army research institute - combat leaders' guide
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ARMY RESEARCH INSTITUTEINFANTRY FORCES RESEARCH UNIT
1997
LEADER HANDBOOK
COMBAT LEADERS'GUIDE
CCCCCLLLLLGGGGG
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INTRODUCTIONThe Combat Leaders' Guide is both anextract of doctrinal publications and acompilation of tactics, techniques andprocedures(TTPs). It is principally
designed as a pocket reference andmemory-jogger.
Some TTPs you have learned in trainingdo not appear here. The material in this
job aid comes from the doctrinalliterature program.
Laminate pages to be written on;remove, reorganize or tab pages based
on your mission; insert other job aids,TTPs or SOPs as needed.
Questions? Call SACG at Ft. Benning,DSN 835-5741 LT Kirby, SGT Rose, SGT
Sparks.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PLANTroop leading procedures 2-1Warning order 2-2Factors of METT-T 2-3Estimate of the situation 2-8
Operation order (OPORD) 2-15Fragmentary order (FRAGO) 2-19Time schedule 2-20Light and weather data 2-21
Leading in combat 1-1Basic rules of combat 1-2
Actions before march 3-1Duties of quartering party 3-2March orders 3-3Actions during march 3-4Actions at halts 3-5Actions at assembly area 3-6
MOVE
BASIC COMBAT RULES PAGE
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
DEFEND
Preparation for attack 4-1Consolidation 4-3Reorganization 4-4
Defensive priority of work 5-1Defense planning outline 5-3
Coordination checklist 5-5Establish observation post 5-7Fighting position guidelines 5-8Building fighting position 5-9Range card preparation 5-11
Range card (blank) 5-13Range card (sample) 5-14
5-155-175-18
Sector sketch preparationSector sketch (sample)Occupation of a battle position
PAGEATTACK
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Disengagement planning 7-1Disengagement actions 7-2Passage of lines coordination 7-3Withdrawal under enemy pressure 7-4Withdrawal not under enemy 7-7pressure
Relief in place 7-11
DELAYFundamentals of delay 6-1
WITHDRAW
Fire distribution and control 5-20Camouflage 5-21Physical security 5-22
Fighting from a battle position 5-19
Defending during limited visibility 5-24
DEFEND PAGE
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PATROL/RECON
Patrol planning steps 8-1Patrol coordination 8-2Complete the plan 8-4
Departure from friendly lines 8-6Rally points 8-7Patrol report (debriefed) 8-8Selection of a patrol base 8-9Occupation of a patrol base 8-10
Patrol base activities 8-11Principles of a raid 8-12Conduct a raid 8-13Principles of an ambush 8-15Organize an ambush 8-17
Conduct an ambush 8-19Plan a recon mission 8-21Recon zone 8-23Recon area 8-25
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TABLE OF CONTENTS NBCNBC-1 report 9-1NBC-4 report 9-2NBC-prior to attack 9-3
NBC-during attack 9-4NBC-after attack 9-6Unmasking with chemical agent 9-8detector kit
Unmask without chemical agent 9-9
detector kitMOPP levels 9-10Detailed troop decon 9-11MOPP gear exchange 9-12Mark contaminated area: 9-13
radiological/bio/chemPrepare for NBC attack/protect 9-15
against electromagnetic pulseSupervise radiation monitoring 9-16Using a dosimeter 9-17
Collect/report total radiation dose 9-18
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Principles of fire support 10-1planning/coordination
Call for fire 10-2
Call for fire card 10-4Target list worksheet 10-5Mortar/artillery capabilities 10-6AFV Weapon capabilities 10-7Target acquisition/signature 10-8Attack helicopter capabilities 10-9
Artillery counterfire 10-10
Supplies and logistical services 11-1Precombat check (mech) 11-2Precombat check (light) 11-3
Classes of supply 11-4
Electro counter-counter 12-1measures
Radio troubleshooting 12-2
Splicing field wire 12-3Installing commo lines 12-5
PAGE
COMMO
FIRE SUPPORT AND OBSERVATION
SUPPLIES/LOGISTICS
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TABLE OF CONTENTSPAGE
MINES/DEMO
Crossing objects with commo lines 12-6Messenger briefing 12-7
COMMO
Rules of engagement (ROE) 14-1Area assessment checklist 14-2Checkpoint/roadblock PIR 14-4checklist
PEACEKEEPING
Install/remove hasty protective 13-1minefield
DA Form 1355-1-R sample 13-3DA Form 1355-1-R (blank) 13-4Breaching and clearing minefields 13-5
Nonelectric firing system 13-6Nonelectric/electric priming of 13-8demo block
Clear nonelectric/electric misfires 13-10Electric firing system 13-11
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TABLE OF CONTENTS AIR ASSAULT OPERATIONS
Aircraft troop commander briefing 15-1Safety briefing checklist 15-2Reverse planning sequence 15-3Ground tactical plan 15-4considerations
Landing plan considerations 15-5Landing zone selection criteria 15-6Air assault PZ/LZ planning 15-7considerations
Extraction loading plan 15-8requirements
Leader duties in air assault 15-9operations
Chalk leader duties/platoon air 15-10assault
Set up a helicopter landing site 15-11Night marking of PZs/LZs 15-13
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TABLE OF CONTENTS MEDICALEvaluate a casualty/first aid 16-1Shock - symptoms/first aid 16-2Heat exhaustion/heat cramps 16-3
Heat stroke/sun stroke 16-4Frostbite 16-5Hypothermia/cold weather injury 16-6Request army air MEDEVAC 16-7Continuous operations planning 16-8
Heat precautions 16-10
Engaging aircraft 18-1Weapons control status 18-1Air defense warning 18-2Local air defense warning 18-2
Engagement/lead distances 18-3Passive air defense 18-4
Vehicle recovery procedure checklist 17-1Vehicle recovery fundamentals 17-2
VEHICLE RECOVERY
AIR DEFENSE
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Built-up area fighting principles 19-1Attack and clear a building 19-2Organize building defense 19-3
Principles of the Law of War 20-1Rules of engagement (ROE) and 20-3
the law of warHandling of enemy prisoners of 20-4war (EPWs)
LEGAL ASPECTS OF WAR
MISCELLANEOUS
Spot report/SALUTE 21-1Find unknown range (WORM) 21-2Conversion table: US/metric 21-3Converting azimuths 21-4Reduce risk of fratricide 21-5
COMBAT IN CITIES PAGE
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TABLE OF CONTENTSPAGEMISCELLANEOUSRisk management 21-7Risk management steps 21-8Risk management matrix 21-10
Personnel records 21-11
ACRONYMSAcronyms 22-1
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LEADING IN COMBAT1 Set the example
2 Lead from as far forward as you can
3 Lead from a position where yoursoldiers can see you/your vehicle
4 Lead from where you can control allelements physically or by radio
5 Move to influence the action
6 Make sound, quick decisions
7 Forcefully execute decisions
8 Use reverse planning sequence
Notes:
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1-21 1
BASIC RULES OF COMBATTYPE RULE
5 SUSTAIN
Keep fight going/care for soldiers
4 COMMUNICATEInform everyone/tell soldiers whatyou expect
3 SHOOTEstablish base of fire/mutualsupportKill/suppress enemy
2 MOVEEstablish moving element/moveto position of advantageGain and maintain initiative
1 SECUREUse cover and concealmentEstablish local security/recon
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3 Make tentative plan
5 Conduct Reconnaissance
6 Complete plan
7 Issue orders
8 Supervise and refine
Notes:
2 Issue warning order
TROOP LEADING PROCEDURES
4 Initiate necessary movement
1 Receive mission
STEP ACTION
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1. Situation _____________________________________________________________2. Mission ______________________________________________________________
____________________________________3. General Instructions
a. Special teams/task organization _______________________________________________________________________
b. Common uniform/equipment ________________________________________c. Special weapons, ammo, equipment
____________________________________________________________________
d. Tentative time schedule ____________________________________________
4. Special Instructions ________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________
WARNING ORDER
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ITEM
(FACTORS APPLY TO FR & EN)
FACTORS
FACTORS OF METT-T
MISSION
Specified tasks
Implied tasks
Mission essential tasks
Limitations/constraints
Restated mission
Intent one & two levels up
1
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22 2-4
FACTORS OF METT-TFACTORSITEM
ENEMY
Disposition/composition
Recent activities
Weaknesses
2
Strength
Possible COAs
Reinforcement abilities
Probable COAs
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2-52 2
FACTORS OF METT-TITEM FACTORSTROOPS AVAILABLE3
Disposition
Composition
Strength (personnel/
materiel)
Activities
Weaknesses
Morale
Combat service support
Maintenance level
Key leaders
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22 2-6
FACTORS OF METT-TFACTORSITEM
TERRAIN (OCOKA)4
Cover & concealment
Obstacles
Key terrain
Avenues of approach
Observation/Fields of fire
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FACTORS OF METT-TITEM FACTORS
TIME
Planning & preparation
of combat orders
Start, critical, release
points
Line of departure
Inspections &rehearsals
Movement
Use 1/3 - 2/3 rule
5
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ESTIMATE OF THE SITUATION1. Detailed Mission analysis
a. Mission/intent of commander 2levels up
b. Mission/intent of immediatecommander
g. Tentative time schedule
f. Restated mission
c. Tasks & purpose/specified
& implied
e. Constraints & limitations
d. Mission essential tasks
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ESTIMATE OF THE SITUATION2. Estimate situation/develop courseof action
Disposition
Intentions
Capabilities
CompositionStrengths
Weaknesses
Weapons/units
a. Terrain & weather - effects on
personnel & equipment
b. Enemy situation & COA
Most probable COA basedon doctrine/situation
OCOKA
Visibility/trafficabilitymobility/survivability
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ESTIMATE OF THE SITUATIONc. Friendly situation
Task organization toaccomplish mission
Control measures
Purposes & tasks of main& supporting efforts
Results that must beachieved
Decisive point & time tofocus combat power
d. Friendly COA (repeat foreach COA)
Time available
Equipment available
Troops available
Prepare a COA statement& sketche.
