaca, Whole plant, fresh 1., 2. Oral 1. Diabetes2. Inflammation, JULS48,Willd ex H.B.K. Pachuchaca, or dried Kidneys, Liver, Urinary EHCHL63,

Miscamisca tract,Inflammation of all kinds VFCHL6

Geranium sesiliflorum PuliPunchi, Whole plant, 1., 2. Oral 1. Diabetes 2. Inflammation, JULS48,Cavanil les Pachuchaca,

Miscamisca, fresh or dried Kidneys, Liver,Urinary tract, EHCHL63Pasuchaca Inflammation of all kinds VFCHL6

Pelargonium odoratisimum Malva de Oro, Whole plant, fresh Oral Arthritis, Heart, Nerves, Blood, TRUVan/Erica14,(L.) L’Herit. Malva de Olor, or dried Mal de susto, Inflammation TRUBH6,

Malva Olorosa of the ovaries, Inflammation EHCHL89,of the womb JULS188

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141

J U G LA N D A C E A E Juglans neotropica Diels Nogal Leaves, fresh 1., 2., 5. 1.Hairloss2.Sorcery,Daño, RBU/PL273, ISA67,

Topical Arthritis, Wounds (cleansing), EHCHL4, ISA1233., 4. Oral Fright / Susto 3. Cough,

Bronchitis, Asthma4. Diabetes 5. Arthritis,Wounds (cleansing)

L A M I A C E A E Hyptis sidifolia (L´Her.) Pedorera, Pedrorera, Whole plant, fresh Oral Gases, Colic of the intestine, EHCH L21, RBU/Briq. Hierba de la or dried Gastritis, Cramps PL254, JULS222,

Ventosedad, Pedorrera, JULS4, GER76Albaca Serrana

Lepechinia meyenii Salvia, Salvia Real Whole plant, fresh 1. Oral 1. Bronchitis, Heart, Nerves, RBU/PL303, (Walpers) Epling or dried 2. Topical Memory, Menstruation VFCHL17,

2. Wounds, Hair loss ISA91

Marrubium vulgare L. Cordon de Muerto, Whole plant, Topical Inflammation of the body JULS132Chanca de Comida, fresh orChancaz de Muerto dried

Melissa officinalis L. Toronjil, Melissa Whole plant, fresh Oral Nerves, Insomnia, Heart, JULS26, EHCHL2,or dried Tachycardia RBU/PL260,

VFCHL14

Mentha spicata L. Hierba Buena, Whole plant, fresh 1. Oral 1. Parasites, Colic, Stomach RBU/PL308,Hierba Buena 2. Topical ache, Gastritis, Indigestion, Colic EHCHL74, RBU/Silvestre, Menta of the stomach,Tapeworms, PL267, JULS72,

Intestinal worms, Headache, VFCHL3, JULS20,Aphrodisiac,Gases, Bad breath GER15, GER134, 2. Colic, Stomach ache JULS20

Origanum majorana L. Mejorana Leaves and Stems, Oral Colic, Heart, Nerves, Menstration, EHCHL88, JULS19,fresh Anxiety,Depression, Pain of love RBU/PL317,

GER165

Origanum vulgare L. Oregano Leaves and Stems, Oral Colic, Menstrual cramps, JULS205, GER114fresh or dried Menstration, Stomach ache,

Gases, Lower stomachcramps related to PMS

Salvia discolor H.B.K. Palmeras (Chica), Stems, fresh 1., 2. Oral 1. Cough 2. Preventing ISA93, ISA151(93a),Llatama, Yatama infections related to birth ISA25

Salvia rosmarinifolia Romero del Campo, Whole plant, fresh 1., 2., 3. 1., 2., 3. Inflammation, JULS49, ISA118,Hort. ex G. Don. Romero Blanco, Topical Sinusitis ISA77, EHCHL108,

Romero Serrano GER111

Satureja pulchella Panizara, Panisara Leaves, fresh Oral Bronchitis, Asthma, Liver GER148, JULS43(H.B.K.) Briquet or dried disease, Infection (internal),

Nerves, Menstrual delay,Providing vitamins

L A U R A C E A E Persea americana Mill. Palta 1. Leaves, fresh or 1.,2.,3. Oral 1. Lose weight JULS211, GER18

dried 3. Flowers, 2. Diarrhea, Kidneystones,fresh Contraceptive, Sterilization2. Seeds, fresh for women only 3. Cough

