aristotle for aristocrats and poets - giles of rome's de regimine principum as theodicy of privilege

7/28/2019 Aristotle for Aristocrats and Poets - Giles of Rome's de Regimine Principum as Theodicy of Privilege

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Aristotle for Aristocrats and Poets: Giles of Rome's De regimine

principum as Theodicy of Privilege

Stephen H. Rigby

The Chaucer Review, Volume 46, Number 3, 2012, pp. 259-313 (Article)

Published by Penn State University Press

DOI: 10.1353/cr.2011.0033

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the chaucer review, vol. 46, no. 3, 2012.

Cpyg 2012 T Psy S Usy, Usy Pk, PA.

Aristotle for Aristocrats and Poets: Giles

of Romes De regimine principum asTheodicy of Privilege

stephen h. rigby

I

I s mmp y sm y ks md

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m. R, s J Cm p , y ks pd m

s, x, d, my, sp ds m s p-

, by s m b f s d py

d my p. C dd y

Mdd Ags s mpy dsdg , p-, d s y pdd Ass Ethics, Rhetoric, d Politics, g

d Psd-As xs s s Economics d

Secretum Secretorum. Ts ks d dy Egd d

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szd, my Ass ky d p ds , , m

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s s s S, C, Mbs, Ls, d Bs.

AssI g s I bd m d My Bg, C Fy, PF, Gg, d Es Ppzz. T mms Dd Ms d RsdB-G, b d p d, py p s sggs-s md by yms s.

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. Bd G. Dd, Ass s, Nm Kzm, Ay Ky, d J

Pbg, ds., Te Cambridge History o Later Medieval Philosophy(Cmbdg, U.K., 1982), 4579


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The Chaucer Review260

xs sy sdd ss d d pp,

y, d psp sds. Hs ks qd mp mms

m psps d gs, dg Rhetoric by Gs Rm, sms d dsss q J

Gs Conessio Amantis. T gms d Ass ks

s dssmd questiones sd sy dsp, s s

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d by mpd ky ds d sygs, s bs

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py m Aqs. Ts, s md Egd dd s

C-spd pgm s (d mmy) Psps ks s b d mpy F,

Egs s ss qd s ks s-

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ss Oxd d Cmbdg ss s s W By

mms s g d s m pspy, g,

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tics. F Rd By, bsp Dm (d. 1345), -s As

( d s Cambridge History); Fs Ad d Ppp Cm, Ls sds mms d p: d pq , Mq O d N Ps,ds., Pratiques de la culture crite en France au XV sicle (L--N, 1995), 193204, 194; d Cy J. Ndm, Medieval Aristotelianism and Its Limits: Classical raditions in Moraland Political Philosophy, 12th15th Centuries (Ads, 1997), I.5973, II.179193, III.9193, XI.3,XIII.6971, XIII.7677.

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F, T Fy As, d Jms A. Wsp, S T Cy, Jmy C, d., Te History o the University o Oxord, Volume I: Te Early Oxord Schools (Oxd, 1984), 36999, 385, d 43569, 461, spy ; J M. F, Dpms Fy As, 13701520, Jmy C d Rp Es, ds., Te History o the Universityo Oxord, Volume II: Later Medieval Oxord(Oxd, 1992), 31545, 32324; C R. Sm,


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stephen h. rigby 261

s Pbs psps, -psp , x

s s, d b d by Gd y gs

, s pg, s dsdg s ssy p d mp.Cs ps s s J Bmyd, Rd Fzp, Rb Ryp,

d Tms Wmbd s py ppy pp sdm

As sms, y kd y s ps-

py b s s m d s gs.

I dy ds syg Ass y s s -

Mdd Egs ps. Rsss C-x Piers

Plowman my bd As d Sm b

, b dmd ds ss d

gd d ss yms, s Lgds Hy C sppy pp y As d P spp

Cs g py s p s. Cy,

Ass y s b s s s s s s

Gawain p, s Tms Hs Regiment o Princes msy d

C ms s psp/ As g.

Nss, Cs d Ck General Prologue s sd

spd y bks Ass pspy bsd s

bd (I 29396), x md ps d s s s C, m Wp Wb dsbs s pb-

by ms d md Egs ps dy qd

Ls ms mss ds pgmm d d d Cs V: mp ds xs ss, O d Ps, ds., Pratiques de la culture, 52737; J-Ppp G,L pq Ag XIV s: s ds, s pb, Jg Mk,d., Das Publikum politischer Teorie in 14. Jahrhundert (M, 1995), 26991, 272; J-Ppp G, Esss d P Ty L Md Egd: Ed Mpy, B Dbs, d., Te Church, Politics and Patronage in the Fifeenth

Century(Gs, U.K., 1984), 2344, 33; N Osm, Le Livre de Ethiques dAristote, d.A. D. M (N Yk, 1940); N Osm, Le Livre de Politiques dAristote, d. A. D. M, ransactions o the American Philosophical Society, .s. 60/6 (1970); d N Osm, LeLivre de Yconomique dAristote, d. A. D. M, ransactions o the American PhilosophicalSociety, .s. 47/5 (1957).

. Es C. Tms, d., Te Philobiblon o Richard de Bury (Ld, 1888), 36, 40, 103, 127,15960, 186; Gd R. Os, Literature and Pulpit in Medieval England, 2d d. (Oxd, 1961),431, 18184, 19698; A J. F, Preaching, Politics and Poetry in Late-Medieval England(Db, 1998), 95, 180, 26263; d I K. Kg, d., Wimbledons Sermon: Redde RationemVillicationis ue: A Middle English Sermon o the Fourteenth Century (Psbg, 1967), 81 (s31517). O Osm, s C R. Sm, Imaging Aristotle: Verbal and Visual Representation inFourteenth-Century France (Bky, 1995).

. Wm Lgd, Piers Plowman: Te C-ext, d. Dk Ps (Ex, 1994), C.11.21724,C.12.17275. S s Tms P. Dg, Lgd S H,Medium vum 12(1943): 4554.

. Tms H, Te Regiment o Princes, d. Cs R. By (Kmz, 1999), 100 (s207890).


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6/56


md ds s De ecclesiastica potestate (1302),

gsy ddd pp ps B VIIIs

Pp IV, y y sx sg md msps s k mpd d 350 ps De regimine principum.

Idd, b Ppp d Mzs d J Gs mmdd Gss

x s s y s py by gsd

ks As d Bs. As As Ms ps , Gss

k s As ss g, by, As

sd m Gss s dg m d ys b

gzb Psp ms.

M spy, Gss m ps s -k x

md Egd s y s b dsbd s ppg ks As ms. T sxy sg msps

x Egs g p m p-Rm pd,

d k s g s ppy pd C

s g. Gss s s sdd Oxd d Cmbdg d s

pssssd by ms bs, dg Wsms Abby,

s dd mps ms gsd ps pg ds

xs m Ethics d Politics. H, s d s -

d sy ss s. Cps s d d s by mmbs y my d by

mgs d gy d bd p gsd ms

ps bks d kgd, Vgss De re militari

bg py pp sg Egs msps.

I s s m x Gesta Henrici Quinti

. Bggs, Giles o Romes De regimine principum, 2021, 15051; Ky, Lempire du roi,179, 187; d Gs Rm, On Ecclesiastical Government: A Medieval Teory o World Govern-

ment, d. Rb W. Dys (N Yk, 2004), xxxxxx.. Ppp d Mzs, Le Songe du Vieil Pelerin, d. Gg W. Cpd, 2 s. (Cm-

bdg, U.K., 1969), 2:222 (s 229); d J Gs, x d dds ppd dp Ls, s d Cs VI, 1408 1410, A. Tms, d., Jean de Gerson etlducation des dauphins de France (Ps, 1930), 4850.

. As Ms, Fallible Authors: Chaucers Pardoner and Wie o Bath (Pdp,2008), 320; Rb Lmb, T P M Pspy. Ab Us As Gs Rms De regimine principum, B. Cs Bz, Edd Adj, dLd G. Sb, ds., Moral and Political Philosophies in the Middle Ages (N Yk, 1995),152234.

. G, L pq, 272; P A. Os, T Parlement o Foules: AssPolitics d Fds Hm Sy, Studies in the Age o Chaucer2 (1980): 5369,

5556; d Lsmb, T Es d Ps, 349.. Cs F. Bggs, Msps Gs Rms De regimine principum Egd,

13001500: A Hds, Scriptorium 47 (1993): 6073; d Bggs, Giles o Romes De regimineprincipum, 1416, 21.


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d my s sg H. J Ws gs s s

dsb Egs p y s pd s bg (k md F) msy Egd s ssmps.

As k dd, , d p

Mdd Ags, Gss De regimine principum by d -

s ss sg s L g, py

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ss s, ms, d ps ( s dd bk

De regimine principum) . Adgy, g

s gy mpsd L, Gss s s ppd mb

Ep ggs dg sm bdgd F s

pdd by H d Gy d 1282, d md

Egd gsd g L x. Gss De regimine principum s

s sd Mdd Egs d y byJ s. ss s s m g L

x s d Gys F s (p m s s ps-

sgs L msp m s kg sms

. D W. Rbs, Chaucers London (N Yk, 1968), 197, 200, 202, 207, 208;Bggs, Giles o Romes De regimine principum, 4451, 6062; Ld, Pspy, 3335; Ld,AHistory, 16566, 18889, 309; J Ws, Henry VI and the Politics o Kingship (Cmbdg, U.K.,1996), 2021, 55; d Fk y d J S. Rsk, ds., Gesta Henrici Quinti: Te Deeds oHenry the Fifh (Oxd, 1975), 2829, 4043.

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Cs F. Bggs, d P G. Rmy (N Yk, 1997). Pg s s d g pss x b. O s, s Dd C. F, Te Lie and imes o John revisa,Medieval Scholar(S, 1995), 120, 19091, 199; Bggs, Giles o Romes De regimine principum,8488; Rp H, S Tms Bky d Hs Pg, Speculum 64 (1989): 878916; dF Sms, Clerical Discourse and Lay Audience in Late Medieval England(Cmbdg, U.K.,1998), p. 3.


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bd Gss g ss) d, k d Gys dp, s

Gss ds bks d ps. Hs Mdd Egs s

s d s m ss Gss k g g L x s qd Gss ds s py

sg dsdg s s.

Iby, d De regimine principum m

Gss d p y s k p by dd s d

mzg ps dy. Ts s y s F s

k s s s s s H B d Cs d Pz.

T De regimine principum s s d Egs py, s s

s by ks s s Gs Conessio Amantis d Hs Regiment

o Princes, s Gss Rgm Ps gsd Secretumsecretorum d Jbs d Cssss Cs Mysd s s

m ss. C, , my b qd Gss m-

ps sd y s J Ssbys

Policraticus. I , d y b m my s

ds dy, k s s s G, D, d B.

I s b gd Bs eseida, s bss Cs

Knights ale, ss my De regimine principum, s

Wie o Baths ale (III 110932) C qs p Convivio D y s Gs d s De regimine principum by m.

Cy, mb s sd d p gs s

Gss m ps s x ssss

Dk Tss Knights ale. I De regimine principum s

As ss, s d s As ps.