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ESTIMATE OF THE SITUATION3. Analyze COAs
General Factors
commander's intent
relative effectiveness
characteristics of offense and
defense
weapon utilization
METT-T
Mission specific factors
mission essential tasks
logistic support
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ESTIMATE OF THE SITUATION4. Compare Courses of Action 2 31
Supports schemeof maneuver
Helps command& control
Concentrates combatpower at decisive point
Forces providemutual support
Responds to maneuver
elements & reserve
considering how well theCOA:
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ESTIMATE OF THE SITUATION1Compare Courses of Action 24. 3
Maximizes observation &ranges of weaponsystems
Exploits enemy weakness
Provides enoughmaneuver space
Provides cover &
concealment
Uses best avenue of
approach
Accounts for weather
considering how well theCOA:
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ESTIMATE OF THE SITUATION4. Compare Courses of Action 1 2 3
considering how well theCOA:
Considers obstacles
Controls key terrain
Helps speed of execution
Does not requireadjustment of unitpositions
Uses all HQs
Requires normal CSS
5. Decision
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2-15
OPERATION ORDER
2 2
a. Enemy forces:
b. Friendly forces:
Units providing fire support
Mission/concept higher
Task organization:
1. Situation
Location & actions of units on
left, right, front, rear
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OPERATION ORDER
(1) Maneuver
2. Mission
a. Concept of the operation
3. Execution
Intent
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OPERATION ORDER
2 2
(2) Fires
b. Tasks to maneuver units
c. Tasks to combat support units
d. Coordinating instructions(1) Time schedule
(2) PIR
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OPERATION ORDER
a. General:
4. Service Support:
5. Command and Signala. Command:
b. Signal:
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2-192 2
FRAGMENTARY ORDER(FRAGO provides changes to anexisting order. Address only ele-ments that have changed)
1. Situation
2. Mission
3. Execution
4. Service Support
5. Command/Signal
Reference
Task organization
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FRAGMENTARY ORDERTIME SCHEDULEWHEN WHAT WHERE WHO
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2-212 2
FRAGMENTARY ORDERLIGHT AND WEATHER DATAITEM FIRST DAY NEXT DAY
BMNT/EENT
Sun Rise
Sun Set
Moon Rise
Moon SetNVG Hours
Temp High/Lo
% Illum
Winds
Precip
Effects of light & weather:
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ACTIONS BEFORE MARCHSTEP ACTION
1 Give warning order
2 Select quartering party NCO and
send to team CP
3 Recon route from AA to SP
4 Record time from AA to SP
5 Adjust departing time from AAto arrive at SP on time
6 Have crews perform precombat
checks
7 Have vehicle commanders reporttheir status
8 Give march order to vehiclecommanders
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DUTIES OF QUARTERING PARTYSTEP ACTION1 Inspect intended assembly area
for enemy NBC/mines
8 Brief platoon leader
7 Guide platoon into area
6 Select covered/concealed routeto RP; meet platoon
5 Select general location ofvehicle positions; mark places
4 Clear or mark obstacles
3 Establish and maintain commo
2 Secure platoon area untilplatoon arrives
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1. Destination (map) _______________________________________________________2. Route of march (map) ___________________________________________________
_____________________________________3. Location of SP, critical points, RP(map) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________4. SP time __________________________5. March interval (meters) _____________6. March speed (mph/kph) _____________7. Catch up speed (mph/kph) __________
8. Time and location of scheduled halts__________________________________________________________________________9. Time unit leaves present position _________________________________________
10. Order of march _______________________________________________________
MARCH ORDERS
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ACTIONS DURING MARCHITEM ACTION
2 Maintain ground and air security
1 Arrive at SP on time at marchspeed with proper march interval
5 If under radio listening silence -use hand and arm signals, flagsignals, or flashlight signals
4 Report SP, critical points, RP(unless under radio listeningsilence)
3 Observe vehicle sectors ofresponsibility
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ACTIONS AT HALTSITEM ACTION
2 Establish/maintain security
1 Pull to side of route - maintainorder
6 Take appropriate actions/repairvehicles if possible
5 Report status
4 Maintain observation/contactwith other vehicles
3 Move disabled vehicles offroad - post guides to direct
traffic
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ACTIONS AT ASSEMBLY AREAITEM ACTION
1 Follow guides into preselectedsecure positions
5 Establish wire commo net/coordinate with other units
4 Conduct fire planning
7 Start maintenance/resupply/rearming
8 Prepare/rehearse reaction plan
6 Check/adjust positions;camouflage positions
2 Clear RP without halting3 Emplace/maintain security/OPs
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PREPARATION FOR ATTACKTASK ACTION
2 Move to assembly area
1 Issue warning order
5 Check key equipment
4 Check weapons
6 Rehearse critical tasks
7 Recon rtes to LD/OBJ
8 Issue OPORD
9 Resupply, rearm, refuel
3 Perform commo check
10 Coordinate w/higher,supporting, adjacent units
11 Rehearse
12 Conduct PMCS as required
13 Check/integrate attachments
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44 4-2
PREPARATION FOR ATTACKTASK ACTION14 Check NBC situation/confirm
MOPP status
Notes:
19 Move to LD
18 Rest troops
17 Feed troops
16 Inspect vehicles
15 Inspect troops
Several steps may occur concurrently.
