argument & persuasive techniques from: holt literature 8 th grade
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ARGUMENT & PERSUASIVE TECHNIQUES
From: Holt Literature8th Grade
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QuickWrite
What does it mean to “state your case”?
When did you successfully “state your case” and get something you wanted? Explain how you succeeded; what did you do?
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What is Argument?
You argue effectively when you present a case provide support for your case anticipate objections and give counter-
arguments
Read the article “French Fries” P. 983. What claim is the author making? What support does he provide for his
case?
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Argument Terms Thesis- the position of the essay; the speaker
states his/her point of view on the issue.
Example: While facts are certainly a necessary part of learning, the opportunity for creative, individual thinking is an essential part of the academic process, and must not be overlooked.
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Argument Terms Assertion/Claim - an opinion which is stated
as a fact. You can argue for or against the claim, but MUST always back it up with support.
Example: Students should put their academic work above all other considerations.
Example:: The Texas 10% college admission rule is unfair to students who attend the top academic colleges.
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Argument Terms Concession/counter-argument- to consider
the opposite point of view.
Example: Some students believe that grades are unfair. They argue that no grade can accurately reflect a student’s understanding. They believe that we should abolish the numerical grading system.
Example: It is true that some teenagers abuse their privileges. A few teens drive recklessly. Some act without thinking.
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Argument Terms Rebuttal- to provide evidence that discredits
the concession you’ve made to the other point of view. The speaker shows why, through evidence, his/her argument is stonger.
Example: However, stronger examples exist that prove my claim.
Example: Many teens contribute to volunteer organizations, demonstrating their responsibility. Many teens study hard to achieve good grades, demonstrating their motivation to succeed.
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Rhetorical/Persuasive Styles
Ethos: based on the speaker’s character. An ethos-driven essay relies on the author’s reputation.
EX: http://www.rpi.edu/dept/llc/webclass/web/project1/group4/commercial.html
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Rhetorical/Persuasive Styles
Pathos: based on emotion/feelings. Advertisements tend to be pathos-driven.
EX: http://www.rpi.edu/dept/llc/webclass/web/project1/group4/env.html
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Rhetorical/Persuasive Styles
Logos: based on logic or reason. Documents distributed by companies or corporations are logos-driven. Scholarly documents are also often logos-driven.
EX: http://www.rpi.edu/dept/llc/webclass/web/project1/group4/research.html
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Persuasive Techniques with Examples
How do people persuade us? What appeals do they use?
Bandwagon- appeals to our desire to belong Ethical- appeals to our sense of right/wrong Fear- appeals to our desire to be safe/healthy Pity- appeals to our compassion/caring for others Loaded Terms- Using strong emotional (positive or
negative) language
EXAMPLE “from Against Competition”
Can you identify the appeal that is used?
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Analyze Persuasive Text“Should the Driving Age be Raised to 18?”
Read the article p.986. Fill in the chart with the claim made, the
appeal used, and the support/evidence given.
Study the poster p. 987. Fill in the chart with the claim made, the
appeal used, and the support/evidence given.
Answer the question at the bottom of the chart.
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Analyze Persuasive Text“Should the Driving Age be Raised to 18?”
Claim Made Type ofAppeal
Evidence Given
Editorial
Poster
Which text is most successful at persuading you? Explain why it works.
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Timed Writing- 15 minutes Write an Opinion Statement (a statement of what
you feel or believe) and give 3 pieces of evidence to support your opinion. Avoid logical fallacies!
1 Paragraph: introduce your claim, body support your claim with 3 pieces of evidence or reasons, conclusion where you summarize your opinion.
Prompt: “Should students at TMS be allowed to use cell phones during the school day on campus?”