. Gs Rm, Te Governance o Kings and Princes, d. F ., x.. Gg W. Cpd, Id, Te ree o Battles o Honor Bonet, d. Gg

W. Cpd (Lp, 1949), 1569, 61; K L. F, Id, Cs d Pz,

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Ps sds De regimine principum sd Gss

ds sg m p d s s dp

s m ss, dd Ass Ethics, Rhetoric, d Politics;Vgs ; Aqss On Princely Government, Summa Teologiae,

d s mms As; k P Ag d

pps Abs Mgs; d V Bs d

d by. T p y Gs pdd

s dsp pp y b Pp IV d B

VIII s s d m sy . H, by s,

sd Gss p y, py De regimine

principum, s bsd pp m dm pps, p-

ps psd s bg ppb g , sy, dps. As s, Gss k y pdd js p-

p gms (s s dy my) b s ddd

B, Te Ages o Man: A Study in Medieval Tought and Writing (Oxd, 1986), 911; J A.B, Ricardian Poetry: Chaucer, Gower, Langland and the Gawain Poet(Hmds, 1991),54, 11617, 12628; J A. B, Essays on Medieval Literature (Oxd, 1984), 3842; J P.MC, Chaucer Among the Gods: the Poetics o Classical Myth (Usy Pk, 1979), 1722223,1742829; As Ms, I Spk Fk S Es: Vy d Sy Ag C, Studies in the Age o Chaucer27 (2005): 2558, 5255; d Sp H. Rgby,

Wisdom and Chivalry: Chaucers Knights ale and Medieval Political Teory(Ld, 2009), pssm.. Tms R, As d F My, 12601303, Viator 9 (1978): 30924,

31215; Rb Lmb, A pps d sz dOm Egd Rm,Medioevo 14 (1988): 31570; Rb Lmb, Psps d g s s. EgdRm d p d Politica z b d De regimine principum, Documentie Studi sulla radizione Filosoca Medievale 1 (1990): 279325; Rb Lmb, I s, pp . N s z s dEtica Nicomachea De regimine princi-pum d Egd Rm, Documenti e studi sulla tradizione losoca medievale 2 (1991): 23979;Rb Lmb, p: prudentia d pp De regimine d EgdRm, Documenti e studi sulla tradizione losoca medievale 3 (1992): 77144; Lmb, TP, 152234; J Cm, Sm Rs b Sdy Ass Rhetoric, Ethicsd Politics L T- d Ey F-Cy Usy As Css d

Js Cmpy C As, Jsp Cg d O G. Ox, ds., PoliticalTought and the Realities o Power in the Middle Ages (Gg, 1998), 14754; J Cm,A History o Political Tought rom the Middle Ages to the Renaissance (Oxd, 2000), 6471; dM S. Kmps, Te Common Good in Late Medieval Political Tought (Oxd, 1999),13156. F Aqs, s Commentary on Aristotles Nicomachean Ethics: St Tomas Aquinas, s.C. I. Lzg (N Dm, 1993); P LHm-Lq, L mm ds De regimineprincipum d Gs d Rm, Jqs P d Jqs Vg, ds., Guerre, pouvoir etnoblesse au Moyen Age: Mlanges en Lhonneur du Philippe Contamine (Ps, 2000), 47179, 471;d Ky, Lempire du roi, 203, 322.

. Ay Bk, Political Tought in Europe, 12501450 (Cmbdg, U.K., 1992), 4854;Rb W. Dys, Normative Teories o Society and Government in Five Medieval Tinkers: StAugustine, John o Salisbury, Giles o Rome, St Tomas Aquinas and Marsilius o Padua (Ls-

, N.Y., 2003), 14186; d Rb Lmb, I sm D ps dm pp d EgdRm ds d B VIII: Aqsz psp d sg p , Le culture di Bonicacio VIII. Atti del Convegno organatizzo nellambito delle Celebrazioni per il VIICentenario della morte, Bologna, 1315 dicembre, 2004 (Rm, 2006), 93108.


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m ms m g d d y

sms. Hs s s spps s bdy psp, ,

s, d p g ps s s G, C, d H k gd k.

II

Dsp Gss yy As pspy s ds-

y d s sy y, bss s

d p k md d P d S p

s p m : m dyg s sm d

kyd gs (120). A (.., m p d y) sd kyd s ks b pds s

md dy dd d d s sd (77, 161,

190, 330, 367, 372, 377). I Gds C pdd mp m

d sy sd b dd, Gs, s As, Ags,

d Bs, s sd s gs s

d m p. F s, ss gss

gs ssgs m g p d, s

m d y sk m, d d by d Eg Cs House o Fame (3839, 12021, 146, 211, 274,

291, 336). Lk Cs Ps (X 216), Gs d xpssd s

d p Wsdm 11:21, s s d s De ecclesiastica

. P, imaeus and Critias, s. Hy D. P. L (Ld, 1977), 4041, 42, 52, 58,6061, 65; d S, O Pd, Te Stoic Philosophy o Seneca, s. Mss Hds (NYk, 1968), 27, 32, 3640, 43. F mpy sm As pspy, s Cdm- 219 Ppss, s. Es L. F d P D. ON, Rp L dMs Md, ds.,Medieval Political Philosophy: A Sourcebook (N Yk, 1963), 33554; d L,

T Md Ip As, 8288.. As, De Anima (On the Soul), d. Hg Ls-d (Hmds, 1986),

3.9 (d by bk d s). Ts gm smms d Gs df s s s ys d s s gs. Ts, g ppsd s ps-ps gd ppg m f , zd y d pp xmp , s, s gd s s (29899).T pbm which sps b sd s md m s s s d Gss dsss sd xby mby d(378). S s b, s VII, sd m sd d dds ms.

. As, O Hs, J Bs, d., Te Complete Works o Aristotle,2 s. (P, 1984), 1:310-b, 1:311-b; Ags, Concerning the City o God Against thePagans, s. Hy Bs (Hmds, 1972), 5.8, 11.2728, 13.18, 19.12 (d by bk d

s); Bs, Te Consolation o Philosophy, Te Teological ractates and Te Consolationo Philosophy, d. Hg F. S, Edd K. Rd, d S. Jm s (Cmbdg, Mss., 1973),4.m.6.1624; Gs Rm, On Ecclesiastical Government, d. Dys, 57, 165, 24951, 261, 287, 295,336, 367; d C, HF, 73064.


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potestate, s s s Gd s dd gs ms d

mb d g. I De regimine principum, by s, Gs

gy pd mk s s pp sp y,skg sd spp As pspy, ps, d

s. H s kd As p g m,

psg s s kg by m s g s

md by y xss dy, d g yg

d s s pp d p, s bss

md pspy (193, 207, 25455, 295, 336). T Sps,

Cs gy, d y As s s bg

dmy gd kd d b md s

kgs pdd m s d ps.F Gs, sd mj ss pdd s s

spy dsy smp y. S Gd, s ms gd, s

ms , mg xp y (.., p mmy,

s s dd y d m) y pm d

b ms gd s ms . Y, gs s s S

P b spy y, Gs d As

mpss s dsy. H, pd y m

my d d Ags d Aqs gg ygs ps, gs, s y

d , , b sm s p. Csqy,

p d qs gs ds kyd xs. F

s, ds dygs m bdy, s s mm, ,

sg, q ds mmbs d yms, pms s

p d ps mmbs. Smy, y

ppss, ds y s d pg ds

mb d s: pg mpsd y d

. Gs Rm, On Ecclesiastical Government, d. Dys, 391; d K D. Ly, Cityand Cosmos: Te Medieval World in Urban Form (Ld, 2009), 34.

. P, imaeus, s. L, 7273 (53); As, Te Nicomachean Ethics, d. Rkm,1.9.5, 2.2.6, 2.6.4, 2.6.5, 2.6.9; As, De Anima, d. Ls-d, 3.9; Ags, City o God,s. Bs, 11.22, 22.19, 22.24; d S Dy, Chaucers House o Fame: Te Poetics oSkeptical Fideism (Cg, 1972), 72.

. Te Republic o Plato, s. Fs M. Cd (Ld, 1941), 5.46162 (d bybk d s); d As, Te Politics and the Constitution o Athens, d. Sp Es

(Cmbdg, U.K., 1996), 2.2, 2.5 (d by bk d s). Gs s m PsRepublic sd.

. H, d b, s ss x b gd th. F Agsd Aqs, s A O. Ljy, Te Great Chain o Being: A Study o the History o an Idea (N Yk, 1960), 67, 7677.


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b pg s p (11, 59, 193, 234, 285, 295, 297301, 411).

Ts, s ywas d Gs, bsd Gd

s gs, y d s smpmy b , s Agss -Psm, k m

g dpd mpy d ps, ms

py (11, 5859, 211, 234, 295301, 327). H, s my

s md g, s Ass ks

d s dd s m pd s ks

s Gs dy , b qppd m

mds xpssg (d s ddg)

y m ds.

H, Gs s py d d s bg sp -my, s gdd s dsy s sg pssb

g d bs p d. F

Gs, d mj ss g by d s dgs

dsy d b ddd s bs dy -

dg s dpd b ms md p y . As

gd, md s, s s ss, s, m-

d b d s . Js s Gd s sy dd

gs d sd b d s d, s, , md s b d m b d (193, 278, 280, 327). H, Gd

s dd gs C sd b kd y

dg ps, p, d x, gs

ss p d pssssd ps ys sg d bg sb-

dd g d m p, s ss d ps

gs, s s bdy ms d Es m (28, 211,

216, 226, 280, 352). Idd, s s y Gss k ,

. As, Politics, d. Es, 2.5; d Lmb, Psps d s s,28889.

. Edd G, Planets, Stars and Orbs: Te Medieval Cosmos, 12001687 (Cmbdg,U.K., 1994), 14849; As, O Us, Te Complete Works o Aristotle, d. Bs,1:392-b, 1:396-b, 1:397, 1:399-b; Ags, City o God, s. Bs, 5.11, 12.45, 12.23, 12.28,19.1113, 22.18, 22.24.

. Gs Rm, On Ecclesiastical Government, d. Dys, 305; Ags, City o God,s. Bs, 22.30; d Emy S, Ps Pm, Dsy d Md PAs, Representations 91 (2005): 125, 912.

. I De ecclesiastica potestate, Gs s Teodosian Code s g syg s md, s s (Gs Rm, On Ecclesiastical Govern-

ment, d. Dys, 279), g s pp s m sp Gss psmmps (C. P, d., Te Teodosian Code [P, 1952], 9:45:4.3).

. Lmb, Psps d s s, 290; Lmb, p-, 109; Lmb, I sm D ps dm pp, 95; d Lmb, A pps,34546.


13/56


dsp dsd md Css, dg Cs Ps

(X 217), s s zg , dd y

ps mg kd dms, g y ks, d mg gs.

I s psp, m bjs k ss, s s

d , s s g b dd sm

ps pssss g ss, s, , ps sd

b dd d ms ss ss. Smy, ms,

y g d ss ss b s pssss ps

s, jy s ps d ms b d

s (3536, 260, 263, 274, 36971, 387). As ms

Gds s, s pssss pd, s, d y,ms dsp s, m d,

k by s by s d ss

m, b s b m. As s, ms g

g gs bss y sbm s (5051, 16263,

234, 25960, 263, 274, 387), d d sppss sg

myd ms Gs g Pss R

1381 s Vox Clamantis.

F Gs, s dg y zd s sms s b s s y dd bj md p

mb d ms ps. I s ss, y s bj s, s

m, msm msm s, d md-

smgpy. Adgy, y p g s mpsd

my mps, , s sms s , d d b m

b d y m s m mys d s

bd . E bjs k ss s ms m

, k s bdy, s d ds g m-p ps, s mm, d pps m ds

. Gs Rm, On Ecclesiastical Government, d. Dys, 22931, 23539, 243. F dsd , s Jb 10:22, d Kg, d., Wimbledons Sermon, 66 (s 9497).

. As, Politics, d. Es, 1.7. F g, ss, d ss,s As, De Anima, d. Ls-d, 2.3; As, Nicomachean Ethics, d. Rkm,1.8.920; d Agds Rms, Quodlibeta (1646; p. Fk, 1966), 29, 16062.