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CONSOLIDATIONSTEP ACTION
1 Eliminate all remaining enemyresistance on objective
2 Occupy hasty positions/prepare for counterattack
3 Bring up base of fire element
4 Prepare for a counterattack
5 Position key weapon systems
6 Develop quick fire plan
7 Prepare range cards
8 Begin planning to continueattack (map recon, orders)
Notes:
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REORGANIZATION
1 Reestablish chain ofcommand
STEP ACTION
Request resupply as needed
Treat, evacuate, process
3 Clear objective of casualties &
EPW
Redistribute ammo, supplies,equipment as needed
Reman key weapons
2 Reestablish security/prep forcounterattack
Report status: ACE (AMMO/Casualties/Equipment)
Restore commo withhigher, adjacent, FSO
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STEP ACTIONREORGANIZATION
Notes:
4 Prepare for next mission
Relocate weapons & positions
Reoccupy & repair positionsRepair obstacles & minesRepair & maintain equipment
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DEFENSIVE PRIORITY OF WORKSTEP TASK
1 Establish local security
9 Site final protective line(FPL) and fires (FPF),priority targets
8 Prepare squad & platoonsector sketches
7 Prepare range cards
6 Clear fields of fire
3 Posn sqds/assign sectors
for interlocking sectors
5 Coordinate with adjacent units
2 Position key weapons & vehicles
4 Set up commo net
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STEP TASKDEFENSIVE PRIORITY OF WORK
10 Prep fighting positions
11 Emplace mines & obstacles
12 Establish fire control measures
13 Assign alternate & supplemen-tary battle positions
14 Take NBC protective measures
15 Improve primary positions
16 Prep alternate then suppl posns
21 Continue to improve positions
20 Stockpile ammo, food, water
19 Rehearse actions on contact
18 Recon supply/evac routes
17 Establish sleep/rest plan
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DEFENSE PLANNING OUTLINE1. Commander's intent ________________________________________________________________________________________2. Platoon/squad mission _____________
________________________________________________________________________3. Position in company defense ________________________________________________________________________________
4. Sectors of fire/EAs/TRPs________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5. Fire support available ______________
________________________________________________________________________6. Evacuate/destroy procedures fordamaged vehicles ________________________________________________________
____________________________________
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DEFENSE PLANNING OUTLINE7. Evacuation procedures for friendlycasualties_______________________________________________________________8. Place to take EPW _________________
________________________________________________________________________9. Special signals to use ______________________________________________________________________________________
10. On-order mission for platoon/squad________________________________________________________________________11. Position and mission of units onflanks ______________________________
________________________________________________________________________12. Position and mission of units in therear ____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________
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COORDINATION CHECKLISTSTEP
Sectors of fire of machine guns,anti-armor weapons & subunits
3
1 Location of leaders
2 Location of primary, alternate,& supplementary positions
ITEM
Location & types of obstacles
& how to cover them
7
6
5
Route to alternate &supplementary positions
4
Location of OPs & withdrawalroutes back to the platoon orsquad position
Location of dead space betweenplatoons & squads & how tocover it
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COORDINATION CHECKLISTSTEP ITEM
Patrols - size, type, timesof departure & return & routes
Fire support planned
Engagement &disengagement criteria
Location of coordinationpoints
8
9
Location, activities & passageplan for scouts & other unitsforward of platoon position
Signals for fire/cease fire& any emergency signals
10
11
12
13
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ITEM ACTION
Select site - cover & concealmentOverlapping sectors
Designate OP security &
secure reporting proceduresEstablish withdrawal planwith procedures & routes
Change observers every 20-30
minutes as situation permits
Conduct surveillance - nameobserver, recorder & security
Search, identify & reportpersonnel, vehicles, etc.Use overlapping sectorsof observation
Prepare to call for/adjustindirect fire; use binos/
NODs; navigation tools &commo equipment
3
4
5
2
1
ESTABLISH OBSERVATION POST
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FIGHTING POSITION GUIDELINESITEM DESCRIPTION
Prep by stages with inspectionImprovement is progressive
Site to engage the enemy
select best position, cover deadspace, use max eff range &provide interlocking firesPriority to effective weaponsystem use; METT-T dependent
Protection - adequate to coverenemy weaponsPosition - provide cover &
concealment - make sure itcannot be seenFill sandbags 3/4 fullRevet excavations in sandy soilCheck stabilization of wall basesInspect daily, especially afterrain & after direct/indirect firesMaintain, repair, improveUse proper material, correctly
3
2
1
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BUILD FIGHTING POSITIONSTAGE ACTION1
2 Emplace walls: 1 helmet distancefrom hole to start of coverFront wall 2-3 sandbags high by2 M16s long for 2 man positionFlank wall same height, 1 M16long; rear wall 1 sandbag highby 1 M16 longStakes required to hold logsLeader inspects position
Establish position:Leader check fields of fire,soldier emplace sector stakes
Position log or sandbagbetween stakesScoop out elbow holesPosition lim vis aiming stakesTrace outline on ground
Clear fields of fireLeader inspects position
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BUILD FIGHTING POSITION
Dig the position: throw &pack dirtArmpit deep
Parapets filled, all camouflagedGrenade sumps dug/floor slopedRucksack storage optionalLeader inspects position
Overhead cover: camouflageblended, cannot detect at 35MLogs placed over center frontto rearWaterproofing (plastic bags,
ponchos) placed over top6" - 8" of dirt/sandbags piledon topOverhead cover & bottomcamouflaged
Leader inspects position
STAGE ACTION
4
3
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Note: Make card and copy for eachprimary, alternate, supplementaryposition
RANGE CARD PREPARATION
STEP ACTION
1 Draw symbol for weapon/position in center circle
Draw terrain features/mark wpnref point from terrain or grid
Draw/label L&R sector limits
6 Show dead space areas and label
Draw final protective lines/principal direction of fire
Draw max engagement lines
2
4
7
8
3 Determine range value for each
circle by dividing range to mostdistant terrain feature by numberof circles & label card
5 Draw and number TRPs, RPs andpossible EAs as ordered
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Show gun elev (mils), ammo,range (meters) to limits, TRPs& ref points, describe objects
List L&R limits, TRPs, ref pointsin numerical order
RANGE CARD PREPARATIONSTEP ACTION9 Fill in data section
Identify primary, alternate orsupplementary position
10
11 Fill in marginal info, nothigher than company & direction
of magnetic north arrow
Fill in wpn ref data (description,
grid, magnetic az, distance fromWRP to position) in remarks
Identify weapon/vehicle
Date & time range card complete
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DATA SECTIONDATEPOSITION IDENTIFICATION
EACH CIRCLE EQUALSMETERS
WEAPON
DIRECTION/DEFLECTION
ELEVATION RANGENO. AMMO DESCRIPTION
DA FORM 5517 R
REMARKS:
SQDPLTCO
.
May be used for all types of direct fire weaponsMAGNETIC
NORTH
RANGE CARD PREPARATION
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RANGE CARD PREPARATION
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Make card and copy for each primary,alternate and supplementary position
SECTOR SKETCH PREPARATION
ITEM ACTION
1 Draw your unit sector or EA
2 Draw main terrain features insector(s) and range to each
3 Draw subunit positons
4 Draw subunit primary and
secondary sectors of fire5 Draw weapon positions with
primary sectors of fire for each
6 Draw MEL for each weapon/
ammo7 Draw machine gun/cannon final
protective lines or principaldirection of fire
8 Draw location of CP/OP
9 Draw TRPs and RPs in sector
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SECTOR SKETCH PREPARATIONITEM ACTION10 Draw mines/obstacles
12 Draw and label dead space
13 Draw patrol routes
14 Draw locations, sector of fire of
other weapons in your sector
11 Draw indirect fire targetlocations/final protective fire
locations
15 Draw location of NODs for usein limited visibility plan
Place your unit ID, DTG
prepared, and magnetic northarrow on sketch (pencil)
Notes:
16
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SECTOR SKETCH PREPARATION
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OCCUPATION OF ABATTLE POSITION (BP)STEP ACTION
Rpt situation to Co/Tm Cdr
Wire commoPositions/routes of withdrawal
OPs/patrolsCoord w/flank/adjacent unitsObservation & fields of fire
6 Designate alt & suppl psns,sectors of fire/EA/TRP
5 Designate primary sectors offire/EA/TRP
4 Designate general location ofprimary posns; move platoon
3 Recon primary, alternate &supplementary positions
2 Keep rest of plt in hide psn(s)
7
8
Improve psn; plan rts to next BP9
1 Move to turret-down psn on BP
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FIGHTING FROM A VEHICLEBATTLE POSITION (BP)STEP ACTION
1 Determine targets to engage
2 Determine methods of targetengagement
4 Issue platoon fire commands
3 Send contact and spot report
5 Call for indirect fire as needed
6 Send spot reports
7 Move to subsequent BP
9 Organize to fight from BPs
8 Keep Co/Tm Cdr informed ofsituation and location