L I N A C E A E Linum sativum L. Linaza Seeds, dried Oral Inflammation of the kidneys, EHCHL159,

Liver, Inflammation, JULS185,Inflammation of the prostate, GER139Galbladder stones, Kidneystones

142

L O G A N I A C E A E

Buddleja utilis Kraenzl. Flor Blanca Flowers, fresh Oral Menstruation, Inflammation RBU/PL333,or dried of the womb, Ovarian cysts, EHCHL38, ISA60,

Inflammation of uterus, JULS155, GER136Inflammation

LY T H R A C E A E

Cuphea strigulosa H.B.K. Lancetilla, Gacetilla, Leaves and Stems, Oral Blood circulation, GER104, EHCHL35,Sanguinaria, Gansetilla, fresh Fever, Blood VFCHL34, JULS33,Hierba del Toro purification, Intestinal SA51, RBU/PL259,

infections, Heart, I EHCHL43,Nervous system, JULS59,Blood, Liver, ISA53, GER147Discharges,Colic, Gases, Diarrhea,Inflammation of thestomach, Kidneys,Internal Inflammation,Strengthen the body,Anemia

M A LVA C E A E

Alcea rosea (L.) Cavanilles Malva Blanca, Whole plant except Inflammation, Cough, JULS78, JULS79Malva Morada Stems, fresh Oral Hemorrhages

MO N I M I A C E A E Peumus boldus Molina Boldo Leaves, dried Oral Inflammation of the liver, JULS114, GER157

Kidney Inflammation

M O R A C E A E

Ficus carica L. Higo Leaves and Stems, Oral Diabetes JULS165fresh or dried

Morus alba L. Morera Leaves and Stems, Oral Diabetes JULS197fresh or dried

MYRICACEAE

Myrica pubescens H. & B. Laurel Leaves and Stems, Topical Fright / Susto, Sorcery ISA84, ISA128ex Wild. dried

MY R TA C E AE

Eugenia obtusifolia Cambes. Unquia Real, Leaves and Stems, Oral Inflammation (general) JULS32Rumilanchi fresh or dried

Eucalyptus citriodora Hooker Citrodora Whole plant, fresh Oral Diabetes JULS60or dried

Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Alcanfor, Eucalipto 1. Leaves, dried 1., 2., 4.Oral 1., 2., 4. Bronchitis, ISA130, JULS61,Serrano, Eucalipto 2., 3. Leaves, 3. Topical Respiration, Cold, Cough, VFCHL35,

fresh or dried Sinusitis, Asthma 3. Cold, JULS153, GER14,Rheumatism, Bone Pain,Congestion, Burn fat EHCHL12

Psidium guajava L. Hoja de Guanábana, Leaves and Stems, Oral Cancer, Liver sicknes VFCHL24Graviola fresh or dried

O L A C A C E A E

Heisteria acuminata Chuchuasi, Bark, fresh or dried 1., 2. Oral 1. Cold, Cough, Bones, RBU/PL287,(H. & B.) Engler Chuchuhuasi 3. Topical Arthritis2. Fertility, JULS138, GER164

Sexual potency3. Arthritis, Muscle pain,Bone pains, Sprains,Colds, Burning fat, Burningcholesterol

143

O R C H I D A C E A E

Stelis sp. Huaime-Huaime, Root, dr ied Topica l Inflammation of ovaries, JULS169 ,R BU/Cuchari l la Inflammation of uterus PL296,

EHCHL45,GE R 1 29

PA S S I FL O R A C E A E

Passiflora caerulea L. Pasionara Flowers, Leaves Oral Nerves, Insomnia, Anxiety JULS217and Stems,fresh

Passiflora ligularis Jus. Hoja de Granadilla, 1. Leaves and Oral 1. Liver, Blood circulation, EHCHL47,Granadilla new shoots, fresh Inflammation, Inflammation JULS163

2. Peel of the Fruit, of the kidneys, Inflammationfresh of the liver 2. Diarrhea

Passiflora . Hojas de Tumbo Leaves, fresh Oral Liver, Menstrual pain, EHCHL135quardrangularis L Stomachache