. As, Politics, d. Es, 1.5, 1.7; d J G, Vox Clamantis, Te CompleteWorks o John Gower, d. Gg C. My, 4 s. (Oxd, 18991902), 4:3313.

. F s d, s Gg P. Cg, Teories o Macrocosms and Microcosms in the His-tory o Philosophy (N Yk, 1922), sp. ps. 12; Ld Bk, Natures Work o Art: Te

Human Body as Image o the World(N H, 1975), p. 1; Lmb, Psps dg s s, 297; A J. G, Categories o Medieval Culture (Ld, 1985), 5761;d Ly, City and Cosmos, 711. F s pmy ss, s Rgby, Wisdom and Chiv-alry, 23839.


14/56


g p d (175, 273, 327). Ts, js s s ssy

md p my s b m ms d y

s ms by my s dmd,s mxd m bds y m s msy,

ms y y m dds, ds

E. Smy, sms, Primum Mobile s

mgs s s (27374, 327). S ds b

C dy g, b m-

psps d gs m As d Ags

Psd-Dyss Apg (s ks d dy s

Ep m y), Tms Aqs, d Jms Vb,

J Gs.Iby, Gs ddd s ms ssy y

pp mps m bdy, pdd md-

psps sk xmp , y gsm mpsd

mb d mmbs, s ys mmb s

s. I s bdy, s m s myg spg

mygs bdy d s s

s bdy (5859, 212, 327, 42021). Ay, d d b s

s d m x ps bdy. Adgy,s mmbs sd b sbj d bd d d

sd b g s mss s m ms

s dss s pmy y mss d b sd

d dd (32, 309, 389, 41112). I s, dm p

b d dg gsm mpd

md sm.

Gs xpssd s dsdg sp b

mmbs bdy ms As ps mmd dsb js. As Aqs xps s Summa theologiae, m-

m js ds g-d-k ss k byg d sg,

quid pro quo qb xg s b gs

g gs d, s, m ppy. F Aqs,

. Gs Rm, On Ecclesiastical Government, d. Dys, 19, 2537, 57, 59, 191, 217, 23343,25961, 27981, 287, 307, 391.

. Rb Es, Order and Reason in Politics: Teories o Absolute and LimitedMonarchy in Early Modern England(Oxd, 1978), 1113, 32, 4748, 58; J-M M, L R

d Eq: App d my y d my g, Revue DHistoire et de PhilosophieReligeuses 58 (1978): 14561, 154; O Gk, Political Teory o the Middle Ages (Cmbdg, U.K.,1900), 1011, 28, 30. F s pmy ss, s Rgby, Wisdom and Chivalry, 24243.

. As, Nicomachean Ethics, d. Rkm, 5.2.1213.


15/56


s s s b p d p, b mmbs

g . By s, dsb js ds sp

b d s ps s s d dsb mmys gds s mmbs pp ss

s dd mmbs. H, s d by y dd p

s bsd gm ppy, s, qy

s qy mm js. F Gs, s s p-

mmbs m bdy, s s y , d

d pm s m xg ss, y xs

sp mm js. H, d s

bdy s qs s ps d ms dsb js, s

, s pm s , s s bdy, ggsp yg d myg s mmbs dg

dg, s y bg s gs (5759, 193,

25455, 301, 411).

F Gs, y s bss d

d, dg m pysgy, pdd md g m-

y. H, dpd d p m s bg

msm msm s ss y dd

mpss m sps y. E ddps s ss d ms: k ss, xss; k ps,

gs; k ms, s pp sss; k gs (g

ss x), psssss p s dsgss m

m ms. Adgy, js s Gd s msm

d, s s sd msm dd,

s gg bdys ss ms, s s s

pps d psss d ss s (11, 3536, 138,

190, 36971).

I ms ssy md p b bds d ss, g d s b d y s,

s b, m p, d m b m, s dsp d

mys d bdy s s bd s (16, 219, 274, 388). Hm

s m b g gs d

bss. Adgy, sss xs

. Tms Aqs, Summa Teologiae: A Concise ranslation, d. my MDm(Ld, 1989), 54, 38788; d Aqs, Commentary on Aristotles Nicomachean Ethics, d.

Lzg, 92976.. F d msm d msm, s 44, b.. As, De Anima, d. L-d, 2.3; Ags, City o God, s. Bs,

1.20, 11.29, 22.24, 14.15, 19.15, 22.24; d Agds Rms, Quodlibeta (1646), 389.


16/56


s, s gs, s s s ss

d, psss, d sss , bs

s s (1213, 32, 73, 9192, 97, 131, 163, 347, 378).

I s ss,s Gs sys De ecclesiastica potestate, s s b s p

ms: s m bdy (.., s)

dsbdy bs gs s ( d), m s ppd

s s s sp d p, d ss sd d s

s bms s s.

III

Gss s g d zs C s y bss s dd my b s

pdd m ms dd xs q-

y s d p . I, s Psd-Dyss d s,

gs kd y, d , s Gs sd

De Ecclesiastica Potestate, pps d ps xs mg

m, C s sy, ms b

m y kd. H, s Gs s b d bb, ps,

d psp y s b by d dsby y, k ms dg ks s gdd s k

s bg s-dy . As sd, xmps dd jsy

s gms s y s g s

s gs. I De ecclesiastica potestate Gs s my d

jsy spmy y C

p mp s. I s De regimine principum pds

dd d js s , p,

d ss s sy.As s, Gss smgy psd dsy s sp

my C s . H, Gs s my (

ss) s bg py sb y bs s m

mmy s y dpd pdd, s y dd by

. Bs, Te Consolation o Philosophy, d. S ., 4.p.3.4269; d Aqs,Commentary on Aristotles Nicomachean Ethics, d. Lzg, 129699.

. Gs Rm, On Ecclesiastical Government, d. Dys, 41, 93, 1057, 323, 357. S sEgds Rms, ractatus de peccato originali (Oxd, 1479), s. 34, 14; Egds Rms,

In Quosdam Aristotelis Metaphysicorum Locos Questiones (V, 1499), Bk 1, Qs 1; dAgs, City o God, s. Bs, 12.1, 13.3, 13.13, 13.20, 14.1112, 14.15, 15.22, 19.27.

. Gs Rm, On Ecclesiastical Government, d. Dys, 19, 2527, 51, 57, 169, 191, 217,23343, 27981.


17/56


dsy s mmbs d s y pm: ks dsy,

s . Ts, js s ds y s, pg

qs mb d s, d bdy s ssy mpsd mb ds mbs, s y ms b md p ds pss

s s y d ppss s d. I

p, g m ds, s s sg, g, d, d

dk, ms ys mmbs q spdg g s d

ds s. As sds, g y s, g

dg spz b sks pmd by s mmbs

(8, 58, 234, 274, 290, 29495, 297301, 383).

Gss k s As d m

s s s mpb bs, s, s s m. Idd, ps-sssg s d sg gg, ms m mpb

bss. N s s g my ds

s, s s k d b d d d gs, d-

g ms, b d dd m ms s

s (13, 59, 98, 16163, 170, 173, 226, 28889, 363, 371). H, m

s d s , s m my d d

s m d my, y , by mm js

xg, p s py d k s md. As sss b pdd by sg sd

my ys b b y, pp m sp sds

m d gs m g xg gds d ss, s

by b, d , m y, by sg my. A d m s b-

sd sg y pdg sss d s s

dgs ms p d x sy (5859, 16163,

169, 26567, 29495, 384). H, ms s

y d, dk, g, d p dd pys s,b s d d gm m d

sy. Ws ms s s y xpss ps d ds-

ps, ms s sp d gd d d , y p s

ms p s mmy y (28995, 31011, 38384).

. As, Politics, d. Es, 4.15.. Lmb, A pps, 355; d Sg Lsg, D mm pp : s

s d Gs d Rm d N Osm d Pq 1, 2 dAs, P J. J. M. Bkk,d., Chemins de la pense mdivale: Etudes oertes Znon Kaluza (, 2002), 65374,

66263, 669.. As, Politics, d. Es, 1.2, 3.9; Ags, City o God, s. Bs, 12.28;

Aqs, Commentary on Aristotles Nicomachean Ethics, d. Lzg, 27576, 290; d Lsg,D mm pp , 66069.


18/56


F Gs, , xgg gds, s s d (kyd

ss), my ( ss) s d

my. Rs sd g gs, mss, d ps s sbjs sy pdd sss .

Bs d s s d s, s s ssy

g yp my . Ag As d s pg

by xgg my my s my dbs, Gs dd s

mg b d, s ms, s sd b m

s m. Smy, s g g m d, m

sg s b, m mg b gm ms m, s

ss m mg b b dgy p (17, 119, 132, 13638,

185, 21112, 220, 26769, 27273, 33233, 358, 384, 385). I s ss, Gspsd my s bg sy sp, s mg b s

sm gps d b pbd s. Ts, s mg d

p pmd s s

d, y pbd s s ps g

p mp qd by (1213, 163, 178, 224,

260, 292). By s, Gs, sy (ks) s ys g d s

sd b pbd m. Ws g s s py

gm, s d g s g qsgs sbs, g my s m bby s, k -

g ss, dg my sd ssy s g s

sbs, b s dd s sy (75, 26771).

H, s Gs s dsy, d, d mpm-

y s m sy, s, s s smgy, gd

g dg s ms md p qd

y sd b kd y. Idd, s Gs qd my

q (equalia), dsy bm syyms q-y, s s-d d d sy bm,

s, js d y. As Gs sd, bs

y s md p p d s zs d qs y f s

d mss ss d m, ssy s dsy by

sm ds d smm sgs (299300). Iby, dd s

. Gs Rm, On Ecclesiastical Government, d. Dys, 79, 81; 119, 321; Sp H.Rgby, T W B, Cs d Pz, d Md Cs Wm, Chaucer Review35 (2000): 13365, 143; Ms, I Spk Fk S Es, 3537; d Lsg, D m-

m pp , 66061.. As, Politics, d. Es, 1.10. O sy, s D Wd, Medieval Economic

Tought(Cmbdg, U.K., 2002), spy ps. 78.. Egds Rms, De regimine principum (1482), 3.1.8.


19/56


k, Gs sd m gy m bdy, s

bg p-m symb ms sy s d

md g.

Ts, js s mmbs bdy y sp mm js b s dsb js, by

ds mb g sp, s p m-

my qs dsb js by , p, d ss

gd mmbs mmy dg dg

(59). Csqy, Gs smms kd qy ( ss

dspp) js d p, s qy b

ms ss bdy skss d, s ss

y dd d m s y sy qd

s qy b s mmbs. Fg As d C, d dd js s ssgs y s d, Gs

gd s js s qd pp qy, s,

qy, m dss dg q

dignitas. T mm gds sy, s s , ss, d ,

sd s b dsbd dg ss ps s

m (28, 5560, 187, 375, 388).

IV

As Mx Wb sd, s jy , ss, d p sy

sy jsy s spy ms sp ss-gd

pps sm sp d s qy s p-

gd. T ss-gd Gs Rm sg gm

dsb js s d p gms s

dy s As m s jy p sy,

kygs d ps d g ds, ds s y s s d m p. I s b sm ms

. My Jms, R, Dm d S Bdy L Md Egs ,Past and Present98 (1983): 329, 6; d Ly, City and Cosmos, 160. F s s m-p, s s Sp H. Rgby, English Society in the Later Middle Ages: Class, Status and Gender(Bsgsk, 1995), 308; d Sp H. Rgby, Egd: L d Sy, Sp H.Rgby, d.,A Companion to Britain in the Later Middle Ages (Oxd, 2003), 497520, 5034.