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FIRE DISTRIBUTIONAND CONTROLITEM PRINCIPLE
Destroy most dangerous targets first,considering range, terrain and
weapon capability
Use each weapon in its best role
Avoid target overkill
Engage critical targets first;engage laterally and in depth
Concentrate on long range targets ifpossible, to gain standoff advantage
Take best shots; expose only
systems actually needed
Control firing; conserve ammo ifpossible
Engage different threatssimultaneously
Avoid fratricide
1
2
4
5
6
3
7
9
8
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ACTION
Prepare individual/equipment
STEP
Consider position from enemyviewpoint
Use natural concealment/blend
Reduce shine and movement
Observe from prone position
Don't skyline when moving
Inspect the following areas
Individuals/Fighting positions
Vehicles and routes in and out
Noise/light discipline plan
Camouflage netsBreak up vehicle silhouettes -
1
2
4
Reduce vehicle noise6
5 Reduce glare and signatures
use nets
3
CAMOUFLAGE
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STEP
Conduct patrols
Troops ready
Conduct stand-to (general)
Radios on/tested
Weapons loaded/ready
Vehicles topped off/loaded/ready
Basic load of missiles/ammo
Conduct stand-to (evening)
Emplace vision block covers/turn internal lights off
Ready driver's night visionviewer
Test panel control lights/thermal sights
1
3
2
Prepare NVGs/NODs
ACTIONPHYSICAL SECURITY
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ACTIONSTEP
Silent watch
Post local security
Assign sectors for surveillance
Use manual, battery, or AVPpower when possible
Use radio listening silence
Lay guns on primary AAs/EAs
Assign sectors/observe sectors
Rotate troops using thermal
sight(s)
Adjust position(s) closer tovehicle(s) at night
5
4
Check all batteries
Upload wpns and ammo
Inspect vehicle position toinsure no light is visible afterdark
PHYSICAL SECURITY
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Employ long range STANOequip (GSR, sensors, NOD)
Coordinate any movementoutside battle psn boundarieswith higher and adjacent units
Redeploy some units & weapons
to concentrate along dismount-ed avenues of approach
Employ nuisance obstaclesand early warning devices
along likely night approaches
Employ scouts, OP, patrols,ambushes, and armor killer
teams forward on secondaryAA and between positions
2
3
4
5
DEFENDING DURINGLIMITED VISIBILITY
ACTIONITEM
1
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ITEM ACTION
Rehearse movement ofweapons, units, and massingof fires on enemy approaches
Plan illumination on or behindengagement areas tosilhouette enemy
7
9
Plan required movement ofweapons, units, and massing
of fires on enemy approaches
6
Reposition weapons to takeadvantage of differencesbetween enemy and friendlySTANO devices
8
DEFENDING DURINGLIMITED VISIBILITY
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ACTION
Move TRPs and/or EAs closer
to defensive positions or moveweapons closer to them-
use METT-T
Commence adjustments todefensive organization before
dark
Complete return to daylightpositions before dawn
Move closer to avenue(s) of
approach you guard duringbad weather
Be aware that sensors andradar may still penetrate bad
weather
10
11
12
13
14
ITEM
DEFENDING DURINGLIMITED VISIBILITY
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FUNDAMENTALS OF DELAY
1 Centralized control anddecentralized execution
ITEM ACTION
Maintain enemy contact
Coordinate flank security
2 Maximize OCOKA
Observation and fields of fire
3 Force enemy maneuver/deploy
Trade space for time
Use snipers, ambushes toslow enemy
Cover and concealment
Key terrain
Avenues of approach
Obstacles
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FUNDAMENTALS OF DELAY
9 Each unit sets up own security
Displace to next position
7 Missions: delay in sector or
forward of a line or position forspecified time
8 Assign sectors for eachcommitted unit/avenue ofapproach
Avoid decisive engagement
6 Keep free to maneuver
Observe and adjust fires
Keep enemy in sight
4 Use obstacles
Natural and reinforcing
Cover by observation/fire5 Maintain enemy contact
ITEM ACTION
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DISENGAGEMENT PLANNING1. Scheme of maneuver ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Time of disengagement _________________________________________________3. Priority of disengagement _______________________________________________4. Location of new positions ___________
____________________________________5. Size and composition of advanceparties _________________________________________________________________6. Size and composition of overwatch
forces __________________________________________________________________7. Location of overwatch forces ____________________________________________8. Combat service support ____________
____________________________________
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PASSAGE OF LINESCOORDINATION(MECH)
1. Disposition of the stationary force2. Contact points3. Select routes4. Size of passage lanes5. Attack position (forward move)6. Assembly area (rearward move)7. Initial location8. Time of transfer of responsibility
9. Traffic control/guides10. Communications/call signs/
frequencies11. Supporting fires12. Recognition signals13. CS/CSS14. Execution
(LIGHT)1. Ask for changes to previous coordination2. Known or suspected enemy3. Fire & barrier plan
4. Actions on contact5. What type support provided
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WITHDRAWAL UNDERENEMY PRESSUREITEM ACTION
1 Withdrawal principles
2 Disengagement techniquebased on enemy status,terrain, available covering
fires
Simultaneous when overwatchis present; by teams; thinningthe lines
Initiate break contact drillusing fire, maneuver,overwatch, obscuration
Co Cdr controls sequence ofplt withdrawals/PL controlssquads
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WITHDRAWAL UNDERENEMY PRESSUREITEM ACTION
3 Maintain base of fire
Use Infantry in close terrain/limited visibility/against
dismounted enemy
Move AT weapons/tanks backfirst against enemy mountedattack
4 Plan for/specify
Scheme for maneuver
Time of withdrawal
Location of new positions
Size/make-up of advanceparty/overwatch forces
Routes/checkpoints
Battle/overwatch positions
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ITEM ACTION
WITHDRAWAL NOT UNDERENEMY PRESSURE
1 Withdrawal principles
Speed/secrecy/deceptionAt night/in reduced visibility
As part of a larger force toperform another mission
2 For plt as company securityforce
Cover entire company area
Reposition sqds/wpns to cover
withdrawalPlace 1 sqd's key weapons ineach plt psn to cover mostdangerous AA
Co XO or PL is security forceleader
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WITHDRAWAL NOT UNDERENEMY PRESSUREITEM ACTION
Gets withdrawal order by landline or radio codeword
Uses company plan to withdraw
Reassembles to move to rear
If under attack, conducts fireand maneuver to rear until they
break contact5 Quartering party
Send ahead before withdrawal
PSG and guide for each squad
Recons and selects psn/sectors/routes/OP for plt
Meets and guides plt into psn
PSG meets/briefs PL on
position/situation
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WITHDRAWAL NOT UNDERENEMY PRESSUREITEM ACTION
6 Company OPORD contains
Time withdrawal will start
Location of plt/co assemblyarea & routes between
Plt mission(s) upon arrival
Next co/plt mission
7 Platoon Leader plans
Location of sqd/plt assembly
areas and routes between
Size/org/Cdr of scty force
Size/org/Cdr of scty force
Next plt/sqd mission(s)
Sqd missions on arrival
When his withdrawal starts
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1 Incoming leader recons area
2 Incoming and outgoing leaderscoordinate
3 Exchange liaison personnel
4 Coordinate positions ofweapons and vehicles
5 Exchange range cards and fire
plans
6 Exchange relief or organic firesupport elements
7 Coordinate obstacles locations
8 Transfer responsibility forminefields
9 Coordinate routes into and outof positions
10 Coordinate vehicle guides
RELIEF IN PLACEITEM ACTION
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RELIEF IN PLACE
11 Transfer excess ammo, wirelines, POL, and other materialto incoming unit
12 Coordinate commo for one netduring relief
13 Coordinate enemy situation andintelligence
14 Coordinate sequence of relief
ITEM ACTION
15 Coordinate time of change ofresponsibility for the area
Notes:
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PATROL PLANNING STEPSSTEP ACTIONIdentify actions on objectivethen plan backward
Analyze mission in accordance
with factors of METT-T
Task organize
Organize patrol
Select personnel/wpns/equip
Coordinate
Make recon
Execute mission
Supervise/inspect/rehearse
12
9
8
2
1
3
4
5
6 Issue warning order
Issue order10
7
11
Complete detailed plans
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PATROL COORDINATIONDESCRIPTIONITEM
1 Between leader & BN staffor CO CDR
Fire support on obj & alongplanned primary/alt routes
Rehearsal areas & times
Special equipment
Departure/reentry of
friendly lines
Use/location of LZs
Attachment of soldierswith special skills/equip
Changes in friendly situation
Light/weather data
Best use of terrainfor routes, RPs, PBs
Changes/updates to enemy
situation
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PATROL COORDINATIONDESCRIPTIONITEMTransportation support
Signal plan
PL coordinate with leadersof other patrols
3
2 Coord with unit thru whichplt/sqd will conduct forward& rearward passage of lines
Notes:
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DESCRIPTIONITEM COMPLETE THE PLAN
Essential & supporting taskson objective, RPs, dangerareas, security/surveillance
locations, along routes/passagelanes
Key travel & execution timesfor movement, leader recon,
estab of security, completionof tasks on obj, movement toORP, return through friendlylines
Primary & alternate routes
Signals, including rehearsalof special signals
1
2
4
3
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DESCRIPTIONITEM COMPLETE THE PLAN
5
7
Challenge & password forwardof friendly lines (SOI notforward of FEBA)
