Armenia 2013 Media Public Opinion and Preference Survey

Alternative Recourses In Media Project (implemented by a consortium of Internews, YPC, EPF)

Caucasus Research Resource Centers-ARMENIA crrc@crrc.am

November, 2013 Yerevan

Outline 1. Traditional Media • General Overview (TV, Radio, Newspapers) • Concerns • Opportunities 2. Alternative/online Media • General overview (Internet usage and access,

Social networking) • Concerns • A look forward

Survey parameters • Sampling frame: 2013 comprehensive list of electricity

users • Sample size: 1403 households • Sampling approach: multistage cauterized random

sampling of households • Area coverage: Yerevan, other urban and rural areas

in all marzes of RA (proportionate-to-population) • Respondent sampling criteria: The upcoming birthday

method among adults (16+) within the household • Margin of error: ± 2.5%, with a 95% confidence

interval • Field work period: May-June 2013 • Interview method: face to face interviews

Implementing team • Sona Balasanyan: - Questionnaire review and study

implementation coordinator, PPT file developer; • Ruben Yeganyan - questionnaire adviser and

fieldwork plan developer, • CRRC-Armenian all staff including junior fellows

• 49 supervisors and interviewers CRRC-Armenia team acknowledges generous advice

by Manana Aslamazyan, Gevorg Ter-Gabrielyan, Boris Navasardian and many others from EPF, MIC and YPC

79

17

2

1

1

90

6

0.5

2

1

TV

Internet

Neighbors, friends and relatives

Radio

Newspapers

QA1. The most important source of information on current events and news (%)

2013 2011

Traditional Media| General Overview: availability, usage, trust,

content

97

88

64

32

27

26

20

15

2

0.2

TV set

Radio in the car

Satellite TV antenna/Cable TV

Internet connection

Mobile phone

Radio

Videotape recorder/DVD player

Computer

All

None

QE6. Household working appliance

ownership (% of total by item, 2011)

98

58

42

27

25

18

6

5

4

0.2

TV set

DVD device

Desktop computer

Digital photo/video

Notebook

Cable TV device

Netbook

Game device

Planshet

None

QE1. Which of the following do you have at home? (% of total, by item, the

list updated, 2013)

82

16

0.4 1

76

23

0.6 0.3

Watched only TV Watched TV and listened toRadio

Listened to radio only Didn't watch TV and didn'tlisten to radio

QB1. During the last 12 months, have you watched TV or listened to the radio? (%)

2013 2011

2

4

8

19

31

31

5

9

11

13

23

25

16

2

12 hours and more

9-12 hours

7-9 hours

5-7 hours

3-5 hours

1-3 hours

Less than 1 hour

QB2. The average time spent for watching TV per day (%)

2013 2011

99

96

96

91

93

86

75

75

66

57

57

56

56

55

55

55

28

22

9

71

76

77

34

29

29

16

28

8

11

21

4

4

10

8

11

12

16

4

H1

Armenia TV

Shant TV

H2

Kentron TV

Rossia/RTR/RTR planeta

Yerkir Media

Russian 1st/ORT

Shoghakat TV

ATV

Armnews

Yerevan TV

AR

Dar21

Laym

Kultura

Local TV

Cabel TV channels

Other

QB4. Availability of TV channels and the frequency of watching on every day bases (%)

Access Frequency of watching

83

43

42

24

19

8

7

3

10

22

21

7

9

5

6

7

3

9

5

3

4

2

3

7

6

4

1

2

3

4

7

3

21

28

63

64

79

78

74

2

2

3

2

2

Armenian TV channels

Russian TV channels

International TV channels

Radio

Newspapers/weekly newspapers

Online media

Social networks

Neighbors, friends and relatives

QA2. How often do you use these sources to get information about current events and news? (%), 2013

Every day Several times a week Once a week Once or twice per month Never Don't know

14

10

9

8

7

4

4

4

3

39

47

31

28

51

22

20

19

21

16

20

11

12

26

15

13

15

19

14

10

7

9

13

10

12

13

13

17

14

41

43

3

48

51

50

44

Neighbors, friends andrelatives

Local TV channels

Online media

Social networks

National TV channels

National radio stations

Local radio stations

Local newspapers

National newspapers

QA6. The level of trust towards each of the sources ( %, 2013)

Trust very much Somewhat trust Don’t trust Don’t trust at all Don't know

11

9

8

7

6

5

5

5

5

40

46

47

26

26

30

32

32

28

24

24

30

12

13

22

21

25

20

14

12

13

7

9

12

11

13

12

10

9

2

48

46

31

31

25

35

Local TV channels

Neighbours, friends, relatives

National TV channels

Online publications

Social networking sites

Local newspapers

National radio stations

National newspapers

Local radio stations

QA6. The level of trust toward each of the sources (2011)

Trust very much Somewhat trust Don't trust Don't trust at all DK

84

81

79

77

75

74

71

60

8

9

10

15

11

16

14

30

8

10

11

8

14

10

15

11

TV should be regulated in providing sexual life related “open” information/programs

TV channels should provide news and ideas based onnational benefit, security

TV should be regulated in providing religious campaignrelated information/programs