. As, Nicomachean Ethics, d. Rkm, 5.5.1718; Ags, City o God, s.Bs, 19.21; C, On Duties, d. Mm . Gf d E. Mg Aks (Cmbdg,U.K., 1991), 7; d Aqs, Summa Teologiae, d. MDm, 54, 387.

. Mx Wb, T S Psygy Wd Rgs, Hs H. G dCs Wg Ms, ds., From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology(Ld, 1948), 267301, 276.

. As, Politics, d. Es, 1.5, 1.13, 7.14; d Gs Rm, On Ecclesiastical Govern-ment, d. Dys, 169.


20/56


sy d s ms b sbj m, s ms sb d

b s kk s s d ys

d s gd by s s, gd, dy, y, dyg. F Gs, s As, m

ss s s d xpd, s

sp, qy , s ys (3, 5051, 169, 173, 175,

212, 263, 273, 275). Gs ppd s pp mb d s

sps, dg s b d sbj, ms d s,

sbd d , d d d.

F Gs, m s y s m b s y bs d

pk, s y d p mms. I

s d s pp dsb- js s bg py d m ps d

sp b d sbj (161, 16970, 28996 383). Gs

jsd p dsp sm pp s ms

ss-gd s pssss gd , dsdyg d

pd, d s by mss, sd s

s, s s g mss sd b sbj

d m bs. F Gs, y gs

psps b ms g d g -md by d s gm. I g

pd ms ms y dsp bss, m

m, d d, d mss ss, s,

b kyd d, kg ds g pd d s s

s ss dsdg. W p Ay F s

N Ssm gm (N Ssm d b s

; B I k Ssm bs s ; W js gs

s s Ssm s p), Gs s b g yshould kg sdm sp

m b y ds s s s d b

kg s p b s s . A

ks pd d s d by s psss s s kyd

, y kyg, kg dd, b s my y y

b p, bg kg y by m d smpy sg kyg

. As, Politics, d. Es, 1.5.

. Agds Rms, Quodlibeta (1646), 34.. As, Politics, d. Es, 1.5, 1.13.. Ay F, Tinking about Tinking (or Do I Sincerely Want o Be Right?) (Ld,

1975), 4750.


21/56


(3, 1011, 4951, 61, 152, 154, 274, 329, 335, 338, 34042, 345, 34749, 372, 374,

377, 385, 387).

I dsp d gm g d s m-y bs y s m pd,

s bs p m gm? I sg s qs, Gs

d As dsgsg m kds py dg

xss p: m, pp, my pp. I ,

s kds gm k s p

m dpdg s g mm gd,

sd ys m b sg p ( g s sd

s ssy b dspsd), bgg sbjs p, pspy,

d (s my, sy, policia), y myps s-s (s yy, gy, dmy) (34,

15, 20, 55, 11819, 288, 304, 309, 32526, 328, 33345, 37273).

Gs gdd b sy d policia (s s I

y-ss pp s s, f s, d jdgs d

mk s) s bg py gm ms py. Nss,

gd bs yp gm s my, gds

sg ps sg gm d p: s b-

py b d by by my. F Gs,xp sd kg s, s s ps d p

s ms gm d p d ms. I m

g ms, js s ss s md s d d

d by s , s d p y m-

y s bs d ms ms gm (32628, 373).

I s ss, , s d m, kss Gd s

d d p d s p d kyg kygs (30, 81,

83, 336).

I sm y s ss bdy b d by s d my b bd s g, s s ss

mmy b d by s kg, dg bd, sp, d

m (38889, 41112). I g, , dsp xpy ps-

g policia s s m py, Gs s ssps my

pp d d sss y

s: m pp ggd smg, ss s

. O pd Gs, s Lmb, p, pssm.

. As, Politics, d. Es, 3.7, 4.211; As, Nicomachean Ethics, d. Rkm,8.10.2; Aqs, Commentary on Aristotles Nicomachean Ethics, d. Lzg, 167278, 169798; dEgds Rms, ractatus de peccato originali, . 4.

. Lmb, Psps d s s, 3089.. F s s d, s Rgby, Wisdom and Chivalry, 199201.


22/56


sdm d (16, 281). Ws Gs ms pd dgs,

f s, d p d s p dds

g pm gs p f , s ppy sg y f gg my gs m p-

s ms gm (308).

I d jsy s b my s bs m g-

m, Gs kd y As (32829). I , s

As d s my p m s d m

s y, d s gd , y, s gd mg

m s sdm b d. H dd , p,

bs m py my b mxd s mbs

s, s ms s, d ms gm.Ts s y s k s dsd by my md p-

ss, m Aqs y Fs -

. By s, s Gs gzd p (.., pk

yy ), s sbj md by zs, s

gm m gm, ms d y (..,

g ), kg ks s m s b s mks

s dg s . Gs s s y s bg ms

g d m , qg Gd s d spmy s dd m

(19091, 213).

F Gs, dsp s kd pssss sp

d pd. I p, kgs, s dss y

sy, sd b s d m pd m. I my

. As, Politics, d. Es, 2.5, 5.8.. As, Nicomachean Ethics, d. Rkm, 8.10.2; As, Politics, d. Es,

2.6, 4.811; Rd G. Mg, Aristotles Political Teory: An Introduction or Students o Politi-cal Teory (Oxd, 1977), 6869, 71, 7677, 82, 100115; Csp Sds, Aristotle (Ld,2007), 36768; J Dbb, As Ss, By Smy, d., rends in MedievalPolitical Tought(Oxd, 1965), 6585, 6769; Bggs, Giles o Romes De regimine principum, 13;d Jms M. By, Ideal Government and the Mixed Constitution in the Middle Ages (P,1992), 1624.

. Aqs, Summa Teologiae, d. MDm, 290; J Ps, On Royal and PapalPower, d. J A. W (, 1971), 2068; Jms M. By, d., On the Government o Rulers:De regimine principum. Ptolemy o Lucca with Portions Attributed to Tomas Aquinas (Pdp,1997), 4:1.2; 4:1920; Osm, LeLivre de Politiques, d. M, 15253, 167, 24041, 279; S JFs, I Ps Ls Egd (ss 9, 13, 35) d T G Egd, Sy Lkd, d., On the Laws and Government o England(Cmbdg, U.K., 1997), 1718,

13; . Osb, Dmm Rg Pm: S J Fss Rsps Pbm yy s Psd by Tms Aqs d Pmy L, Medieval Studies 62 (2000):16187; d By, Ideal Government, pssm.

. By, Ideal Government, 6770; d Lmb, Psps d s s,32425.


23/56


sm , s Gs ms dd, d b ms g

bs d ss m s kg g y sss -

y (4951, 55, 6062, 32930). H, Gs gd , p, ms s g, dy kgsp s y

bs m gm. Ag m dgs d sm dg

y d p, m gm s m ms ky

s mm gd d p s d yy. A d-

y s pss s m s s m ky kp

s m gd d d m; s ky b

ms s b y sd p; d s m ky b

byd by s sbjs ds m m g-sbsd

g. Fm, s s d ds ss bs d s, g, yg sd b bd d, s pb

sss sd b pmg (Gss x s s

ddssd ds sg s Pp III F) (3, 212, 32932).

Rssgy y s m s g, Gs s b

ms y As, xmp , d pp

p xp s dy my s bs d ms

m gm.

H, Gs s d sg kgsp, y dd sk xs yy dspsm pd js y

d ppss p s p. Rs shouldb d by

sbjs, s, by bg s ps s,

ds d my, dsb p m. Nss,

g , sy p s bs sbsd mks

ms d by s sbjs s , s ds m, d

s ps mm gd: p pgmsm d dd

p d d (39092). Ps sd s s s (py s d

ds s bs g) mkg ,

kgdms d mds ps . Ty sd s

sbjs ss ysmg d by y (53, 12526,

324, 329, 338, 341, 350, 35160, 376, 413). Rs s dy b b

d s ds sbjs d d s s

p s p. T gd sd s s kgs

y dd gs x ms b s p syg

. As, Politics, d. Es, 7.14; d Lmb, Psps d s s,302, 31618.


24/56


b pss, s s ps, by p d mm p

m s dsbd. H s d s s y d s, s

s, s p s p (20, 7576, 317, 33243, 39091,396, 439). Ts, s De regimine principum s b s s

ds mmd m p, sd b sssd Gss

s s d g gs y yy. As s, p-

mps Gss p gs s d s

k s p mb d ps. I s spsg,

, d ps De regimine principum d

y by Sm By, s smms b s s sp

Rd IIs bssm, b s pssssd by s ppsd

kg, s s Tms, dk Gs. Smy, S Tms Bky s p J s, s Gss x Mdd

Egs, s y Gs d spp Bgbk, d s

y d dps Rd II 1399.

V

F Gs, y s s , b, d dsb sy

s s s sp ps d gm. Adgy, sg pd ds p ppy d d apologia

mpy qs , p, d ss, b

s ds d sss ms d sds. I

, Gs gd pssss sss s -

my, s b s by ms b g

dsp d pssss ms d sss

(163, 25960). Nss, s g pssss s p ,

. Pks, Hoccleves Regiment o Princes, 90.. Rd H. Js, Te Royal Policy o Richard II: Absolutism in the Later Middle Ages

(Oxd, 1968), 144, 15458, 16163, 173; Kd, Lordship and Literature, 54; Bggs, Giles o RomesDe regimine principum, 2, 6, 6062, 71, 94; Sms, Clerical Discourse, 6978; J Dbb,Cs d Vs, C, d., Te History o the University o Oxord, 1:565606, 587;Ng S, Richard II(N H, 1997), 44243; F, Te Lie and imes o John revisa, 11516;H, S Tms Bky, 88891; Uk Gssk, O P, Dsy b Hb:T Dps Rd II d Ms Ps, J. S. Hm, d., Fourteenth-CenturyEngland IV (2006): 15974, 16465; Ly Sy, Languages o Power in the Age o Richard II(Usy Pk, P., 2005), 29. F Bky, s Chronicles o the Revolution, 13971400, d. CsG-Ws (Ms, U.K., 1993), 169, 185; Cs G-Ws, d., Hy IV: T P-

m 1399, x d s, Ims 9, 52, 7475, Te Parliament Rolls o Medieval England,d. Cs G-Ws, P Bd, Sym Pps, W. Mk Omd, Gy M, ACy, d Rsmy Hx, CD-ROM (Wdbdg, 2005); d Te Chronicle o Adam Usk,13771421, d. Cs G-Ws (Oxd, 1997), 66.


25/56


s Ss d P d gd, sy sd b d

mm by zs, s s p d s b m,

p ppy, pp pssss, s bs gm(260, 298, 3012, 3045, 31011). Gs pd , y, m

p, mg b bs ppy d mm. Idd,

ms, pps d d yg mm. H,

p, g pd m pps d dss s

d sd , s p ppy s pp, s As

d gd, mxmz bs (261, 302, 3056).

Gs d mb ss y p ppy s, p

s, sp mm sp . Fsy, s-

s p ppy, pp bsy psg gd,my pp s d, s py d b m p

mm ppy b sbsd, s s d d

dd . Sdy, mm sp gs

dd d s b gd m , s d b s

b bs m j . I bs, sd

m b m m, d g s -

mss, b m s m ky. Tdy,

g pbms s sk s dgd my ssd s s, Gs pd s m zs

d k m bys, m d d ss s, y d

dd ppy (26162, 302, 3056). Bsds, gs

b d mm, s d jym m d

s b dd: d ss m ds ss .