Actions on enemy contact,including WIA/KIA, EPWs
Contingency plans
Where leader is goingWho else is going alongAmount of time leader isplanning to be goneActions to be taken if
leader does not returnActions on chance contactwhile leader is gone
6
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DEPARTURE FROMFRIENDLY LINESITEM DESCRIPTION
Coordinate with CDR of forward
unit/leaders of other patrolsSOI, plans, password, procedures,rally points, enemy information
PL provide unit ID, patrol size,departure & return times, AOFwd unit provide info on terrain,en posns/activity, ambush sites,friendly posns, OPs, obstacles& fire plan, support available
PlanningMove to initial rally pointComplete final coordinationMove to/thru passage point/singlefile
Establish security
2
1
3
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RALLY POINTSDESCRIPTIONITEM
SelectionEasy to find
Offer cover & concealmentAway from natural lines of driftDefendable for short periods
TypesInitial - inside friendly linesEn route - every 100-400 metersbased on terrain, vegetation,visibilityObjective rally point (ORP) out ofsight, sound, small arms rangeReentry rally point outside friendlyFPFNear & far side rally points -danger areas
2
1
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PATROL REPORT (DEBRIEFED)A. Patrol size and composition _____________________________________________B. Mission (type, location, purpose ofpatrol) _____________________________
____________________________________C. Time of Departure and return___________________________________________
D. Routes out and back (checkpoints,grid, overlays) _______________________
E. Decription of terrain and enemyposition ____________________________F. Results of enemy encounters ___________________________________________G. Misc information/map corrections____
____________________________________H. Condition of personnel _________________________________________________I. Conclusions/recommendations___________________________________________
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STEP ACTIONSELECTION OF A PATROL BASE
1 Pick tentative PB site from mapor aerial recon
3 Select site considering lack oftactical value to enemy, terrain,
trafficability, water4 Plan for OPs/commo with OPs
6 Provide security/alert plan,camouflage, noise/light/litterdiscipline
2 Plan for alternate site; recon and
observe until occupied or notneeded
5 Plan for defense of PB,withdrawal routes, rally andrendezvous points
7 Avoid enemy positions, built up
areas, ridges, roads/trails, slopes
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OCCUPATION OF A PATROL BASESTEP ACTION
Element ldrs recon sectors andreturn to CP
Ldr sends 2 to bring patrol fwd
5 R&S team recon fwd, move
clockwise
4 Ldr check perimeter by meetingelement leaders in turn
3 Occupation single file/camouflaged
2 Recon
1 Approach - halt patrolConduct leader recon of site
Patrol ldr designates entrypoint/CP at center of base
7 Ldr designates routes andRPs outside
8 Each element sets commo, OPs
6 R&S teams report enemy activity,OPs, RPs, withdrawal routes
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PATROL BASE ACTIVITIES
1
4
STEP ACTION
2 Alert plan & stand-to time day & nightCheck posns, OPs, rotate leaders
SecurityOne point of entry/exitNoise light litter discipline -
challenge allAiming stakes & claymores inEach sqd estab OP/dig hasty posnsSLs prep sector sketch/range cards
3 Withdrawal planSignals, order, rendezvous point
Maintenance plan for wpns, commo,
NVDs
Sanitation & personal hygiene plan
Mess plan & water resupply
Sterilize upon departure
6
7
5
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ITEM TASKS
1 Conduct with combat patrol;plan withdrawal
2 Attack /destroy posn/
installation
3 Destroy or capture enemytroops/equipment
4 Rescue friendly personnel
5 Gather Priority IntelligenceRequirements (PIR)
6 Do not become decisivelyengaged
7 Attack when least expected, inpoor visibility, from unexpecteddirection and terrain
8 Concentrate fire at critical points
9 Achieve violence by surprise,massed fire, aggressive attack
PRINCIPLES OF A RAID
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STEP ACTION
1 Patrol move to ORP for recon
2 Security element duties
Move to positions, secure ORP
Shoot only if detected or onorder; cover withdrawal ofassault and support elements
from ORP
Inform patrol leader of
changes on objective
Block avenues of approachinto/prevent escape fromobjective area- seal off area
CONDUCT A RAID
Recon & secure ORP, conductleader recon of objective
Coordinate movements ofelements to objective
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3 Support element duties
STEP ACTION
Cover withdrawal of assaultelement
Withdraw on order/signal
4 Assault element duties
Move into psn prior to assaultelement
Deploy close to objective forimmediate assault (if detected)
Seize, secure objective whensupporting fire lifts or shifts
5 Reorganize patrol 1km or 1terrain feature from ORP: report,redistribute ammo, treat
casualties, disseminate info
Withdraw on order/signal
Protect demolition/search teams
CONDUCT A RAID
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PRINCIPLES OF AN AMBUSHITEM PRINCIPLE1 Place effective fires into entire
kill zone - assign sectors
2 Use well-trained teams with
simple plan and prior recon3 Maintain security, especially
when returning to friendly psn
4 Soldier and weapon placement -priority to concealment andfields of fire
5 Clear signals to open/shift/ceasefire
6 Point ambush - enemy attacked
in single kill zone7 Area ambush - unit deploys to
2 or more related pointambushes in area
Security elements/teams onflank & rear if possible
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8 Vehicular ambush - stop lead& trail vehicles in kill zone;kill armor first
Man trap/natural boundary onfar side of kill zonePlan indirect fires to sealarea & cover withdrawalInitiate with most casualty
producing wpn - have backup
ITEM PRINCIPLE
Control soldiers/issue clearorders & signals
Pl reorganize into assaultelement, support element,security element
Use sector stakes
Move to position after EENT;plan illum
PRINCIPLES OF AN AMBUSH
9 Night ambush similar to day
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STEP ACTIONORGANIZE AN AMBUSH
Point or area? L-shaped or linear?1
5
Is kill zone isolated & deadspace covered w/mines, demo,indirect fire?
4
6
2 Are routes to & from concealed
& known to all?3 Do positions provide early
warning & effective firesonto kill zone?
Does everyone know signal(& backup) to warn of enemyapproach, initiate ambush,shift/lift, withdraw?
Does everyone know withdrawalroutes & sequence?
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STEP ACTIONORGANIZE AN AMBUSH
Are routes covered by mines orindirect fire if ambush fails?
Does everyone know what todo if ambush detected?
What is the running password?
Does everyone know teams/tasks?
Notes:
9
10
7
8
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CONDUCT AN AMBUSHSTEP ACTION
METT-T/overall situation
Ease of control/target
1 Ambush formation based on
2 Patrol halt at ORP
Establish security/confirmlocation
Recon objective to confirm plan
Return to ORP/leave R&S team
3 Security element secure ORP& flank of ambush site
4 Support/assault elements leave
ORP
When security in position
Occupy positions
Support overwatches assaultmove to ambush site
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CONDUCT AN AMBUSHSTEP ACTION
8 Withdraw to ORP foraccountability, disseminateinformation, return to friendlyposition
5 Patrol waits for target after allelements in position
6 Security team alerts patrol onenemy direction of movement,target size, special weapons/equipment
7 Patrol ldr alerts other elementsInitiates when most oftarget in kill zone
Lift/shift fire if assault into
zone required
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PLAN A RECON MISSIONSTEP ACTION1 Make estimate of the situation
Current intelligence
Capabilities of unit
Task organize to supportmission
Inspection of recon force andequipment
Ways to minimize audio andelectronic equipment
Rehearsal
Use of STANO devices
Methods to remain undetected
2 Plan
Intelligence
Use of smallest unit possible toaccomplish mission
Deceptive measures
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PLAN A RECON MISSIONSTEP ACTION
Security of forceRecon of objective
Command and control
3 Subordinate missions
Notes:
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RECON ZONEITEM METHOD
Use fan method
PL selects series of ORPs
through zone
1
Each element recons own route;
entire unit links up at end
Leader select ORP. Recon rtesthrough zone, and then a link uppoint
Use converging routes method2
After recon complete, move tonext ORP and repeat
Select recon rtes to and from ORP -overlapping rtes form fan shapedpattern around ORP. Reconelements recon adjacent rtes
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RECON AREASeparate recon and security elementsif objective restricted in area,clearly defined, with specific
avenues of approach
ITEM METHOD
After obj recon, recon element& security return to ORP anddisseminate information OR
After security in place, reconelement departs ORP to
recon objective
Security teams move on covered& concealed rtes to posns
Designate positions for securityteam
Conduct leader recon
1
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RECON AREAITEM METHODRecon objective by long rangesurveillance if possible; shortrange surveillance if required by
METT-T; avoid detection
4
Notes:
Techniques: observe/collect/record information about enemy/use binos
Well-rehearsed planCover movement w/battlefieldnoiseEstablish control measures,alternate routes, fire support
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NBC-1 REPORTLINE ITEM *CHEM/BIO
B Position of observer - (UTM coord)
C Direction of attack from observer
(Degrees) (Mils)
D Date-time group of detonation/*area attacked (DTC)
H Height of burst/*type of agent(Air) (Surface) (Unknown)
G Means of delivery (artillery,
mortar, spray, etc.)