P H Y T OL A C C A C E A E

Phytolacca bogotensis Laylambo, I lambo Flowers, Leaves 1., 2. 1., 2. Malaria, ISA81, ISA111,H .B .K. and Stems, fresh Topica l Dengue, Yellow fever JU LS 218

P I P E R A C E A E

Piper aduncum L. Yerba del Soldado, 1. Leaves, fresh or 1. Oral 1. Cold, Fungus, VFCHL26, RBU/Tilonga, Matico, dried 2. Leaves, 2. Topical Cough, Wounds, PL277, TRUVan/Mogo-Mogo fresh Bronchitis, Chills, Erica24,JULS15,

Tuberculosis, Stopping a GER141,hemorrhage2. Wounds JULS199reluctant to heal, ImmuneSystem, Infection,Inflammation, Bronchitis,Colic (women), Wounds

P L A N TA G I NA C E A E

Plantago linearis H.B.K. Llantén Serrano, 1.,2. Whole plant, 1. Topical 1.Inflammation of wounds,.Llantén de la Costa, fresh Wounds (cleansing)2. Liver, JULS35, JULS86,Llantén 3. Root, fresh 2., 3. Oral Inflammation of the kidneys, GER133

Wounds, Bladder3. Cough,Bronchitis

Plantago sericea R. & P. var. Pajilla Blanca Whole plant, fresh Oral Vaginal discharge JULS207lanuginosa Grieseb. or dried

P O A C E A E

Cenchrus echinatus L. Abrojo, Cadillo Whole plant, fresh Oral Sharp pain in any part of JULS89the body, Inflammation(general), Skin, Intestine,Liver disease, Gallbladderdisease, Tumors, Urinarydisease

Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Cedron, Hierba Luisa, Leaves, Roots and Oral Cold, Cough, Nerves, EHCHL16,Stapf. Maria Luisa Stems, fresh or dried Flu, Varicose veins, Stomach VFCHL30, JULS181,

Pain, Blood circulation, Cancer GER25

Cynodon dactylon (L.) Grama Dulce Stems, dried Oral Cysts of the ovary, Cysts of ISA61, JULS73,Persoon the uterus, Inflammation of the ISA106, GER151

kidneys, Inflammation(general), Uterus, Fibroids,Uterus prolapse

Triticum sativum L. Trigo Seeds, dried Topical Vaginal infection, Vaginal discharge GER182

P O LY G A LA C E A E

Polygala paniculata L. Canchalagua Whole plant, fresh Oral Blood circulation EHCHL59 or dried

P OLY GO NA C E A E

Polygonum Pica Pica Leaves, fresh Infections J U LS2 23hydropiperoides Michaux

P O LY P O D I A CE A E

Polypodium crassifolium L. Lengua de Ciervo, Stems, fresh Oral Inflammation of the EHCHL71,Lengua de Servio, k idneys,Pros tate,Bladder , TRUBH38, RBU/Calaguala, Lengua de Internal Inf lammation, PL331, RBU/Ciervo Inflammation, Liver, PL332, JULS52,

Kidneys, Ulcers J U LS3 03

R A N U N C U L A C E A E

Laccopetalum giganteum Huamanripa, Pacra, 1., 2. Leaves, fresh 1., 2., 4. 1. Cough, Bronchitis, VFCHL53, RBU/(Wedd.) Ulbrich Flor de Guarmarya or dried3. Whole Oral Asthma, Flu, Cold PL321, EHCHL42,

plant, fresh 3. Topical 2. Fertilization (Heat Ovaries) JULS284, GER1623. Rheumatism4. Epilepsy, Heart disease,Palpitation

R O S A C E A E

Cydonia oblonga Miller Membrillo 1. Fruit Peel, fresh Oral 1., 3. Depression, Nerves, JULS1942. Fruit pulp, fresh Insomnia, Heart problems3. Leaves, dresh 2. Vomiting, Nausea

Rubus robustus C. Presl. Zarzamora, Moyaca, Flowers and Leaves, 1. Topical 1. Pain of the body EHCHL132(a),Zarza, Zarza Parrilla, fresh or dried 2., 3. , 4. 2.Diabetes, ISA41,Mora, Cushai Oral Cough, Cholesterol (high), ISA48, JULS47,

