48 Engineer July-September 2006

T.he most common response Army divers hear whenexplaining their profession—no matter what they aredoing or where they are in the world—is “I didn’t know

the Army had divers.” Although Army divers have been in thefight since the beginning of Operation Iraqi Freedom, thisresponse is still heard today in Iraq, Kuwait, and the rest ofthe United States Central Command (CENTCOM) area ofresponsibility. The 74th Engineer Team (Dive) and the544th Engineer Team (Dive) were deployed to serve duringthe invasion of Iraq in March 2003, and their missions primarilyconsisted of conducting river reconnaissance, mine clearance,bridge demolition, hydrographic surveys, weapons of massdestruction (WMD) searches, and personnel recovery (see“Army Diver Missions in Iraq,” Engineer, July-September 2003,page 28.) After completing five months of service, the544th was sent home, but in December 2005, was againdeployed to support Operation Iraqi Freedom. The unitconducted its relief in place (RIP)/transfer of authority (TOA)with the 511th Engineer Team (Dive). Currently, the 544th fallsunder the Coalition Forces Land Component Command(CFLCC) C-7 (engineer staff section) and Area Support Group–Kuwait (ASG–KU). Although some missions have changedover the past few years, many remain the same.

Scope of Work

T.he presence and usefulness of the Army diver ishistorically lost in the constant changing of the guardwithin CFLCC and Multinational Corps–Iraq

(MNC–I). It has become customary for the dive team com-mander to conduct briefings for the combatant commanderand high-ranking officials in Kuwait, Iraq, and Bahrain forCFLCC, MNC–I, and the United States Naval Forces CentralCommand (NAVCENT) on the Army engineer diver missionand their broad scope of work.Security Swims

One mission consisted of assisting a Navy explosiveordnance disposal (EOD) unit with antiterrorism forceprotection (ATFP) security swims at shipping ports within theCENTCOM area of responsibility. To date, the 544th hasconducted more than 30 ATFP security swims. The team workswith local officials to assist in the port security mission, whichusually involves the help of the Navy Criminal InvestigationService (NCIS) and local medical support. The major customerof the ATFP security swims is the Army watercraft team. Thewatercrafts maneuver throughout the CENTCOM area ofresponsibility, providing necessary resupply items.

Army Engineer Divers in the FightBy First Lieutenant Thomas Darrow

July-September 2006 Engineer 49

Since the watercraft team is well aware of the usefulness ofArmy divers, it takes full advantage of the other benefits thedive team has to offer. In addition to conducting hull surveysand clearing screw propellers, the 544th has cleaned the bottomof vessels maintained by the United States Army MaterielCommand (AMC). These vessels are part of the pre-positionedstock of Army watercraft maintained by AMC. The divers havealso recovered ammunition, weapon parts, and personalequipment dropped over the side of vessels while in port.

Personnel Recovery

The 544th was also called on for one of the more un-fortunate, but honorable, missions an Army diver canaccomplish: the recovery of a fallen service member. Whileplanning another mission, an inquiry was received about theusefulness of the Army diver in personnel recovery. Two dayslater, the team was sent to assist with the recovery of twomissing Marines. A troop carrier with nine Marines aboardhad flipped over in a river, and two of them had not beenrecovered. Over an 8-day period, the team diligently searcheda 20-kilometer stretch of the river extending from the crash siteto the mouth of the Euphrates River. The team located a 50-caliber machine gun, an M16 rifle, an M9 pistol, and multiple50-caliber machine gun rounds lost in the accident. In keepingwith the Army diver tradition, the team did not leave the site

until the missing personnel were recovered. Local Iraqicivilians discovered the Marines 70 kilometers downstreamfrom the accident site and turned the bodies over to coalitionforces.Reconnaissance

After returning from that mission, the team was requestedfor a reconnaissance mission on a flooded basement that wasscheduled for renovation. The basement had been myster-iously flooded since 2003, and no one knew why. British forcesrequested outside diving support for the dive team. Due tothe uncertainty of the building’s condition, the 544th deployedits remotely operated vehicle and viewed the basement fromthe safety of the building’s driest floor.