T s, m, d b m s , ss, bs

m d d s ms s b s d s d b

dsd mmsy g d m mm p.H, s s dd gd mmbs,

m s mm gd dd q sbsm m-

m ppy (3012). Idd, Gs ssms , d

my, m sk b pp by g g d

( dpd) s m ds dy s

y s s d. Rs sd s

ms s sd b s d m p

mmy (170, 174, 337).

. As, Politics, d. Es, 2.15. P, Te Republic, s. Cd, 5.46364.. As, Politics, d. Es, 2.5.. As, Nicomachean Ethics, d. Rkm, 8.12.6.


26/56


Gss dsss d s y y s

Ass j mm ppy b s dpd gms

Psp gs ks s s Ps, , s yg mmsm, d s dd qy

mmy gds s d p d m d s

mgs zs (31112). Ags s , Gs gd

js s d xs bdy qs s ps d

ms dsb js (b, s II), s y m

d s dsb by ds m

dg q ss d dg (5859).

As sys zg Ss d Ps gms -

zs dg s d d mmy mm (26061,29798), dsp y s d d

bm (nobiles) dd y sm kpyg s s

pm (agricole) d pss (persone viles), s d b s-

sy s d d b mm. dsp ss

m s qy ( pp) b m,

s g, gd, , d kg, , ,

d pm, s dd pp s s, s

b m s b d, , pd sp s (303). Csqy, s y qs s mmbs

pm y d s, s sm d d s

dd , s p xg ss d qy

ss b m. R, s s sks dds

ms dd y m b d d sd jy

g dg s p s. Adgy, y sd b

g g s sys pd m dgy,

mbs sd b s xss y mps y, bsd b pp s ss d x s

s (306, 30910, 397).

E qy s d b d, Gs gdd s

ky, d s b dmd by sm pp

my d d s ppy, d, s

Ps d dmd, s d qy qy

s m bg s sbs m d y.

Eqy d b pdd y by sg p p d by mbg

. As, Politics, d. Es, 2.7.. Egds Rms, De regimine principum (1482), 3.1.10.. As, Nicomachean Ethics, d. Rkm, 8.14.


27/56


, , Gs, d by g s s s d

y d p d bm pd d d g

m s spg d b ggd sg mssdspsd d p m bg d. Fy, zs d qy

py, s d m d d s dds by,

s, sy, y d qy py, y d

xy psg mp (31214).

Adgy, s Gs pd s s s -

g ppy, s Ls zs d

s xp s mgy s

dg qy s kp mgs m, dd s s spd

gs zs sd s qy (314, 387).O y, g As, k gd s d

ms d ssy b ddd ps: , p, d

s b (385). Gs s s s mby b s

gps, pg, s s, yg d y sd m

s p. O m, d ppd bb y, s

Tms Wmbd dd s ms sm 1389 kd S

Ps g m sd dy bd sm g

s d (1 C. 7:20). Isd, s s De regimineprincipum, Gs pd bss s gm y

As, d gd s b y d

d p m y s gy ss s s s

sy s gs g jyd s pgs. S arrivistes

py ky smb mps pd d gy:

b m d ym b ms gs

s md (156, 283, 33031). Rs sd

k s m g dsp qky b sdpm m gdy d y s b sd (350).

Y, Gs jd gms s s d

d mm ppy d s qy, s gy g

. As, On Rhetoric: A Teory o Civic Discourse, d. G. A. Kdy (N Yk, 1991),2.16.4 (d by bk, p, d s).

. As, Politics, d. Es, 2.7.. As, Politics, d. Es, 4.3.. Kg, d., Wimbledons Sermon, 67 (s 99101). O y s mby

md Egd, s Sp H. Rgby, Egs Sy L Mdd Ags: D-, Amb d C, P B, d.,A Companion to Medieval English Literature andCulture, c.1350c.1500 (Oxd, 2007), 2539, 2834.

. As, On Rhetoric, d. Kdy, 2.16.4.


28/56


dsmss psps s g b y msk, b sd

sg s ps by dg sm m

m. Ts, P d Ss g mm sp ppy d s d d, Gs ss gd m

sy sd b sd mm gd, s by

bg sd s g by, d z

sd s d s, d, d psssss s -

s (7678, 306, 31011). Gss ds p ppy s , -

, m s js mss, dds ps s.

O s, my pp p s g s ms d

mss, gd , d b dg p-

sg gd. Ags s gd, s d ss:s bd gg s sd by s yk yg mmm s d

s ms mk, ds d pd m dss s-

m. Smy, m s, s sm qs s d mms,

ds d mb m. Lks, skg

dss , m sd b pd s g ss d ps-

sss s d s, g s sf m s

k s (status) (70, 76, 100, 25254, 26465, 272, 330).

Adgy, s gg m dss mdy d dg y, Gs xpd , p, s m s y

sd dss dg s. Ws d b gs

m dss m b s (d g s

sms mk mss sm m b y y ),

d b gg, s, d pps m s pd m

dss s s x: kgs (uxor militis) sd

b b dssd symp sy (civis simplicis) d

ps b s.

E sbd sd s s s y d ms dg s s d ss,

s dd by sms s y, s dg sp

s ppss g d s sp s s

sp sbd. Mkss d my s, b xss

my, d, d ss, by ss

b s, s d bs. Ts, s m sd

dss mss mdy d mky, y sd s d s sm

. As, Politics, d. Es, 2.5, 2.6.. Egds Rms, De regimine principum (1482), 2.3.12.. Egds Rms, De regimine principum (1482), 2.1.31.. As, Nicomachean Ethics, d. Rkm, 4.7.15.


29/56


d . Ts, g ss bdy, d ps sbds

d s d m (9495, 18889, 2035, 23536).

Smy, s sd d dk msb, s smsd s dmd by ds ps d by s

s gss. A ms s sd s b sd dg s

ss d . Ps, s, sd bd mg ss

mss s s x, s mg mks

sbjs d sp gs m (36, 165, 231, 25657). Lks, -

g ky db p Ass k, Gs gd

s my s Cs , ps s d mg-

my, s p g , d s sd d

xss my s y m bsg (8594, 11722).F Gs, by qy mmy ppd

y p d b s ss. Idd, s y

m ky b gd bg dd s

ps s m by y m gs. Rs sd -

dg sbjs dspy mg,

gy sd d p ms: y y sks p-

s gd (335). I s s mp sd y s

ppy s ppy dsbd sy dg mss, b s sp b sm d y dd (31415,

389). I s gs sk s d s, b s sp

(honor) s g ms s d g dds, pdd d

m ( ) m s (8990, 9394).

VI

A ms, Gss dsss s qy ms xg ss b kgs d pm s ms d md

s sy s bg md p y dd ss

s k, g, d py. Ts, s Gs bjd Ss

d Ps m ys gg m sd b sp m s

zs gds zs d bg dd

y, ss dsgsd s zs, d g

. Lmb, I s, 26468; d L, T Md Ip As, 88.

. As, On Rhetoric, d. Kdy, 2.16.18.. Egds Rms, De regimine principum (1482), 3.1.18.. F s, s Rgby, English Society, 18293, 246, 3078; d Rgby, Egd: L-

d Sy, 500502.


30/56


d dy b ms, m s ss mmbs sy d

d d dd py p y . H s md -

d ds b b ( g), s sk s pm m b b dd y, d s s s pm

d sm kd ds (223, 244, 292, 30911, 317).

I g, , De regimine principum

ks As, py Politics, ms Gss ms

by s y ms pp s dsss

s sd. F Gs, m s m dmsm

m s m pm, s sd s bss

m sy, s ss p , m mp ms

mmy, s s y m (16567). T sd s smpsd d sps mms. Fsy, s

sp b sbd d , s sd; s-

dy, b ms d s, ms ; d y

b p d d, ps d mps (16466, 17276).

As s dsss sp b d sbj, Gs ps-

s s mms ms my b b

gm s g sdm d s

s ss , , , by d d s sp-s kdg y bg d gd d

p (242).

T ds b m k ss sds s

dy pp. A , k bd d dkg ss

Dds, bs d y mss ds p d,

ms ms sd ds ss d s gs,

s d b sm m pm s sks ms. Js

s gs s bdy s sbj , s, my, ms s yg s sd. Nss, js s s

smy gs ms sms sd s

ms dy, d s sd d s by ms sm md p,

s sd d sd g s sss psssss, s

s bs d ds, s s sms pssss ss, s, s

ss d mss. I , s ss d f s sd mss

. Gs ds sm d psd-As Economics (Lmb,

A pps, 317; d Lmb, T P, 1523).. As, Nicomachean Ethics, d. Rkm, 8.12.7; d Lmb, A pps, 35761.

. Lmb, A pps, 320.. F Dds, s As, Politics, d. Es, 1.4.


31/56


b kd y, ps d ss g

s, s g f s g b pmd y gy s

y pd mss dkg d (59, 25455,27879, 28384). A m sd sd b msm C,

s s s s p s Gd. Adgy, js

s yg s yd b y C,

s, sd, s pdd s sd y

dms s ds dy d mg b sd s b gdd

dg ss sp dg d s. Gs gzd

ds s gms d y dg sms

d y (sms m s d), b gdd

s y s bg py gm pdd y p sgs my p (27980, 390).

H, s mss p m ss ss, Gs

dd dmym, yg dm, sy

ms s ss s xsd my b ms m-

s. R bg -sdd xp, s sp s -

y spd b ps, s sd by (17071,

176, 194). Lk Gd, s C s pd d sdm,

ds sd p, sk, d s s sbj (211). As s, Gs ssmd ds d b m gd

d dsdyg, b, g As, gd s

s d dy d y gy kg pys sg. I s

s s s d d sps s. As pys

b mks s d, sg d sg s b pp

sdy d sdm s m k. By s, m

g bd sg gy ks d kyg d s

yms. I ps s b sg d s ym s pds d s. Lk bd m ds b d by sm s

sgd, s ds ms s s: s m sd

b ds d s m bdy. Fg As, Gs qs

msy s s xsd by zd pps

bbs d, kk s s, d m-

ss. E g, g, m d g g gs

m xp p g, y b gd

. As, Mpyss, s. W. D. Rss, Te Basic Works o Aristotle, d. RdMK (N Yk, 1002), 12.10 (d by bk d s).. As, Politics, d. Es, 7.17.. F s Gs gs pps, s s XI, b.


32/56


gs s bbs y sbm g sps

(3, 5051, 17071, 19394, 24445, 263, 274, 284, 399400).

As s, Gs ppd s js s pds gms. Js s mxd bds q m b

mys , s s py pp y bm

mpy my sm m ds d -

s ss. I m g ds ms,

mgs ms s s sbj s (5051,

27375). Gs s gm ( d pp Jss

Institutes) dm (servitus), m , sd b s

s d s, by , m m d

ds b . Ags s g, Gs d s d y b dsd d sss: sy,

d s d g (s, sy, bs ) b s

sd pdd by m; sdy, d m y,

s d b dd s s gs s. H,

g g s s kyd s ss, s m b

kd, s s sd ss bs s bsd s d

ss mm gd. Smy, sd ss, s gs

sm m s d b bd m s s s d mxmzs mm gd (382).

Gs s s s d spd m sy smm

b ss d smm b ds. H, dd s kyd

s, by d, s, d bbs s s, Gs s

s sd yp s: ps sg

s dd b s s qd m. Js

s s, bg sp ps s, sd b ds s

ss s, s s s sp bd sg dyy my d p sd b ds s y m

b. Ts gm mg k p kyd dsp,

b ss s s d ps. Idd, p, s s-

y m d m b s b

jy spy d s. Ag, Gs s s ps

sg s bg b ps. O d, gd pp

g mm gd, s y d s ps y;

. As, Politics, d. Es, 1.8, 7.14.. Egds Rms, De regimine principum (1482), 3.2.31; d P Kg, d., Corpus

Iuris Civilis, 3 s. (B, 1928), 1:2 (1.3 [d by bk d p]).. As, Politics, d. Es, 1.6.