Bronchitis3. Thoat (dried), EHCHL132(b)Cannot speak4. Kidneystones,Inflammation of the kidneys,Inflammation of uterus, Arthritis

Sanguisorba minor Scop. Pimpinela, Whole plant, fresh Oral Heart, Nervous system, EHCHL117,Flor de Overa Nerves, Insomnia, TRUBH35, RBU/

Depression, Heart, Pain of PL262, ISA57,love, Anxiety, Menstrual JULS25,regulation, Arthritis, Blood, ISA147(103a),Mal de susto VFCHL20,ER170

R U B I A C E A E

Cinchona officinalis L. Cascarilla, 1. Flowers and 1., 2., 1. Cough2. Fertility, RBU/PL314,Quinuagiro Leaves, dried2., 3., 4. Sexual potency3. JULS127,

4. Bark, dried Oral Cancer4. Colds, ISA19, GER1673. Root, fresh Rheumatism VFCHL11, RBU/

Uncaria tomentosa Uña de Gato, Leaves and Stems, Oral, Bronchitis, Kidneys, EHCHL103,(Willdenow ex Roemer Uncaria Tormentosa, fresh or dried Topical Asthma, AIDS, JULS275,& Schultes) DC. Una de Gato de la Allergies, Rheumatic GER230

Selva infections, Cancer,Contraceptive, Ulcers,Prostate, Bladder, Arthritis,Bones, Blood circulation,Hemorrhages (internal),Wounds (internal), KidneyInflammation

144

R U TA C E A E Ruta graveolens L. Ruda, Ruda Whole plant, fresh 1., Oral2. 1. Abortion, Strong colics, ISA152, JULS1,

(Macho y Hembra), Topical Good luck, Fright / Susto, TRUVan/Erica20,Hierba del Quinde Heart, Menstrual regulation, EHCHL128,

Depression, Bad Air / VFCHL16,Mal Aire, Rheumatism, ISA145(108a),Nerves, Vomiting, Nausea2. GER24Aphrodisiac

S A L I C A C E A E Salix chilensis Molina Sauce Leaves, fresh 1. Topical2. 1., 2. Hangover fever, TRUBH25,

Oral Fever, Malaria, Colds JULS82, GER39

S A P OTAC EA E Pouteria lucuma (R. & P.) Lucuma Fruit, fresh Oral Promoting lactation on JULS186Kuntze. women after giving birth

S A X I F R A G A C E A E Escallonia pendula Chuque 1. Leaves, dried2. 1., 2. 1., 2. Arthritis, Bone pain, ISA23, ISA63(R. & P.) Pers. Leaves, fresh Topical Sorcery, Rheumatism, Susto

of Death

S C R O P H U L A R I A C E A E Caprania peruviana Flor Arenilla, Whole plant, fresh Oral Urine retention, Inflammation RBU/PL374,Bentham Te de Indio or dried of the urinary tract, Colic, EHCHL170

Kidney, Dissolving acidsEscobedia grandiflora Azafran Flowers, dried Oral Bronchitis, Pneumonia, JULS110(L.f.) Kuntze Chills (general)Galvesia fruticosa Curil, Macacha Flowers, Leaves 1 Topical2. 1. Arthritis, Rheumatism, VFCHL37,J. Gmelin and Stems, fresh or Oral Nerve pain2. Cold, JULS289

dried Bronchitis, Asthma

S O L A N A C E A E Cestrum auriculatum Hierba Santa, Leaves, fresh 1., 2., 3. 1. Wounds (cleansing)2. JULS166,L’Herit Agrasejo or dried Topical4. Fever3. Relaxant, Fright / RBU/PL281,

Oral Susto, Pain of the body, EHCHL172,High blood pressure, ISA122,Typhoid fever, Preventing GER174,spasms after giving birth, EHCHL102Warming women4. Cough,Fright / Susto, Bronchitis,Colic of the stomach, Highblood pressure, Typhoidfever, Diabetes, Liver,Cholesterol

Cestrum str igilatum Santa María Flowers, leaves Control and regulate JUL S 245R. & P. and Stems, fresh Oral menstrual cycle JUL S 131Datura ferox L. Ch am ic o or dried Oral Bewitching men,