TV channels should have the right to broadcast news andideas without government control

TV channels should have the right to broadcast news andideas without business representatives control

The government should have the right to prevent TVchannels from broadcasting news that it thinks will be

destabilizing

The society, citizens should have leverage tocontrol/criticize/reform the news and ideas provided by

TVs

TV channels should be totally free

QB10. Do you agree or disagree? (NEW, % of total for each statement)

Agree Disagree Don't know

QB8. TV programs watched (multiple choice, % of total by item, the list for 2013 was updated and edited)

TV programs 2013 2011

News 65 69

Soap Operas 35 37

Music 34 40

Humor programs 26 NA

Films 25 42

Sports 16 23

Political debates 14 14

Informative programs 13 18

Interviews with guests 11 NA

Talk shows 8 NA

Documentaries or special broadcasting 7 NA

Publicist programs 4 NA

Popular scientific programs 4 NA

Programs on showbussiness stars 3 NA

Interactive programs 3 3

Games, quizzes 3 NA

Entertainments programs NA 17

Analysis of current political events NA 6

Religious programs 1 2

Reality shows 1 NA

Other 1 2

The situation has not changed drastically. Music is still the most listened. The share for the interview listeners has increased by 7 %.

80

53

18

10

2

79

51

117

3

Music News Interviews Quiz Other

QB15. What do you like to listen to the most on the radio? (% of the

listeners, multiple choice, N2013=225, N2011=327) 2013 2011

54

23 21

77

7

16

Only hard copy Only online computer version Both hard copy and online version

QD2. In which form do you usually read newspapers? (% of the readers,

N2013=399, N2011=485)

2013 2011

16

57 57

28

9

29

53

33

Primary/No primary/Incomplete

secondary

Complete secondary/technical

Complete/incomplete higher/PHD

Total

QD1. Do you read newspapers? By education (% of newspaper readers,

N2013=399, N2011=485)

2013 2011

54

23 21

1 1

Only hard copy Only online computerversion

Both hard copy andonline version

Only onlinesmartphone version

Only online tabletversion

QD2. In which form do you usually read newspapers? (% of the readers,

N2013=399, new answer choices added)

Major concern on Media

54

49

6

6

5

5

5

3

31

33

31

30

27

26

45

21

6

8

26

26

27

24

28

31

7

8

20

32

34

34

16

37

2

3

16

4

5

8

5

7

2

2

2

Army

Church

Non governmentalorganizations

Executive power(president, government)

Legislative power(national assembly)

Judicial power/courts

Mass media

Political parties

QA19. How much do you trust each of these institutions? (new answer choices added, 2013)

Trust very much Somewhat trust Don’t trust Don’t trust at all Don't know Refused

5

5.4

8.9

9.3

24.4

23.5

35.4

28.1

20.8

18.9

33.6

16.5

12.1

10.7

13.9

9.8

37.7

41.4

8.2

36.3

Newspapers

Radios

TV

Online media

QA4. How much do you agree that media covers news and events objectively? (%)

Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Don't know

20

13

5

5.1

6.9

7.9

24.8

25.5

19.8

36.9

20.5

24.3

13.9

31.9

13

13.8

7.6

16.6

36.7

31.2

51.7

6.6

Radios

Newspapers

Online media

TV

20

11

15

9

8

9

14

9

7

8

44

39

39

40

41

40

37

39

26

37

33

32

29

34

35

32

15

15

19

18

16

18

20

20

Online media

TV

Newspapers

Radios

Online media

TV

Newspapers

Radios

20

13

20

11

QA4. How much do you agree that media covers news and events objectively? (%, excluded DK/RA)

Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree

62

7

8

4

6

0.5

1

11

1

65

8

6

4

2

1

5

10

1

Political affiliation

Cencorship

Business affiliation

Financial limitations

Low professionalism of journalists

Self-censorship

Other

DK

RF

QA5. Main reason for non-objective coverage

(N2013=635, N2011=728)

2013 2011

12

3

3

2

2

1

2

40

12

3

2

2

2

1

2

41

Kentron TV/Gagik Tsarukyan

Yerkir Media TV/Armenian Revolutionary Federation

Armenia TV/Bagrat Sargsyan

Shant/Arthur Yerznkyan

Ar TV

Armenian national channel/Armen Amiryan

Refused

Don't know

QA9. Are you informed who are the media owners in particular?/Specify the media name and type (number of cases)

Media name and type specified The owner specified

11

11

6

6

3

3

3

3

25

24

31

30

18

18

20

18

16

15

26

24

20

17

20

17

13

13

28

24

21

24

23

24

35

36

10

16

37

38

34

37

Online media

Social networks

National TV channels

Local TV channels

National radio stations

Local radio stations

National newspapers

Local newspapers

A lot Some Not much Not at all Don't know

QA7. The independence of media from government and business control in Armenia (2013)

Alternative media: General overview

90

67

80

57

81

41

59

33

41

1816

6

51

31

10

31

21

43

19

57

41

66

59

8183

90

49

68

3 20.2 1 1

40.2 1

2013 2011 2013 2011 2013 2011 2013 2011 2013 2011 2013 2011 2013 2011

16-20 21-25 26-30 31-45 46-60 60+ Total

QE2. Have you used the Internet in the last 12 months? (by age)

Yes No Don't know

64

44

50

34

38

14

36

56

50

65

61

83

1

1

3

2013

2011

2013

2011

2013

2011

Yere

van

Oth

er

urb

anR

ura

lQE2. Have you used the Internet in the last 12 months?