33/56


, s bd dd, s g s

s s d m s syg m d ymm.

Gs dpd sdd md ymgy L d s (servus) s mg s b sd m d by s

p d sm p m (27576, 36770).

Gs s dsgsd yps s. O s m

bms s gs (mercenarius) bs mk g

m ms m y s s gg ps, kpg

ms, g, sg, sg g pd, dg, g

, pg m mm sp. I s g, by p-

p mm js, km, s y s

(Lk 10:7), s pd s bs. T d bs ms ss m s y my b ppy , ,

d gd . B s ms s ssy sy

bs, g qs s sd by s,

y k gdss ms , p, y g

s. Smy, s ss ys b s g

bd s s qs, ds s s k

y (262, 27172, 27677, 28485).

Ag ddd gmy y s b s dm d s ppy s ss s sy bg -

s ss s, Gs dd m mss d ms s

b m. As s, Gs gdd s m

yg s dd d pp. Adgy, sd b

mdd , d , s As d msy gd (d

Bs d pd), s s m b ppss,

dy d xss, d dpd by b C d G.

F s, by s s m b ( dy gsy) d pdgy ( xss ) , p, s m s

m ky b d p m dy

s pdgy, d s s s m

bg s mdp b m (14, 4142, 6263, 65, 7678,

94, 98, 102, 136, 193, 274, 284, 295, 385). Smy, mss sd b

. Kg, d., Corpus Iuris Civilis, 1:2 (1.3); d Isidore o Sevilles Etymologies, d. PsTp, 2 s. (C, N.C., 2005), 1:5.27.32; 1:9.4.43 (d by bk, p, d s).. As, Nicomachean Ethics, d. Rkm, 2.2.68; Lmb, I s, 275;

C, LGW, F 16566; C, r, I, 68789; C, Pars, X 833; G, Conessio Amantis,5.764143; Bs, Te Consolation o Philosophy, d. S ., 4.p.7.50; d C, Bo,IV.p.7.96100. F s ks s d, s Rgby, Wisdom and Chivalry, 32,4142, 82, 9192, 123, 145, 15152, 241.


34/56


y m ss, d d sg s

sp, s dd mpy y sd pps bg

d y ds m s y s ds s sbjs. R,dspyg md mgms m, y sd dp

s mdd s b xms, g g

k d, ss m sd b s b m.

Idd, ss k , s ms s m

s, y sd b sd s y ds d,

sd b bs dd y ss, d sd b d

k ds py s (9899, 277, 284).

VII

Gss yss sp b sbd d

sd s, s bs pps, y sm s

b ms d s. F Gs, s As, m s

m g, s y d mg ss

sp s s p m s

k d m s g (.., p) s sd. Ad-

gy, s d my, k s s y mmmy, ss m, y bs -

y d , , k mks d ms bs,

sm ss b m skg s ds p

d d (170, 17478, 187, 29092). Hsbds d s pd

mpsp, d (k sm sps bds d ms

m s d ) b ps dd s

d m m spg, ss m d d s

bg xp m (17982). H, s ds b b ps, m bg y

d bsss sd sd s m pm

k sd m, dg dms sks s s g d sp-

g sk (g Gs s ms k d dg

y d s ss), by bg gd

(177, 24748).

. As, Nicomachean Ethics, d. Rkm, 4.6.8.

. As, Nicomachean Ethics, d. Rkm, 8.12.7.. F db g sx ds b md Egd, s

Sp H. Rgby, Gdg Bk D: Wm L Md Egd, Gender andHistory12 (2000): 74554.


35/56


Uspsgy, Gs dd s s gd ds b smpy

ms g mm xg, b dsd

ms dsb js. Js s ms s-d s k p s ss s sbjs, s, mmy

dk b m d m, sbd s d d ms,

xss g s sd ys b

bd m (17576). Iby, js s Gs jsd dsp

ms s ms mss sp sdm, s

ddd spy sbd s dd, m

g m ms ms sppsdy g -

y. I s m sd b sbj m mg

m pss mm pd, d sdm. I ms jy dsp bss pd, s, s As d sd,

m sd ys jy dsp m k pd

m d s ss b s (5051, 182, 275). Ts m

s bg ss pd pdd Gs s jg Ps

d Ss m m sd b g d dds ms:

y dd m pssss by d pys sg qd

d--d mb; y s kd s d sdm

py dd y b. Wm sd b d g y mgy, s, y s kd s

m gg d (192, 298, 3067, 311). Ts, g

s ppy xmp bs gg dgs

m (327), Gs bjd s smy ppd

b gs, s, d ks d g m sd

d dds ms, gg sd ms k s d sd

m gs y d s (298, 307).

Gss b ms sp y d by s ps-ss m gg dy my, s

ssd kgy dgy sd y pss m (331). M

spy s pdd Gs gd j pydy,

m s mb sbds. H gd d

dd s sg ps d b d my, ps

sm ks sd b sbj m s. Ts,

. LHm-Lq, L mm, 47179.

. As, Politics, d. Es, 1.5, 1.12, 1.13.. As, Politics, d. Es, 2.6; P, Te Republic, s. Cd, 5.45157; d

Jms M. By, Wm My: Ss Agms d Md Imgs Wm,History o Political Tought22 (2001): 24269.


36/56


g my sm m s d by b my d kg, ,

s ss my ms s dd by d s sbj kg:

g s g md. Smy, m, bg pd, , d sdm, sd ys b sbj m.

H, s d m sbds, s d m s d

b sbj m, smg s s kyd. Ts, s

s pygmy g s d sb, s pmd

s d s sb sg d, Gs gdd pydy

s bg m dsb gm, s d

mgs m ss (18084).

Js s Gs s d s bg ss mp d p ss

ds, s, s gdd m s bg ss s, s mss bg k mp ms. Ts mp xps y m

py g ps m pp, s s ps

ss x gdss pys by (166, 19798, 2067). Gs

dmd , p, sm m pd d sm m

m pd sm m. H, s s m

d, s xps d dm g d m

b sbj m. I sm y s ms b g-

dd (s , s bdys myg, pys g-d sd bdy), g my dds

y b -dd d g-dd, s s gms ms

b bsd p ss b s y m d

s gy (51, 181, 29192, 332, 420).

As Gs s m s bg ss s, d s

d s gy bg ss s m. Adgy,

gd s sd my b d p g

zd , y, m d s. Fm, ds d s bdd d gss

dsp d pp s, m py ky

s s s sppsd md d

(51, 2068, 284, 339, 355). T xp Gss g gs kg

. Gs s ppsd pydy gds d s b mp sbds d mp s sg m. O dsd-gs pygmy m d b ss ky s d d b s y s, m d sx mb m m ky b b,

d d p m m pdg d s s s bg d m, s sg p s ppss mg (18384).. Gs d b s s dg s p b m y bg g-dd

g qs As kyd s y s sg s (218).


37/56


m s s s mss d s dd qky.

Hs gm s bsd As m bgs

mp gs mp s s bs ds ss d gs ds m mp ks.

Adgy, js s ms bds m m s

ms, s m, bg m , ss m, s

ms s s s d ms , g,

m s m p (2067).

M gy, s ms d , Gs s s s

bg spy m, , s y ss s

m, py ky b d by mp pps d

sgss dss d s, spy y md yg g (189, 195, 2078, 245, 249). I y b, s, d

sb ms mpx (.., pysg mkp), s

m (py yg m) s d sb ds d

. Bg ss bdd by s m, y m d

mpy psss, g d sy d d,

d b sds d sb (199, 24549, 409). I s psp,

s m mp d s, k Kg Sdps, N,

d Js Cs, mss gy bmg mm (26, 73, 346).

Gs ssd ms sppsd ss s k

pys sg mpd m d pysg y

sd m dss mpx. As ms,

ms m ky b d d

bs, s s dss ss bdy s

mks mg d sg, g xss s s bd

bdy.

T d s mks p d d s s bs g, s ds d m d. Idd, m

gy sg d bd s s,

m ky b b d (67, 69, 19697, 244, 259, 307,

39798). Wm, by s, b mpx, bds

bg, s s, s d sb. Js s ms sp

. As, Politics, d. Es, 7.16.. As, Politics, d. Es, 5.10.. As, Politics, d. Es, 7.16. F s s Gs mmds xpsg -

d d s ys d d s d sg bds mpdd y ppd dds ms (238). S s B, Te Measure o Multitude, 258.. F bdss s , s As, Politics, d. Es, 7.7; d G-

y Ls, d., Te Earliest English ranslation o Vegetius De re militari (Hdbg, 1988), 50.


38/56


mpx bss, s ms mpx s sp

m. E g sm m d sg, s s y

s gd bdy mpx, b s pd sd d mkp sd by xss pgm. F Gs,

mpx ms bds s kd dy ps-

ss, s ms pys spy s ssd pssss

b s s d sp s s. H gs

my, s mpx bdy, ms

m, s d sb bdy, s sds d

sb ds d (153, 16162, 199, 2067).

I s ms, Gss m gd spy m -

y s kd x ms bdy mpx s -y ss ss , g qy ssd

s sd bdy s b d s s, s

d , , mpx bdy s

s (16, 6871, 131, 14748, 195, 199, 202, 219, 236, 274, 327, 388). A b-

s xmp s s dkg xss ms ,

pds bdy, s dspg by s s,

d s g s ds y d pmg d s (232).

R, pbm Gss mp k sppsd y ms s gd y d sss m-

px s ms d mpyd psy pps gm

s ds dsp mss ss. H d md

s s (d s m sd b mss) dd b -

d s d sky d bd sg, kd

gd mpx, s s ss d g bdy

sg b kd (151, 171, 399400). Y, dsp psg ms-

s d ss s bg sy d ms s d sg,Gs gd d s d bdy sg

m jsyg spy m m. Pps d-

b s gs s pp Gs s b gms

sd bss s p ssmps b by mss

g ss d m bg s b m.

Dsp s g ssssm m y, Gs dd

d m pb . Tg s-

bds, dg psm gs y spss ,

. As, De Anima, d. Ls-d, 1.4, 2.4.. As, Politics, d. Es, 1.56.


39/56


m b bg sy d sy ( sss m

s s s d), sss d sss, bs g,

d, d dk, d s s m m. A s b mpd g p m gd p d by

bg kp bsy sd k sg d bk-g,

dpdg sms y, s s ds

dss ds d s. I p, yg m sd b -

bdd m syg d yg b s y d

ppy s, d s smsss ss m m

y, d d bm smd mpy m (189, 2001,

208, 234, 24548). By g m xss dds d, s-

bd s p s d y gs mp- dss d mps bds d ss b ps, g,

s, p s d ssy my s s (29,

35, 6970, 177, 2012). Nss, g sbd sd s

d sd ps ssy, sd d d

bdyg by s jsy y pks s s ds

s pbd. Bg bdd smg mks ms d

ds m, b s s py m m

d s m (2068).I g, g y g m b,

Gs psd m ms xms gss d y:

y md, y s myd, s y ,

y ppd pm dds s m d m m.

H, m d , m gdss, y gy

pssss p m, s s d b pd-

ss, s pd dss mpx-

s. Ts, bs m by ,y gy sms (.., y pssss sg ss sm),

s s m ss, d s d sk dds

y pmpd d s by s. Smy, d

d b m bs y s s, d

d p my s y mss ds mpss m s,

m gy m ssy bss s

, b bs y s d d dsp

d s d py s s dsy (13436, 19799, 246,

307, 401).

. O ms s, s As, Politics, d. Es, 1.13.