Leaves, dried Lowering moralJuanul loa ochracea Cuya Cuya Seeds, dried Toica l Bad Air / Mal Aire, Pain EHCHL154Cuatrecasas

anywhere on the bodyLycopersicon peruvianum Tomate de Monte Whole plant, fresh Oral Inflammation (internal), GE R 2 37(L.) Mil l. Urinary infections

Nicot iana tabacum L. Taba co Leaves, dried 1. Oral2. 1. Improving vision and JULS251 ,Top ica l insight during rituals, G E R 9 2

Suspend the patient(te voy levantando),Raise the energy ofthe patient2.Bone fractures

145

Solanum americanum Hierba Mora, Whole plant, fresh Topica l 1. Sinusit is, Flu, Cold, EHCHL125,Mi l l . Hierba del Susto, Involuntary urination J U LS 7 6 ,

Baja del Espanto, 2. Fever3. Cold sores, EHCHL87,Semora Mouth blisters, Herpes GER85, GER159

Solanum melongena L. Berenjena Whole Fruit, fresh Oral Burn fat, Lose weight J ULS112

S T E R C U L I A C E A E Theobroma cacao L. C a c a o Fruit Peel, dried Oral Inflammation of the kidneys J ULS117

THE LY PT ER I DAC EA E Thelypteris cf . scalaris Helecho Macho Whole plant, fresh Oral Cont racept ive JU LS 291(Christ.) Alton or dried

TR O PA E O LA CE A E Tropaeolum minus L. Mastuerzo 1. Flowers, fresh 1. Topical 1.Sun spots2.Inflammation JU L S 81

2. Whole plant, fresh 2. Oral of the stomach

TY P H A C E A E Typha angustifolia L. Chante Stems, dried Oral Prostate ISA45

U R T I CA C E A E Pilea microphylla (L.)Lieberman Contra Hierba Whole plant, fresh Oral Bladderstones, RBU/PL282,

Inflammation of the kidneys, EHCHL33Prostate, Cysts

Urtica magellanica A. Ortiga, Ortiga (Chica), Whole plant, fresh 1. Oral2. 1., 2. Blood purification, RBU/PL251,Jussieu ex Poiret Ortiga de Obeja, Ortiga or dried Topical Happiness, Fever, ISA119,

Negra, Hortiga Rheumatism, Arthritis, Blood JULS11, EHCHL50,circulation, Hemorrhages, VFCHL9, GER161Hair loss, Asthma,Hemorrhoids, Inflammation(general)

V E R B E N A C E A E Aloysia triphylla Cedron, Pepas de 1. Whole plant, fresh 1., 3., 4. 1. Depression, Nerves, JULS130, RBU/(L. Her.) Britt. Cedron, Sidrón, 2., 3., 4. Seeds, Oral2. Insomnia, Stomach2., 3. PL384, EHCHL161,

fresh or dried Topical Bad Air / Mal Aire4. RBU/PL305, GER90Sharp pain in the body

Clerodendron sp. Brochamelia Flowers, fresh or dried Oral Bronchitis, Asthma, JULS115Whooping cough RBU/PL369,

Verbena littoralis H.B.K. Verbena, Berbena Whole plant, 1., 2. Topical 1. Fever, Fungus2. JULS77,fresh or dried 3. Oral Hyperactivity, ADHD, EHCHL69,

Tranquility3. Inflammation, VFCHL28,Wounds (cleansing), GER138Blood purification, Cholera,Lower strong character, Colic,Colds

Z Y GO P H Y LL A C E A ETribulus terrestris L. Abrojo, Cadil lo Whole plant, fresh Oral Sharp pain in any part of GE R 1 3 7

the body, Inflammation(general), Skin, Intestine,Liver disease, Gal lbladderdisease, Tumors, Urinaryd isease

L I C H E N E S Siphula sp. Palalio, Papeli l lo, Leaves, fresh Oral L i v e r EHCHL115,

Papeli lla JULS216

146

Additional file 2. Screened plants showing antibacterial activity against at least one bacterial strain testedScientific Name Activity of Activity of water Activity of Ethanol Activity of Ethanol Positive

water extract extract against extract against extract against controlagainst E. coli S. aureus E. coli S. aureus