F Location of attack/*area attacked(Actual) (Estimated)(UTM coord)
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NBC-4 REPORTLINE ITEM
H
Location of reading (UTM coord)(Air) (Liquid)
R
Q
Height of burst/*agent-type(Air) (Surface) (Unknown)
Dose rate - measure in open,1 meter above the ground
S DTG of initial reading
(cGy/hr)
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STEP ACTION
Increase MOPP level IAW intel
Set up chemical agent alarm
100-150 m out & upwind
Affix M8/M9 detector paper
Reservice/check every 24 hrs
Attach M42 to M43A1 w/wire(MAX 400M); place near PLTCP & commo
Prep overhead cover
Alert detection teams, M256 kit
Leaders check for readiness
1
3
4
5
6
2
NBC-PRIOR TO ATTACK
Cover equipment not in activeuse
7
Prevent tampering
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STEP ACTIONNBC-DURING ATTACK
Go to MOPP4
Initate detection measures:vapor M256 kit; liquid M8/M9paper; close inlet/outlet ports
of M8A1 alarm
1
2
3
4
5
STOP BREATHING, MASK &GIVE ALARMwarn subordinate & higher:
send "GAS, GAS, GAS, ANDGRID" message
leaders give order to mask& take protective action
Seek overhead cover for self,cover equipment, close up vehicle
DecontaminateM258A1/M291 on skin & equipM11/M13DAP to apply DS2
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STEP NBC-AFTER ATTACKACTION
CONTINUE THE MISSION
Decontaminate personnelw/M258A1/M291 kits;Apply DS-2 to vehicles
Maintain MOPP4 until orderedto lower level
Inform CP of extent ofcontamination-mark personnel,equipment & areas
Minimize effects on personnel/
equipment
1
2
3
4
5
Hasty decon: MOPP gearexchange, vehicle washdownw/M17LDS, M12
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STEPNBC-AFTER ATTACK
ACTION
Casualties - decon with PDK& wrapped as appropriate
6
Deliberate decon: detailedtroop (unit), equipment(decon plt)
Notes:
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STEP ACTION
1 Use all available detection
equipment (M8 & M9 paper,chemical alarms, etc.)before proceeding
Get Cdr's approval2
Employ M256 or M256A1Detector Kit
3
If no chemical agent detected,have 1-2 soldiers unmaskin shade for 5 minutes;
remask for 10 minutes
Check for symptoms; if none,others may unmask; remainalert for symptoms.
4
5
UNMASKING WITH CHEMICALAGENT DETECTOR KIT
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Get Cdr's approval
Have 1-3 soldiers hold breath& break seal of mask in shadefor 15 seconds, eyes open
Reseal, clear & check masks,wait 10 minutes
Check for symptoms; if none,break seal of mask, take 2-3breaths; repeat Step 4
If no symptoms, have soldiersunmask for 5 minutes; remaskfor 10 minutesCheck for symptoms; if none,
others may unmask; remainalert for symptoms
6
4
3
1
2
5
7
UNMASK WITHOUT CHEMICALAGENT DETECTOR KITSTEP ACTION
Use all available detectionequip (M8 & M9 paper, chemical
alarms, etc.) before proceeding
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9
9-10
9
MOPP
LEVEL
0
1
2
3
4
OVER-GARMENTS
Carried
Worn open
or closed
Worn open
or closed
Worn open
or closed
Worn closed
OVERBOOTS
carried
carried
worn
worn
worn
MASK/HOOD
carried
carried
worn
worn
worn
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STEPDETAILED TROOP DECONACTION
Equipment decon
Mask decon
Re-issue point
Mask removal (vapor controlline)
Monitor (medical/contam eval)
Remove boot & glove
Mask/hood decon & boot shuffle
Remove over garmentjacket-high jumper trousers
5
1
8
7
6
4
3
2
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STEPMOPP GEAR EXCHANGEACTION
Gear drop & decon*
Remove overgarment**jacket black side outtrousers
Decon hood & roll**
Remove overboots & stepon jackets**
*solo **buddy team assist
Remove CP gloves**
Put on overgarment*
Put on overboots*
Put on CP gloves*
Roll down & secure hood**
Secure gear*
5
6
7
9
8
4
2
3
1
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MARK CONTAMINATED AREA:RADIOLOGICAL/BIO/CHEMSTEP ACTION
1 Locate/identify contaminatedarea
2 For radiological use markerlabeled ATOM. Print informationso word "ATOM" faces towardyou & in upright psn: print doserate (centigrays/hr ); date/time(state ZULU or local) of reading& detonation. If unknownprint "UNKNOWN"
3 For biological use markerlabeled BIO; for chemical usemarker labeled GAS. Use sameprocedures as above, statingtype of agent, if known
4 Position markers so information
faces away from contaminatedarea
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MARK CONTAMINATED AREA:RADIOLOGICAL/BIO/CHEMSTEP ACTION
5 Attach markers so they can beseen from all routes through
area; ensure each is visible fromprevious marker.
6 Place ATOM markers atlocations where dose rate
measures 1 centigray/hr (cGy/hr)or more
Notes:
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PREPARE FOR NBC ATTACK/PROTECT AGAINSTELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE
STEP ACTION
1 Ensure ALL items are covered ordug in when not in use
2 Park vehicles with air ventsaway from winds; close hatches,doors, etc.
3 Protect electronic equipmentagainst EMP by disconnectingantennas & spare equipment;shield with metal
4 Use highest freq possible; neveruse commercial power. Keepcable & wire short; bury 18"
5 Use remote sets only whenrequired; use common groundfor all equipment; insulateantenna guy lines
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SUPERVISERADIATION MONITORING
1 List grid coordinates of centralpoint in area
2 Tell IM-174/AN/VDR-2 operatorto take readings from centralpoint hourly; check thatoperator uses IM-174/AN/VDR-2correctly
5 Check hourly when readingdrops below 1 cGy/hr
4 Take continuous readings if
reading is 1 or more cGy/hr;fallout warning received ornuclear burst seen; if moving toanother location
3 Have operator report readings toyou immediately; use NBC-4report
STEP ACTION
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USING A DOSIMETERSTEP ACTION1 Hold viewing end of dosimeter
up to your eye, pointing towardlight but not directly into the
sun. An IM93 must be heldparallel to the ground.