40/56


Nss, js s yg d d m -

s s g, s s gby y d ms-

ss d g, d js s b, , d mgy m ms p s pss m, s,

Gs gd, by s s, m m

s d pps (18, 14950, 15657). Tg s sk s d

m m, ss s pssb. I d,

m s s, s s g d s

sbds s, py, s s s Cs W

B (III 52942), m ds, m ms jdg d s

dg s xp dd . H sd -

d g xss jsy ds s d ys kg s , s s gd d , s s gs s

b m d dss m m s pb ds. As s s mp-

, sbd sd g d dsp, sd d

sg xss ks mk m pd

d k mss sbds mss d ds (2038).

As s js mss ss, Gss ds

spy sbd s dd

s xs xs yy sd. O -y, gs s sd s msm y, s

s b ms p by p mmy

b d: mp g p zs

s d, d s p p p -

zs p sbd . Ws

s s d s ym k, sbd, g y s

b s , s s bd by mg d by d-

s d s, k s d s b p d s sbjs. Uk d, d s

, ds s sbd, d s, ss, s s p d

s (18283, 19092, 194, 203, 213). Gd, s ms sm

C, s d d g s bs dd s

dd p pps. Adgy, s f s s

s b b d bg p d, y sd b d

k ss, s y by bbs pps ss s by p

m d ss d s s s d d

. As, Politics, d. Es, 1.12; d Jms M. By, Fmy, Gm d Md Ass, History o Political Tought10 (1989): 116, 712.


41/56


p. E g m ds m, sbds sd b

g, dy, d sp ds s (g sp

ms s ks dpd p ms p y),mg m y b d, dsp

s s m ppss mg (5051, 17480,

19294, 199, 2016, 214, 275). I s bs md ps d

xss ss ss g ds g s

b m (18788). T sp sd b b sbd

d s pdd Gs s ss ppsg pygmy,

s g my s d m m d s d

s qd d s p (180). T d

b spss s s s y Gs ppsd ss mg: d b s s s ddd

sd b b sbd d , s d d s dg

s kyg d bd s d d s

y (186).

VIII

Fy, mmy s dd ss sm pp d -s sbj m, s pps y mss d ss d

sbds d s, b s s d d (175). Idd, s

s, Gs s p s d s bg

g , s, s bg m d mp

sbds s. Lk mss ss d

sbds s, Gs psd ps (py

s) d s bg b s sbj

. Ws g gs sd ys gs, s Gds d, ss d ps m bjs, sp-

s dy p s p. Adgy, s d

ms sd , , d sgd d s s

. As, Politics, d. Es, 1.2, 6.8; As, Nicomachean Ethics, d. Rkm,8.12.7; d Lmb, A pps, 337.. Gs s by ppsd d (17879).. As, Nicomachean Ethics, d. Rkm, 9.10.. Gs s ppsd ss mg s gds, dg pg-

m gm mg -k d s xd ds d -s. H, dd dsps d b g mg kk, pdd y sy d, s d bg sm g gd (s s p) d p sm g (18486).


42/56


jd ms d. F ps, p bs m m

p (s gs pd y bg

smg k mss) d s m, ss, m my. I , d, p pds pys-

, m, , d sp p d g, bs

gs ys dp m mp m p m, s

g m d d. Cd sd , , d

sp s d ms d b sbj m, g Gs

bd ms d s spg s

gy g d ds ps. T

d sd b sbj s d ms pdd Gs

gds s bj ss mg ps d, s d ps s mpb

dds b d b sbds d s (8, 61, 166, 174, 176, 185,

19092, 21045, 293, 337, 37071).

Ag sd ps d, Gs s

s s sp s sg m g d yg

b sbj d. Ts pp s y xpss -

spy s m pd s d m

xp ks d dds gs. I s js s psb pps sd b d by s, s d,

p y, sd, d spkg sm, sd

b gd y by ps b s by s d s d

d y m g y ms s d

mpssb. F s, s y y d y,

yg sd b d sg gs, s s mgs

kd m, s s d y sm ss (5051,

22630, 236, 331).

Ws bds d bss d by s, msy m dsdg d s, s d , m-

s, d s s m ssy m y yg d

mpssb (21922, 23435, 297). I s spy mp d

sd b bd s d ds g

, gg py s ds m

. As, Nicomachean Ethics, d. Rkm, 8.12.23. Gs dssss pd

s g p ms d ms (293), sGy Vs, Poetria nova, s. Mg F. Nms (, 1967), 49.. As, Politics, d. Es, 7.14, 7.17. O psb d sb ds

s, s Rgby, Wisdom and Chivalry, 9397.


43/56


pm b y dy y b ds d s sd b

sbj s (24243).

Gs py dmd s gm b yg bgd by ds dpd As

y s ddd pss sdg y, dsdg d g

d, b m, px , p m g. I

s mdd g m ms ky pssss s s

yg d d s kg yp s, g d-

ds mdd-gd my, p, pssss p pps d

s ps ys (14050). Lgy, s -p sm sd

d dd b yg d d sd, g,

b sbj s pk my. I p, , Gs dd s s b sd smpy gd s sm

kygs d ps sd b d ms, d s psd bk

by q sdm g d g y s

dds s As, p ds y (137, 316).

IX

G Gs gdd sbd sm gs s s -b d dy dd, , ps, sy, s dy

spsg , k As, gdd bd sbmss s

s g sps s ky . Idd,

Gs, js gs, by sbjs bd ,

ss mpss s qs pp b my, s

gs dy qs mp p sps.

W s js d b d, d sy d b

dsyd by sd (5458, 28082).

As s, Gs ss bd s ppg s s d m

pd s ss s, d s s pmg mm gd

, d d k. Adgy, s sd b bd

sbds, d s d ds, d ss d s

mss, y sd b s sy bd

. As, O Us, 401; As, O Y, Od Ag, L, D dRsp, Te Complete Works o Aristotle, d. Bs, 1:761; D, Il Convivio, d. Cd,4.23.416; M E. Gd, From Birth to Old Age: Te Human Lie Cycle in Medieval Tought,

12501350 (Lm, Md., 1989), 39, 105; d B, Te Ages o Man, 511.. As, Politics, d. Es, 1.7.. As, Nicomachean Ethics, d. Rkm, 5.1.1520; Aqs, Commentary on

Aristotles Nicomachean Ethics, d. Lzg, 895912.


44/56


y dsd mmds y b g (129, 175,

24243, 274, 382).

H, Gss s b bd s pps msy s sbjs d s s, sy xp

m d m sp d bd d m,

s s sp s py ky pk g p

p. As p d g (s ppsd

y) s d s sbjs , y s s zs

s ms bsyss sd b bd kyg

d d bkg s s: m s gd sy s bd

p d ym s. E s y b

s sd b bd ds y mss yg s m s gd p b s b sg (24243, 38790).

Gss mpss bd md m y q gs

s gs y b. Apg Wbs sss

d g m p gm y,

gd s d s bsd s, sg

ms m sbsd sg. H, smy p s bms,

s , kyd, s g p dm

sp g. Nss, Gs dd d sd b md s y y s, s,

d s b sd (31819, 331, 360, 38083, 409).

Csqy, s dy ky b ssps bd,

ssg sbs yy sm, Gs gd

, , bd kg d s s s dm b s m

dm (non est servitus sed libertas). Lk Ss, d gd

s s s d by b s m

s s s psss, Gs md s s bspp dsby ms kyd. Pdxy,

s s bd kg y . S bd

p sbj, s s m m sdm s qd

b , s pb d spd , s ss sy

m, gs m pspy d sy s zs, d

. As, Politics, d. Es, 2.8; Mx Wb, Economy and Society, 2 s. (Bky,1978), 1:215, 22641.

. Egds Rms, De regimine principum (1482), 3.2.34.. Esk, Te Hellenistic Stoa, 44, 54, 56; S, O Cmy, Te Stoic Philosophy

o Seneca, s. Hds, 163; Aqs, Commentary on Aristotles Nicomachean Ethics, d. Lzg,3940.


45/56


s m b md d gds

y sks p s sbjs m g (7, 11, 73, 24243,

34042, 38790, 396).

Sbjs sd d pkg by byg s mmds, by dg m d

m, by spg s pg gs, d by sgdg s my d

s m. I sd mmds pys sks

bg bdy , m m sd by ps

s bg mmy p d ss (38890)?

S bd sd b y dd p d

mm p bg mpsd p g sbjs, s s

by y (335). F Gs, dsbd d b ssd

d py ss m sq dsd dm dsp. As s, s yy s g, dg

yy my b pb ms s m b bd

p d bk s (38889).

X

I s sss bd d d, Gs ssmd -

s sy d b zd by m b smmbs, sbsm s d p bg pps

y s d s . Nss, Gs dd xp s -

my b sy d s, m g sy,

s g b s ys by m (305, 353, 359). H zd

s dsd ds ys s m s ks s-

y b d g. Ag p m,

k m gds, ms ky m sps

gms pssss d gs, sp d g-s m g ss s b ggd d s s. Ts s

spy ky s m d y s s

d, py s m d gd mss s m y

y y . M s ky s d qs,

js s d sps, s y d b ms s s

ps: ks [ps] ks d sms

sms. Idd, Gs s s mg d p s

. As, Politics, d. Es, 5.10.. O ss m sy d g s d dgs

m, s Aps ds Cs Phys, y sk p s m jyg pss.


46/56


bg py dgs s d p d (135, 31415, 347,

350, 356, 389). Csqy, s d mg d my

s y g ms b dd d k pd m, b s by zs b p d d s b m

pd (316, 35051, 39497). Fg d x s

s p bg d d mk s sbjs m bd

(349). I s s b dd by p gy g

f s mgs mb m ppg f s d

s gg ds mgs s xdd m (308).

H, mgs d p s py p-

s sy, s spy ky s b d

p. As Gs, g As, dmd, g, y (valdedivites) b ms sb ds p, b

d dsps, gg, d ppss m s. Smy,

y p (valde pauperes) d sby ds

d mgy, b d mk ds d s. Ty

s kkd d g ds , yg m

d skg d ys y mg s d py s

gd d . I y p, y d

, js s d g m (386). Lks, -by g s b mss d ss s gds

Gs ppsd mm ppy d s qy, gg

s s sm zs s b s, d

b m ky z s sbj (3056).

Gs sggsd p mds s b

d p. T s, s s, s ps mk s

d p d bs ps by ppssg s b

m (317, 396). T sd s p s y by mpy-g s mg sbd b zs d sppss sgs

sbjs d ss gs s s b m. Oy y

sks dd s sbjs d s m gs d

. F s g C, s Sp H. Rgby, Sy d Ps, S Es, d.,An Oxord Guide to Chaucer(Oxd, 2005), 2649, 3845.. As, Politics, d. Es, 2.5.. Egds Rms, De regimine principum (1482), 3.2.33; As, Politics, d. Es,

4.11. F s md Egd, s Rgby, English Society, ps. 24; J W

d Sp H. Rgby, Egd: S C d Pp Ps, Rgby, d., A Companion,6586; d Sp H. Rgby, S S d Em Cg L Md Egd, Rsmy Hx d Mk Omd, ds., Cambridge Social History o England, 12001500(Cmbdg, U.K., 2006), 130, 23, 2022.


47/56


s s p (342, 396). Fy, g As, Gs gd

mms ms d , p, d s b,

s my s ms ky b d s g mb m pss (persone medie) s mmbs ss d y

dsps p d m b qy

. H, g zd Pss gms

qy zs, ss d s sg ms by

s s s s m sm m q mgs

m (38587).