Acacia macracantha H. & B. ex Willd. 15mm ***Alchornea castaneifolia (Willd.) Juss. 17mm 16mm ***Alnus acuminata H.B.K. 14mm ***Aloysia triphylla (L. Her.) Britt. 14mm ***Ambrosia peruviana Willd. 12mm ***Baccharis cillaris (Retz.) Koeler 8mm ***Bejaria aestuans L. 15mm ***Caesalpinia paipai R. & P. 17mm ***Caesalpinia spinosa (Molina) Kuntze 10mm 24mm ***Caprania peruviana Bentham 11mm ***Cassia fistula L. 12mm ***Cestrum strigilatum R. & P. 12mm 19mm ***Chuquiragua spinosa ssp. huamanpinta C. Ezcurra 13mm ***Clerodendron sp. 8mm ***Coutoubea ramosa Aublet 12mm ***Cuphea strigulosa H.B.K. 12mm ***Cydonia oblonga Miller 11mm ***Desmodium molliculum (H.B.K.) DC. 8mm ***Dioscorea tambillensis Kunth 9mm ***Dioscorea trifida L.f. 8mm ***Dodonea viscosa L. 15mm ***Ephedra americana H. & B. 8mm 22mm ***Escallonia pendula (R. & P.) Pers. 18mm ***Escobedia grandiflora (L.f.) Kuntze 22mm ***Eucalyptus citriodora Hooker 21mm ***Eucalyptus globulus Labill. 20mm ***Eugenia obtusifolia Cambes. 15mm ***Eustephia coccinea Cav. 8mm 7mm ***Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze 10mm 9mm ***Foeniculum vulgare P. Miller 8mm ***Gaultheria erecta Vent. 13mm ***Gentianella bicolor (Wedd.) J. Pringle 18mm ***Gentianella bruneotricha (Gilg.) J.S. Pringle. 9mm ***Geranium ayavacenseWilld. ex H.B.K. 12mm ***Geranium sessiliflorum Cavanilles 8mm 18mm ***Gnaphalium americanum Mill. 9mm ***Heisteria acuminata (H. & B.) Engler 14mm ***Ilex guayusa Loes 14mm 14mm ***Laccopetalum giganteum (Wedd.) Ulbrich 9mm ***Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit 7mm ***Lonicera japonica Thunberg 9mm ***Loricaria ferruginea (R. & P.) Wedd. 15mm ***Mandevilla cf. trianae Woodson 13mm 24mm ***Mauria heterophylla H.B.K. 14mm 17mm ***Mentha spicata L. 12mm ***

147

Mimosa albida H. & B. 12mm ***Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms 12mm ***Nicotiana tabacum L. 8mm ***Oreopanax eriocephalus Harms 8mm ***Origanum majorana L. 17mm ***Oritrophium peruvianum (Lam.) Cuatrec. 14mm ***Otholobium glandulosum (L.) Grimes 10mm ***Passiflora ligularis Jus. 12mm 8mm ***Pelargonium odoratisimum (L.) L’Herit 8mm ***Persea americana Mill. 9mm ***Peumus boldus Molina 13mm 15mm ***Phyllanthus niuriri L. 9mm 12mm ***Phyllanthus urinaria L. 15mm 14mm ***Phytolacca bogotensis H.B.K. 17mm 7mm ***Pilea microphylla (L.) Lieberman 10mm 8mm ***Piper aduncum L. 12mm ***Plantago sericea R. & P. var. lanuginosa Grieseb. 19mm ***Polygonum hydropiperoides Michaux 9mm ***Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cas. 23mm ***Pseudogynoxis cordifolia (Cass.) Cabr. 8mm ***Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek 7mm ***Rubus robustus C. Presl 10mm ***Salvia discolor H.B.K. 13mm ***Schinus molle L. 12mm 14mm ***Schkuhria pinnata (Lam.) Kuntze 12mm ***Senecio canescens (H.B.K.) Cuatrec. 8mm ***Senna monilifera H.S. Irwin & Bowley 10mm ***Siphula sp. 10mm ***Solanum americanum Mill. 16mm ***Spartium junceum (L.) Harms 12mm ***Tagetes erecta L. 20mm ***Tagetes elliptica Sm. 13mm ***Taraxacum officinale Wiggers 20mm ***Tropaeolum minus L. 17mm ***Verbena littoralis H.B.K. 12mm *** *** positive control: at least 7mm inhibition ring against bacteria tested.

148