(by settlement type)

Yes No Don't know what the Internet is

70 77

63

13 20

26

18

4 11

0.4

Yerevan Other Urban Rural

QE4. Internet access primary device, 2011

Computer Mobile phone Both Other

61 62 58

36 33

28

1 0.2 3 2 4

12

Yerevan Other urban Rural

QE9. Internet access primary device, 2013

Desktop computer Laptop/notebook/netbook Tablet Phone

90

3

3

0.2

0.6

2

65

14

13

3

1

5

At home

At workplace

Anywhere from my mobile phone

At Internet café

At university/school

Other

QE7. Places the Internet is most frequently used (% of users, N2013=656,

N2011=422)

2013 2011

29

24

17

11

6

8

4

1

1

33

20

11

10

8

8

7

1

0.3

Limited or no access to a computer/mobile phone

Age reasons/seniors

No interest

Not enough time

Internet or computer too difficult to use

No need/not useful

High prices for the Internet

Other

DK

The reason for not using the Internet (% of cases, QE48, N=749, 2013; QE37, N=976, 2011)

2013 2011

9

24

33

23

10

1

13

35 34

12

4

2

Up to 30 minutes From 30 minutes-1hour

2-3 hours 4-6 hours 7-12 hours 12 hours and more

How many hours daily on an average do you spend using the Internet?

(QE4, N2013=655, QE6, N2011=383)

2011 2013

90

41

31

3

54

13

54

31

3

36

88

26

36

5

32

26

34

18

2

28

Communicate with friends

Post photos, videos, music

Keep in touch with old friends from school or university

Satisfy freedom of expression and desire for information

Get information

Meet new people and be entertained

Messaging

Share information

Take quizzes

Play games

Activities performed in social networking sites (QE28, N2013=458, QE21,

N2011=894, multiple choices)

2013 2011

65

33

1 1 0.3 0.2

Odnoklassniki Facebook Moy Mir MySpace Twitter Other

QE26. Mostly used social networking sites (% among social networking site users, N2013=458, the list was updated)

81

12 2 4 1 1

Odnoklassniki Facebook Moy Mir Other DK Refuse

QE19. Mostly used social networking sites

(% among social networking site users, N2011=298)

Odnoklassniki Facebook Moy Mir Other DK Refuse

13

2 6

78

Yes, both Yes, only political Yes, only social No

QE30. Do you use social networking sites to share political or social news?

(%) (N2013=459)

Yes, both Yes, only political Yes, only social No

7 9

84

Yes, both Yes, only social No

QE23. Do you use social networking sites to share political or social news?

(%) (N2011=300)

34

59

10

2

62

33

74

No Watch videos Upload videos Share videos

Do you watch, upload or share videos on the Internet? (QE39, N2013=656,

QE29, N2011=442)

2013 2011

81

63

51

14 13

23

14

4

79

53

47

1410 9

4 3

Music Fun videos Films Sports Political content videos

News programs

Social content videos

Other

Videos watched on the sites (QE41, N2013=424, QE31, N2011=342, multiple

choice)

2013 2011

63

20132011

Have you ever made a political or social comment and posted online ?

(QE42, N2013=424, QE32, N2011=422, share of "yes"s)

70

20

8

30.2

64

26

7

20.1

Don't use blogs Don't know what blog is Read blogs Both read and write blogs Write blogs

Do you read or write blogs? (QE34, N2013=656, QE27, N2011=421)

2013 2011

27

19 19

27

7

1

1920

24

32

32

Not at all concerned

Somewhat concerned

Concerned Very concerned DK Refused

Concerns about the privacy on the Internet (QE46, N2013=656, QE36,

N2011=421)

2013 2011

37

19

17

15

8

2

0.3

2

Timeless/timesaving

Convenient to access

Free of charge

Available diversity of sources

The urgency/operativeness

The freedom of speech, theabsence of censorship

Environmentally friendly

Don't know

QE19. The best advantage of online

media (N2013=318)

25

25

24

16

0.8

7

2

Timeless/timesaving

Convenient toaccess

Available diversityof sources

Free of charge

Environmentallyfriendly

Other

DK

QE12. The best advantage of

online media(N2011=173)

What topics do you prefer to read in online newspapers/media?

(% in total of online newspapers/news readers, QE20, 318 respondents in 2013; QE13, 175 in

2011; multiple-response question)

Topics preferred 2013 2011

Politics 64 56

Society 49 33

Art/culture/literature 47 43

Sport 26 38

Fashion 28 35

Economics/Business news 18 23

Science/Technology 29 31

Celebrity news 42 41

Jobs/announcement 9 23

Other 3 5

Thank you