T s Gs s g sd s g-

m , s, dm y s m s d by

y. Uk my md p ks, Gs dd C xpy gg , ssy, y d b

s psy s d s. Y, bs yy s

gm d , bd s ky d b

gy dd by y. Hm kss ms , p,

y kgs pm sm s yy, s y s

gd d mp s sg s s dg

s sd sp (343, 351). Nss,

kg s xssy y, s ky pps x- m d b m s sg dsy. Adgy, dsp

s sss s bd, py p s

b, d dgs ky s m dsbd,

Gs dd g y m yy s b pd

s d by b. R, k Aqs, Gs md sm-

py sm yds sm yds my b ss

sd by sbjs dsbd . Ts

p s xy m yy s b d y ps (38789). Ws dd xpy d g y,

Gs, As, C, d my md p ks,

dd d yy d ys dsy s, s s b

g dd d by gs ss m s sbj :

m y s, s s g b (25, 11720, 32829,

. Egds Rms, De regimine principum (1482), 3.2.3; d As, Politics, d. E-s, 4.11.. C, On Duties, d. Gf d Aks, 107, 111; d Rgby, Wisdom and Chivalry,

18283.. As, Politics, d. Es, 3.17.. Aqs, O Py Gm, A. P. Es, d., Selected Political Writings

(Oxd, 1959), 1.6 (d by bk d s).


48/56


33238, 34049). By s, Gs s ss mb b b

by ks sy. Js s ms, g y,

b s b ms d s g gs m, s zs mmy s s

b sgs m (73, 263).

XI

Gss De regimine principum s mp pd mps js-

qy b s d d, b s sss,

d b mmbs sd. Y, s x dss s s-

pg, s ys p b d gs gd p ss my spsd s g . Idd,

s b sd s ms mpssb m p

sys dm dgy mkg s ps bd

m dm dgy. Cy, sps Gs Rms g,

p s Cs mpss spy sp gdss

m d m b b, d p

b p ppss Gs ms d dy ppd. I

p, , Gs ms pd d md py d- mps s gms s , dmg

dg k d De regimine principum, y -

y m bs .

I dy ds sg , s md gs, Gss -

xs d jdgg gs sp d s

s bg sp m bjs d bdy. Adgy, dpd

d g , s sy Mds sd, y s

y s gds bdy b s ddsd gd s (10, 1829, 50). Y, dd d m s

y gs sd b sd jd, sd b

dspssssd . O s, m sd b s msy s

. As, Nicomachean Ethics, d. Rkm, 4.5.7; As, Politics, d. Es, 5.10;C, On Duties, d. Gf d Aks, 71; d Rgby, Wisdom and Chivalry, 183.. As, Politics, d. Es, 1.5, 1.8.. Rb Lpsy d M Wsk, Film Teory: An Introduction (Ms, U.K.,

1988), 6366; d Sp H. Rgby, Hsy, Dss d Pss Pdgm: A R Hsgpy?, History and Teory45 (2006): 11920.

. Ns Abmb, Class Structure and Knowledge (Oxd, 1980), 40. F mdxmps, s Os, Literature and Pulpit in Medieval England, 290361; d Rgby, English Society,31016.. Bs, Te Consolation o Philosophy, d. S ., Bk 3.


49/56


gdy y bm ss psssss ps

ds sp m bj. Nss, sp

s m d m s y d yms ds d s ppy (7678, 25960). Rs my bg

y , b, k gds s s p,

s , m, d bdy , y gm ss pp-

ss d bssg m Gd, pdd y sd s ms

g d s d bg d s d

mss. I gds ss gd

s, s s d s s ms by

mg, d s pssss mg s s s

d s d dds (1829, 85, 104, 122, 15354, 17475, 187,25254, 26465).

Ts, sd pdg sp p s, Gs, k

md mss, gd s pssssd dp

ppp d , sg s y b dd

y d mm gd g d s g

s pd mp (15255, 3056). S ks

dd m sd b y, b y sd

b s. I s s s g, s m y mss, b xss d mmd s

kd d Dyss Sy d yy (76, 11920). Gs

s b mz ds Cs spy

y md s qy by g s sm gs s

gd gs pssss m s. As Gs sd,

s psssss mss b s s

d m (314).

Gs mpd sm b, d, Cs b sp qy ms (G. 3:28; C. 3:11)

d, , s p s spy s

b ss. H, dsgsd yps by gd-

ss. Fsy, s d by s ssd s

bd, ss, d y my d p d ms d my

m. I p, pp sdd b y m

g bd s m d myy d d ym. I s

mg m, gy d by s b d bd

. E Ck, Is d Lg Rspss Bggg Md Egd,Social Science History26 (2002): 44773, 451.


50/56


gdd ss. S by, k ss dss, s bsd

ppyy d yg () pp (150, 28081).

Sdy, , dd s d gd, s sp- by gdss s spss s -

s d gd s d gdss ms (28081). F Gs,

s pssss s s d by g s kgdm

zs m s smpy , p, d

b k (385). I smy g , C s y dy

Wie o Baths al q pssg m Bk 4 Ds Convivio

bsd p De regimine principum, , s s, s

by m, d spp gm by s

s s gss/As s dsdd d ss b s pm g dds (III 110910, 1115).

Y, p, js s y s s C s g

s dsm mp y dys b pmy

m b b, s y d p Gss ds-

b s by d m gy s ms mm-

dy d by s m , , s b bd ,

g, s m b ms pp, xps

mm q kds by (28081). F Gs, sby d m spy d b d m ss.

Fsy, sm y ms b m ms d -

ms m ms, s my gd m m gd m

d s m m s m. I s b

s d mkyg b mk, s p

y yg, d s pysy mp, pd d s b

bdy, md, d s, ps gd-kg

d.

I gdss s dpd pd s s ss ds d ms m, s y s

. F D, s 26. S s M K, Nobles, Knights and Men-at-Arms in theMiddle Ages (Ld, 1996), 187222.

. Sp Kg, Georey Chaucer (Oxd, 1986), 103; d Ms, Fallible Authors,31532.. As, Politics, d. Es, 1.7.. F s s, d bs y db s dgs m, Gs m-

mdd m sd y d dds d y s g ysd. H, y d bg ms p d y y-g ys d.

Smy, m sd dy p y pysy y g, myms y sd b gd s y-, g my b spd m my b s g (19596, 233). S s As, Politics, d. Es, 7.16; d B, TeMeasure o Multitude, p. 12.


51/56


sms b b, s s pbb m by d s

gy b kd. Ts b ss s m ky

b sp ms s s sp sm d, s gd mpx bdy ds b kd

pssss s s dspsd, mkg m s d b

d s m pdspsd ds m (4748, 15051,

189, 195, 281).

Sdy, s d gdss s d, -

d s b s d sk m ss

ss, mgmy, d mg. I p,

s b ss mmy pb y ms y

m smd mm dds m, b sds b xmp s. Ts sy s s d bs s

kd , s, sds b d g

m m, s sy bg smpy m gd ms

b s bg kd s by, mg, mp-

, sy, d by. Idd, gss d bss ms

d s: s pbs , s

sy s , s ss d p

sd dspy s gd ms. By s, s (rustici), d sy , d b bss (s) d byds (s s-

ds) (43, 9798, 15052, 211, 28083, 333). Smy, bs g m

(nobiles) g d ds d s

s (rurales), y ky mk b gs s y

m smd b. Ts s d by gm

gy s d m sy s d s s ,

m pys sg, dd y b, spy

md mb, g pys sg s my mkm m sb gg (4023).

Iy, , Gss m by s s dds

s g s py g s mps, p, s

y b dpy s b jsy d s spy

s b bd, y dy m dds

ss b (153, 38487). Gs k gd

ps, g ss bd, d s s s m

s d b bd. Smy, s ys,

. Egds Rms, De regimine principum (1482), 1.4.5.. Egds Rms, De regimine principum (1482), 3.3.5.


52/56


s s d s p d bs, bs,

d gm s s x d by gd s

g my b sd, g s bs bsd ss d bdpd dsp d, ds b, (53, 123, 18687,

33940, 347, 350). Lks, ss y Gs gd gs s-

ys s d d bg d mm by s zs s s

gm d q d sm kpyg, s

qy dg bsdy g m sd b dspsd

d p m d pss sd b sppd (3014). I s

s y sy sm pp sd b ssgd dd

d s g ps d , s b s

dys y b s s m b d s k ds (306, 311). I pg gmy

d qg s d m by, Gs s s b -

b spy gs sp p

mpy qs , p, d ss. H s sd

As sbgy, by m bs, sm

m mkd sbj, s , Cs-d

m mp, by ps d bs dsd

bg p mss my sp m (17,4951, 73, 101, 110, 119, 124, 17778, 212, 244, 28182, 385, 395).

Nss, p, dsssg xs p

sd, De regimine principum ds sy

ssssm sp b sps d s, mk-

dy s s s yss. As s, Gs

sy psd sps b s sps d s s

bg b b ps. Ts s y s s

d ms s ms m s.Fsy, kdy s ( s

pd s ss sdm), Gs d As sg s

sp s bg , d s d s mxmzg

mm gd. Sdy, Gss gm s sd

g qs s d d d s m

. Gs s gd s gms mp bs m d s g s d pysy smbd m. Ws d d bg

d mm d s d d my s, dms m s d, g y, d d g s (3024).. As, Politics, d. Es, 1.5.. As, Politics, d. Es, 1.5.


53/56


y pdd m dy ssssm ps sd

d by As. Tdy, Gs s s my

mercenarius s g js, mm xg b ps, s, y, s s psd by m s bg ps-

y s (3, 5051, 17071, 176, 19394, 24445, 26263, 27172, 27377,

28485, 36770, 382, 399400).

H, ypd gss Gss ss

Assm s d m m g z

sp b ms d s. As s, Gs gd

sd, s msm y, s ms g:

g pm sbd by y s d

s, d g by gs s d d-g s b gd d. H, s Gs pd

, s s d m , y

my, s, gym dspm y, , s

s g p, gs dg s , b k

g ds s s p s b

m. Spsgy, Gs gd , k p xsd by

p d, dmm xsd by ms s

ss s d s gd d p d gd dp. I , ms bms m k y s

s sg p gs mm gd

(21314, 333). I bdy sg g p

d dsp p ms s s, Gs

As, d gd s ms

d s b xpd d b ps, p,

pps s smms s.

H, ms Gs md b dsp mss p s ss dds y sd s-

b s p sp, b s s g k

qs p gdd s bg ssy d b

m sy. As sd, m mmy b s s

dd b b sm d sm p s -

d d sm s d sy d sm sg d bd (175).

Ts, k Ags, Gs, g -y ks,

. As, Politics, d. Es, 1.6.. Egds Rms, De regimine principum (1482), 2.2.3; d Kg, d., Wimbledons

Sermon, 81 (s 31517).. As, Politics, d. Es, 1.57.


54/56


s ppd p dm sm pp s (

dsp y) d xsd b F, bg, As

ms, xpss m d ms mg bs mds. A F mys s s by ms s

ys dg dm xsd by sm m s

b sd s ps p ssy Ags d

d libido dominandi, b, ss, sps s sk

s sbj m d y. As s, g Gs

md ms s s xsd ms-

s dd b, sd s sp

b p d d, s s gm s, -

ss, sm sg s kyd d s s spd s sbd ps (27375).

XII

I De regimine principum Gs Rm ppd p

y d pd js by qy

s xs: m d, g p sp,

s d, d sd, d dd s d m bjs. Y, k ms psp bss, p

d s dd pms m -

ss ssy d . R, Gss As ps-

py d p y pdd by y d

(d dy) ps d b gmd. Ts

aristotle for aristocrats and poets - giles of rome's de regimine principum as theodicy of privilege

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