2 Point where vertical hairlinecrosses scale is total amount
of radiation received in cGy
Notes:
3 Report the number of cGyto your Cdr
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ITEM PRINCIPLE
PRINCIPLES OF FIRE SUPPORTPLANNING/COORDINATION
1 Plan early & continuously
2 Consider all available resources& means of fire support -mortars, artillery, attackhelicopters, CAS
7 Use lowest echelon possible
6 Before LD, LD to OBJ, on OBJ,beyond OBJ
4 Provide flexibility & safe fires
5 Insure continuous targeting -
likely, known & suspectedenemy locations
3 Select most effective asset
& avoid duplication-checkwith higher
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STEP DESCRIPTIONCALL FOR FIRE
STEPS 1-3 ARE REQUIRED
Observer ID & warning order:Adjust fireFire for effect (FFE)Suppress (Tgt #)Immediate suppression (Grid)
Target location methodsGrid - 6 digit grid/directionPolar - direction, distanceShift from a known point - directionto tgt, add or drop, left or right fromkp (dir always OBS to TGT)
Target description (SNAP)Size/shapeNature/nomenclature
ActivityProtection
1
2
3
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CALL FOR FIRESTEP DESCRIPTION
Method of engagementType of adjustmentsDanger close
Trajectory, AmmunitionDistribution
Method of fire & controlAt my command/Cannot observeTime on targetContinuous/coordinated illumCease loadingCheck firing/Continuous fireRepeat
Refinement & end of missionCorrect, Record, Report
battle damage assessment
5
6
4
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NAME
105MM/M102105MM/M119
155MM/M198155MM/M109155MM/M109A6
Paladin227MM/MLRS
MLRS(ATACM)
11,50014,000
18,10018,10023,500
RAP30KM
100KM
ROF -MAX/SUST
HE SMOKE ILLUM
HE WP ILLUM RED P
HE WP ILLUM
HE WP ILLUM
TYPERANGENAME
PLANNINGRANGE
10 RPM/3 RPM6 RPM/3 RPM
4 RPM/1 RPM4 RPM/1 RPM6 RPM/1 RPM
12 RDS/M
2 missiles/18sec
HE WP ILLUM
70-3500
70-479073-5600770-6840200-7200
60mm/M224
81mm/M29A181mm/M252107mm/M30120mm/M120
MORTAR/ARTILLERYCAPABILITIES
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AFV WEAPON CAPABILITIESEFFECTIVE RANGE (METERS)
7.62 .50 25 40 105/120 152 TOW/SYSTEM mm mm mm mm mm mm SHIL
HMMWVM1044 1100 1800 2200 3750
M901 ITV 1100 3750
M113 APC 1800 2200 or 3750
M2/ 3 BFV 1100 1750 AP 37503000 HE
LAV25 1100 3000
M1/M1A1 1100 1800 2800/
3990
M60A1/A3 1100 1800 1700
M551 SHER 1100 1800 2000 3000
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TARGET ACQUISITIONITEM SIGNATURE1 Soldiers - trash, damaged
vegetation, noise
2 Tracked vehicles - fuel, smoke,noise
6 Mines and obstacles - strange
material, tripwires, loose/disturbed dirt, tactical barbedwire
4 Artillery - noise, smoke, flash
5 Aircraft - noise, glare, vaportrails, dust
3 Antitank weapons - noise, wires,vapor trails, flash
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ATTACK HELICOPTERCAPABILITIES
NAME WEAPON # RANGEM
2
81
9300
37501500
AH-1(S) 170 410 2.75" FFAR
TOW20mm cannon
OH-58D KIOWA 2.75" FFAR 7-14 9300WARRIOR HELLFIRE 2-4 6000
12.7mm HMG 1 1800
AH-6 LITTLE BIRD 7.62 minigun 1 1100
2.75" FFAR 7-28 9300AH-1(G) COBRA 2.75" FFAR 4 9300
7.62 minigun 1 110040mm GL 1 2000
AH-64 140 690 2.75" FFAR 7-28HELLFIRE 1-16
30mm chaingun 1
AH-60L DIRECT ACTION 2.75" FFAR 7-28 9300 PENETRATOR HELLFIRE 1-16 60007.62 minigun 1 1100
930060002500
APACHE
COBRA
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SHELREP - MORTREP - BOMBREPARTILLERY COUNTERFIRE
Damage
Flash-to-Bang-Time
Number, type & caliber of rounds
Nature of fire
Number of guns
Coordinates of shelled areas
Time shelling ended
Time shelling started
AZ to flash or sound
Coordinates of observer
Call signA
D
I
J
K
B
C
EF
G
H
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SUPPLIES AND LOGISTICALSERVICESITEM PRINCIPLE
1 Chain of command plans forsupply status & equipment for
fighting; 1SG directs Co logservices; PSG coordinates/supervises platoon maintenancewith 1SG
2 Plt logistics includes long &short term supply/transportation/maintenance
3 PSG coordinates/supervises bygetting requests for supplies/
equipment from SLs and PLs;reviewing & consolidating,giving list to 1SG or supply sgt
4 PSG must maintain status of
supplies & equipment in plt,monitors requests, reports to PL
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1111-211
PRECOMBAT CHECKS - MECHITEM ACTION1 Complete prepare to fire
weapons checks
2 Complete preops PMCS; resolve
problems3 Load vehicles/rucks per loadplans
4 Clean/function check individual& crew served weapons
5 Top off vehicles
6 Stow basic load of Classes I & V
7 Fill canteens, water & oil cansas needed
8 Index battlesights
9 Check radio frequency andoperation if authorized.
10 Check speech securityequipment and operation ifauthorized
11 Check personnel; brief mission
12 Rehearse
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ITEM ACTIONPRECOMBAT CHECKS - LIGHT
1 Leaders inspect equipment andcamouflage
2 Packing list checked
3 Compasses, maps present
4 Communications check
5 Rations drawn
6 Weapons test fired
Notes:
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CLASSES OF SUPPLYCLASS DESCRIPTION SYMBOL
I Rations
II Expendables
III POL
IV Barrier material
V Ammunition
VI Sundry
VII Major end items
VIII Medical
IX Repair parts
X Material to supportnonmilitary programs
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ELECTRO COUNTER-COUNTERMEASURES1 To determine if you are being
jammed, disconnect antenna.If noise stops, then starts again
when antenna is reconnected,suspect jamming. If noise doesnot stop, check radio malfunction.
Use directional antenna
Turn squelch off
NEVER acknowledge jamming
Move after transmission
Relocate to mask jammingsignal with terrain
Continue to transmit onhighest power setting
2 If you are being jammed:
3 MIJI Report
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RADIO TROUBLESHOOTINGSTEP ACTION1 Check frequency setting
2 Check battery: charge-new
3 Check antenna: upright-clear
4 Check ALL connections frombattery through to antenna:clean-dry-tighten
5 Check ALL power and positionswitches
6 Replace CVC or handset
7 Check distance/position forterrain mask; move if needed
8 Check antenna top section:repair if broken-replace if lost
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SPLICING FIELD WIREITEM ACTION1 Prepare conductors for splicing:
2 Splice: Tie long conductor of 1pair to short conductor of otherin square knot. Repeat forsecond pair
Cut 6" back from one side ofeach pair so lengths areuneven
Untwist both ends of wire,remove insulation
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SPLICING FIELD WIREITEM ACTION3 Secure splices:
Separate steel strands fromcopper, cutting steel even with
insulationCross left hand end of copperstrands over top of knot; wrapover bare portion of right handconductor
Continue for two wraps; cut offexcess copper
Repeat for right hand end
Start at center of splice & wraptape to cover 1 1/2" ofinsulation at one end
Work tape back over center of
knot to cover other sideRetape back to center
4 Tape splices:
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STEP ACTIONINSTALLING COMMO LINES
1 Test field wire on reel: attachtelephone sets to ends; ifcommo check clear, install wire.
2 Installing field wire: tie to fixedobject to start & end (allowslack); tie several places atground level
3 Attach wire tags at roadcrossings, telephones & teststations, both sides of buried oraerial crossings, locations with
several lines.
4 Test wire line after buried oraerial crossings, before & aftersplicing new reel, before
connecting line to switchboard.
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CROSSING OBJECTSWITH COMMO LINESSTEP ACTION
1 Culvert: Attach wire tag on eachside of road, pass wire thru
culvert, add protective tape atends of culvert.
4 Railroad crossing: Cut enoughwire to reach across tracks, pullunder tracks & secure with
stakes along crossties. Splice towire reel; bury exposed wire.
3 Buried crossings: Dig 6-12"deep trench extending beyondeach side of road, lay wire
loosely, tag, backfill.
2 Aerial crossings: Clear roads byat least 7m, using trees or polesto raise wire. Use lance poles ifneeded.
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MESSENGER BRIEFING1. Name/location of person to receive
message.
