arja hamari department of finnish, finno-ugrian and scandinavian studies
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The abessive case of the Permic languages The 14 th International Morphology Meeting May 13-16 Budapest, Hungary. Arja Hamari Department of Finnish, Finno-Ugrian and Scandinavian Studies University of Helsinki, Finland. Study material:. Komi: - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The abessive case of the Permic languages
The 14th International Morphology MeetingMay 13-16
Budapest, Hungary
Arja HamariDepartment of Finnish,
Finno-Ugrian and Scandinavian Studies
University of Helsinki, Finland
Study material:
• Komi:– Komi mu (Oct. 1st, 2008 - Sept. 30th, 2009)– Vojvyv kodzuv (1/1997 - 5/1997)
• Udmurt:– Udmurt duńńe (Jan. 1st - Dec. 31st 2007)
Janhunen (1982: 31):
"[--] Other suffixes in PU could also have had case-like uses: it is difficult to distinguish a case ending from certain types of derivative morphemes. For instance, a caritive in *-ktå/-ktä (used as a case form in Finnic) existed in PU, but whether it was a case form or a derivational formation remains unclear."
Itkonen (1992: 223):
In Finno-Permic languages:
• *Cta ~ *Ctä + nominal ending *ma ~ *mä> the successors usually adnominal (e.g. Komi -töm ~ Udmurt -tem)
• *Cta ~ *Ctä + lative case ending *k> the successors usually adverbial(e.g. Komi -tög ~ Udmurt -teg)
The abessive case in nouns
• the affirmative equivalents in Komi:– the instrumental case in -ön:
karandaš-ön'with a pencil'karandaš-tög 'without a pencil'
– the comitative case in -köd:
Tol'a-köd 'with Tol'a'Tol'a-tög 'without Tol'a'
The abessive case in nouns
• the affirmative equivalents in Udmurt– the instrumental case in -(j)en:
karandaš-en 'with a pencil'karandaš-tek 'without a pencil'
Ondi-jen 'with Ondi'Ondi-tek 'without Ondi'
The abessive case in nounsThe possessive declension (Bartens 2000: 110-112):
• Komi gort 'home'sg.1. gort-öj-tögpl.1. gort-tög-nymsg.2. gort-tög-yd pl.2. gort-tög-nydsg.3. gort-tög-ys pl.3. gort-tög-nys
• Udmurt gurt 'village'sg.1. gurt-e-tek pl.1. gurt-my-teksg.2. gurt-ed-tek pl.2. gurt-ty-teksg.3. gurt-ez-tekpl.3. gurt-sy-tek
The abessive case in nouns
• morphological characteristics:– in both languages: can be attached to common
nouns, proper nouns, pronouns
– furthermore, in Udmurt:• can be attached to the adverb kema 'for a long time'• can be attached to the negative indefinite pronoun
nomyr 'nothing'
The abessive case in nouns
The abessive case in nouns
• Syntactic characteristics:– in both languages: the case forms function as
adverbials– in the Udora dialect of Komi: the case forms
function both as adverbials and as attributes
Examples:
Examples:
The abessive case in nouns
• in both languages: modifiers to the abessive forms– adjective– possessor in nominative or in genitive– negative indefinite pronoun– participle
Examples:
The abessive case in verbs• the suffix is attached straight into the verbal stem in both
languages
• the affirmative equivalents in Komi:– the affirmative gerund in -ig- and -ömön
voślavny śylig 'to stride singing' ~ voślavny śylömön 'to stride singing'><voślavny śyvtög 'to stride without singing'
The abessive case in verbs
• the affirmative equivalents in Udmurt:– the affirmative gerund in -sa
uža-sa 'working; by working'><uža-tek 'without working'
The abessive case in verbs
• Syntactic characteristics of the negative gerunds– free adverbials– complements to verbs meaning 'be', 'leave', 'stay'– attributes for deverbal nouns
Examples:
Examples:
Examples:
The changes of the case system in Proto-Permian
• Baker (1985: 137-153):– phonological processes– secretion– semantic shifts– adaptation of nonflectional elements– case-compounding
• was anything preserved from the older system?– the abessive case
What was the reason for the preservation of the suffix-final consonant of the abessive?
• Uotila (1933: 132) and, accordingly, Baker (1985: 137):– the postposing of the possessive suffix with respect
to abessive case ending in the possessive declension
• cf. modern Komi: gort-tög-yd home-ABE-POSS.2SG'without your home'
What was the reason for the preservation of the suffix-final consonant of the abessive?
What was the reason for the preservation of the suffix-final consonant of the abessive?
• Cypanov (1997: 161-162):
– the structural similarity of the Komi abessive suffix in -tög and the derivational caritive suffix in -töm
– the deletion of the suffix-final consonants would have led to the merger of the suffixes
What was the reason for the preservation of the functions of the abessive case?
• haphazard?• the character of the case ending as an
element of negation?– Givón (1979: 121-122): diachronic conservatism of
negation as opposed to affirmation– cf. the negative participles of Komi and Udmurt
Bibliography• BAKER, ROBIN 1985: The Development of the Komi Case System. A Dialectological Investigation. Mémoires de la
Société Finno-Ougrienne 189. Helsinki.• BARTENS, RAIJA 2000: Permiläisten kielten rakenne ja kehitys. Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne 238. Helsinki.• CSEPREGI, MÁRTA 2001: Abessiivi, karitiivi – suffiksi yli sanaluokkarajojen. Congressus Nonus Internationalis Fenno-
Ugristarum 7.–13.8.2000. Pars IV. Tartu.• CYPANOV 1997 = Цыпанов, Е. А.: Причастие в коми языке: истори, ясемантика, дистрибуция. Екатеринбург.• GIVÓN, TALMY 1979: On Understanding Grammar. Perspectives in Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics. New York.• ITKONEN, TERHO 1992: Ugrilaisten kielten karitiivista. In: Pál Deréky et al. (eds.): Festshcrift für Károly Rédei zum 60.
Geburtstag. Wien – Budapest.• JANHUNEN JUHA 1982: On the structure of Proto-Uralic. Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen XLIV. Helsinki.• KORHONEN, MIKKO 1981: Johdatus lapin kielen historiaan. Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seuran toimituksia 370.
Helsinki.• KEL'MAKOV, VALENTIN – HÄNNIKÄINEN, SARA 2008: Udmurtin kielioppia ja harjoituksia. Hilfsmittel für das Studium
der finnisch-ugrischen Sprachen XIV. Helsinki.• Sorvacheva – Beznosikova 1990 = Сосвачева, В. А. – Безносикова, Л. М. 1990: Удорский диалект коми языка.
Москва. • UOTILA, T. E. 1933: Zur Geschichte des Konsonantismus in den permischen Sprachen. Mémoires de la Société Finno-
Ougrienne 65. Helsinki.