During the mission, the 544th was needed for the emergencyrecovery of a downed Hunter unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).For unknown reasons, the UAV plummeted into a small lake,and its recovery was necessary to investigate the cause of thevehicle’s malfunction. A four-man team successfully recoveredall the parts of the UAV. With the deployment of the four-manteam, the detachment spread out and worked on separate tasks.Army engineer dive teams are designed by their very natureto be separately employed autonomously of each other, a featthe 544th has successfully accomplished several times sincebeing deployed to Iraq.

Opposite page: Members of the 544th Engineer Team (Dive) recover a 50-caliber machine gun that wasfound during a search for missing personnel.Above: A Soldier conducts a welding operation on a metal ramp.

50 Engineer July-September 2006

SalvageDuring the recovery mission, a request was received to

conduct a reconnaissance and salvage of an Iraqi float bridge.The team focused on this task after completing the recoverymission. Destroyed by coalition forces, the bridge needed tobe removed from the water so locals could cross the river insmall boats as part of their everyday lives. The team decidedto send two separate elements. The first team conducted areconnaissance of the project site, and the second teambrought additional equipment and personnel needed tocomplete the task. After the first team arrived, it was redirectedto conduct a personnel recovery from a helicopter crashelsewhere. The team quickly moved to the crash site, deployedside scan sonar equipment to locate the helicopter, and thenconducted diving operations around the clock until theyrecovered the remains of the two helicopter pilots. The otherteam members sent additional manpower and equipment tohelp recover the helicopter. After the successful completionof the mission, the team proceeded to work on the recon-naissance and salvage of the Iraqi float bridge.Other Missions

In addition, the 544th has worked in Kuwait to accomplishother valuable missions. The team conducted an inspectionand repair mission of a security system on an oil platform.Future missions at oil platforms have already been developedfor later in the year to increase security and improve the qualityof life for the Sailors stationed there.

Other missions included joint work with and for the Kuwaitnavy. The dive team spent 30 days conducting underwatercutting operations on two old Iraqi tugboats that the Kuwaiti

navy used for target practice. In order to scrapthe tugs, the propulsion system needed tobe cut off the bottom of each of the tugboats.Once the team cut the propulsion system,using their underwater cutting equipment, thetugboats were beached and scrapped. Theyalso welded a ramp extension together so aKuwaiti unit could board its vehicles onArmy watercraft to conduct a mission. TheKuwaiti vehicles did not have enoughclearance and needed a little lift to preventdamage.

Diver Qualification Process

I.n spite of such a busy schedule, the teammanaged to squeeze in a deep divingexercise the first week in March that

allowed them to qualify some of its newlydubbed First Class Divers. After promotionto staff sergeant, a diver attends First ClassDiver School in Panama City Beach, Florida,at the Naval Diving and Salvage TrainingCenter (NDSTC). After completing the course,the First Class Diver undergoes an extremely

intense qualification process to earn the title of being a qualifieddiving supervisor and capable of operating on his own. Thesequalifications and corresponding acquired skills are thebackbone of the Army diving community. Becomingqualified allows diving supervisors to be deployed in-dependently to any location in the world to conduct divingoperations. As an example of the skill and competence ofthese staff sergeants, the majority of these missions werecompleted or supervised by staff sergeants operatingindependently.

No Job Too Large

T.he Army diving community is small, and the currentpresence in-theater is even smaller, but as Armyengineer divers of the past have shown, and as the

544th continues to demonstrate during its current deployment,no job is too large. Eventually, the combatant commander willno longer be surprised that Army divers exist, but rather beaware of the benefits they offer and seek out those skills.

First Lieutenant Darrow is assigned to Third Army, AreaSupport Group–Kuwait, while deployed in support ofOperation Iraqi Freedom. He was previously assigned to 7thTransportation Group (Composite), 6th TransportationBattalion, United States Army Dive Company (Provisional),Fort Eustis, Virginia. He is a graduate of the Engineer OfficerBasic Course, the Diver Course Phase 1, the Sapper LeaderCourse, the Diving Basic Officer Course, and the SalvageOfficer Course. He holds a bachelor’s in business managementfrom Providence College, Providence, Rhode Island.

A diver prepares to cut a rudder on a tugboat.