2. Route to follow.
3. Danger points to avoid.
4. Speed required.
5. Is answer required?
6. Action if message cannot be delivered.
7. Special instructions.
8. Content (if required).
9. Report destination at OP/lines.
10. Challenge/Password.
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INSTALL/REMOVE HASTYPROTECTIVE MINEFIELDSTEP ACTION
1 Report intention/getauthorization to lay minefield
2 Recon for best sites, under unitobservation/fire, integrating withother defense plans
3 Report initiation of field; place
in irregular pattern on avenuesof approach
4 Record Field on DA 1355-1-R
5 Arm mines - from enemy side to
friendly side6 Report completion of field; warn
adjacent units
7 Retain DA 1355-1-R as long asunit/field stay in place; if field
abandoned forward to Cdr
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INSTALL/REMOVE HASTYPROTECTIVE MINEFIELDSTEP ACTION
8 Removal: if DA 1355-1-R notavailable, treat as enemy field
and use breaching techniques
9 Remove mines in order usingazimuths and distances fromDA 1355-1-R
Notes:
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DA FORM 1355-1-R
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BREACHING ANDCLEARING MINEFIELDSSTEP ACTION
1 Suppress enemy coveringobstacles
2 Obscure area with smoke
3 Secure near side
4 Reduce obstacle-blow or probe
lane through
7 Mark cleared lane
8 Move unit through obstacle
5 Secure the far side
(time permitting)
6 Blow marked mines in place
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STEP ACTIONNONELECTRIC FIRING SYSTEM
3 Cut fuse to proper length & passend thru priming adapter
2 Determine amount of explosiveneeded
1 Determine length of fuse needed
Cut & discard 6" length; cut off3' length to determine burn rate
Light fuse end and list time ittakes to burn
Compute burn rate per foot(time/burn rate)
4 Attach M60 fuse igniter:unscrew fuse holder cap, pressshipping plug into igniter, rotate& remove plug, insert fuse infuse hole, tighten cap
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NONELECTRIC FIRING SYSTEMSTEP ACTION
Notes:
Attach blasting cap to fuse5
6 Pull pin to detonate charge
Inspect open end, removedebris by tapping or shaking
gentlyHold fuse vertically withsquare end up
Slip cap down over fuse so cap
& fuse are in contactTurn cap out & away from body& crimp cap at point 1/8-1/4"from open end
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NONELECTRIC/ELECTRICPRIMING OF DEMO BLOCKNote: prime by wrapping demolitionblocks with detonating cord, by insertingknot of detonating cord into plastic
explosive, by lacing cord thru dynamite,40-pound cratering charges or shapedcharges
STEP ACTION
1 Prime with threaded cap well &priming adapter:
Electric after inspection, fastenfree ends of cap lead wire tofiring wire & pass thru adapterslot, pull cap into place, then
finish as above
Non-electric inspect cap well,insert cap with fuse into capwell, screw in adapter
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NONELECTRIC/ELECTRICPRIMING OF DEMO BLOCKSTEP ACTION
2 Prime with threaded cap wellwithout priming adapter: Non-
electric inspect cap well, wrap &tie string around block, leavingexcess, insert blasting cap withfuse into cap well - use loosestring to keep cap from
separating from block.Electric after inspection, fastenfree ends of cap wire to firingwire, pass lead wires thruadapter slot & insert electric cap
into cap well, tie lead wiresaround block, allowing slack.
3 Prime without threaded cap wellor priming adapter: Non-
electric & electric make hole withM2 crimpers, then follow step 2.
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CLEAR NONELECTRIC/ELECTRICMISFIRES
3 UNTAMPED - Without moving ordisturbing misfired charge,detonate 1-pound charge at sideTAMPED - Dig within 1 foot of mis-
fired charge; detonate a 2-poundcharge on top of misfired charge
2 ELECTRIC - If dual primed with non-
electric system, wait 30 minutes.Check firing wire connections,
make 2-3 more attempts to fire;disconnect firing wire from blastingmachine & shunt wires; check
entire system for breaks/shorts
1 NON-ELECTRIC - Wait 30 minutes
after misfire before moving tocharge
STEP ACTION
Note: If possible, misfire should becleared by soldier who placed the charge
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2 Test electric blasting cap; twist
free wire ends together
3 Move to firing point & test entire
4 Test blasting machine/depress
ELECTRIC FIRING SYSTEMSTEP ACTION
set or galvanometer; lay outfrom charges to firing position
1 Check firing wire with M51 test
circuit
handle
2 blasting machine posts &
detonate charge
5 On order, connect lead wires to
Notes:
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ITEM DESCRIPTION
3
2
1
5
6
Rigidly enforce the Rules ofEngagement devised and
disseminated by higherLeaders will take stepsnecessary & appropriate forunit's self-defense
Use minimum force necessaryto control the situation andaccomplish the mission
4 Individuals apply commonsense
Minimize risk to innocentcivilians without endangeringthe mission
Train to specific ROE
using vignettes and dilemmas
RULES OF ENGAGEMENT(ROE)
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AREA ASSESSMENT CHECKLIST
Where are refugees from?Size & area of population
What is food & water status?
1
2
8 What is the security situation?
What UN relief agencies arein operation?
7
What organization/leadershipdo most of the people support?
What civil/military organizationsexist; who are the leaders?
What is medical status?3
4
6
What civilian organizationsexist; who are the leaders?
DESCRIPTIONITEM
5
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AREA ASSESSMENT CHECKLIST
What is the size and compositionof the transient population?
What food is available and whatdoes it cost?
Which groups are most in need?
What commercial or businessactivities are there?
What skilled labor and servicesare available?
9
How many families are involved?
10
11 What civil projects would leaderslike to see accomplished?
12
13
14
15
ITEM DESCRIPTION
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CHECKPOINT/ROADBLOCKPIR CHECKLIST
1
2
TO BE REPORTEDITEM
Number & type of vehiclesstopped; markings, license
number, signs
Number of passengers pervehicle; ages, genders
Type and quality of cargo
Point of origin & destination
Stated reason for passengertravel
Any weapons found
Any passenger reportsof sightings of weapons,technical equipment or
bandits
3
4
5
6
7
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TO BE REPORTEDITEM
Condition of passengers(general health, dress, attitude)
8
Anything unusual observed/reported by passengers
9
Notes:
CHECKPOINT/ROADBLOCKPIR CHECKLIST
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1. Loading procedures ____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Bump plan (for individuals/loads) _________________________________________________________________________3. Use of safety belts __________________________________________________
4. Preflight safety inspection of troops ____________________________________5. In-flight procedures _________________________________________________6. Downed aircraft procedures _______
______________________________________________________________________7. Offloading procedures _______________________________________________
8. Movement from the LZ/AZ____________________________________________
AIRCRAFT TROOPCOMMANDER BRIEFING
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SAFETY BRIEFING CHECKLISTACTIONITEM
Never approach rotary wing air
craft from rear or front; alwaysfrom sides
Keep sleeves rolled down
Carry weapons without bayonet,safety on, bolt closed, chamberempty, muzzle DOWN
Bend or tie down radio antennasFasten seatbelts & leave buckleduntil crew chief signals exit
Maintain written manifest (unit,rank, full name, SSN) separate
from aircraft
2
3
4
5
6
8
Approach/depart in a crouch ondown slope side to ensureclearance
7
Wear ID tags, earplugs, helmets,when in/near aircraft
1
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REVERSE PLANNING SEQUENCEITEM
Landing plan
Air movement plan
Loading plan
Staging plan
Notes:
3
4
5
2
Ground tactical plan1
ACTION
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GROUND TACTICAL PLANCONSIDERATIONSCONSIDERATIONITEM
Missions of all force elementsand methods of employment
Zones of attack, sectors, orareas of operations with graphiccontrol measures
Combat service support toinclude resupply, evacuation,and plans to sustain the force
Fire support to include graphic
control measures
Location and size of reserves
Task organization to include
command relationships
1
2
3
4
5
6
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LANDING PLANCONSIDERATIONITEM
Supports ground tactical plan1
Availability, location & size of LZ2
Force is vulnerable duringlanding
3
4 Elements must land with tacticalintegrity
5 Inform all troops if landingdirection changes
7
Plan supporting fires in andaround each LZ for next lifts andon objective
Provide for resupply & medicalevacuation by air
CONSIDERATION
Force must land prepared tofight in any direction
6
Offer flexibility for options in
scheme of maneuver
8
9
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ITEM
Weather/su