ARGENTINA SITE

JECAMJoint Experiment for Crop Assessing

and Monitoring

Paticipants: Carlos Di Bella Diego de Abelleyra

Santiago Verón Alejandro Thompson

JECAM Objectives:

The goal of JECAM is to reach a convergence of approaches, develop monitoring and reporting protocols and best practices for a variety of global agricultural systems.

JECAM will facilitate the comparisson of results of crop monitoring based on different sources of data and methodologies over a variety of global cropping systems

JECAM proposal for Argentina

Production Systems in the Argentina Pampas

- Mostly no till systems in rainfed conditions- Principal soil use:

- Winter crops: Wheat, Barley- Summer crops: Soybean, Maize, Sunflower- Grasslands and Pastures

Study Site: San Antonio de Areco

- Location: 100 Km from Buenos Aires- Representative rural area of the Argentine Pampas- Part of the ondulated pampa (gently slopes and rivers). - Soils: composed mostly of Mollisols (Deep surface layer with high organic mater content) being one of the most productives zones of Argentina

Buenos Aires

70 Km

20 Km

100 Km

San Antonio de Areco

Producción SOJA (Tn)

0

10000000

20000000

30000000

40000000

50000000

60000000

2000 /01 2001 /02 2002 /03 2003 /04 2004 /05 2005 /06 2006 /07 2007 /08 2008 /09 2009 /10

Producción TRIGO (Tn)

0

5000000

10000000

15000000

20000000

2000 /01 2001 /02 2002 /03 2003 /04 2004 /05 2005 /06 2006 /07 2007 /08 2008 /09 2009 /10

SOYBEAN Production (Tn) WHEAT Production (Tn)

Rendimiento SOJA (Kg Ha-1)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

2000 /01 2001 /02 2002 /03 2003 /04 2004 /05 2005 /06 2006 /07 2007 /08 2008 /09 2009 /10

Rendimiento TRIGO (Kg Ha-1)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

2000 /01 2001 /02 2002 /03 2003 /04 2004 /05 2005 /06 2006 /07 2007 /08 2008 /09 2009 /10

SOYBEAN mean yield (Kg/Ha) WHEAT mean yield (Kg/Ha)

Superficie SOJA (Ha)

0

5000000

10000000

15000000

20000000

2000 /01 2001 /02 2002 /03 2003 /04 2004 /05 2005 /06 2006 /07 2007 /08 2008 /09 2009 /10

Superficie TRIGO (Ha)

0

1000000

2000000

3000000

4000000

5000000

6000000

7000000

8000000

2000 /01 2001 /02 2002 /03 2003 /04 2004 /05 2005 /06 2006 /07 2007 /08 2008 /09 2009 /10

SOYBEAN harvested area (Ha) WHEAT harvested area (Ha)

Crop Production = harvested area x mean yield

Crop production statistics at national level in Argentina (2000-2010). MINAGRI

Interanual variability in crop production

variablity in planted area of each crop

variability in crop yield

Environmental situation (drought, water excess)

Crop management practices

In addition to available optical information, RADAR systems, because of their ability to obtain images independently of cloud conditions, assure the acquisition of images in the key periods that determine crop yields.Nevertheless, studies that relates RADAR indices and crop status are not as frequent as what was done with optical sensors.

Estimate parameters that describe wheat and soybean growth and algorithms that allow the identification of different crop species in the Argentine Pampas through the integration of information derived from optical and RADAR systems.

Main objective of Argentine JECAM Site:

1. Estimation of biophysical parameters in wheat and soybean crops

2. Crop type and tillage system classification, and phenological events identification

- High frequency of in situ observations and image aquisitions- Smaller area

- Lower frequency of in situ observations and image aquisitions- Larger area

Objectives at Argentina site:

Intensive data collection area

Extensive data collection area

70 Km

20 Km

San Antonio de Areco

Crop Calendar in Argentine Pampas

WHEAT

MAIZE

SOYBEAN

J J A S O N D J F M A M J

Extensive data collection timing and required image acquisitions

Intensive data collection timing and required image acquisitions (wheat and soybean crops)

RADAR:X band: TerraSAR XC band: RADARSAT-2, ENVISAT ASARL band: ALOS PALSAR

Optical:LANDSAT 5MODISALOS AVNIR-2ALOS PRISMLISS 3-4AWIFSHJ1-Hyperspectral

Image Data required:

Field campaign measurements carried out during 2010-2011

Measurements on wheat (august to november 2010) and early and late soybean crops (november 2010 to april 2011):

Measurements over fallow plots:

- Crop biomass- Crop water content- Crop Height- fAPAR- Crop cover / LAI- Crop phenology- Gravimetric soil moisture (0-5 cm)

Additional measurements: row direction, row space, in situ soil moisture sensors with dataloggers

Measurement frequency: 24 days aprox.

- Green cover - Gravimetric soil moisture (0-5 cm)

Intensive data collection

Wheat / Late SoybeanWheat / FallowFallow / Early Soybean

Plots:

Intensive data collection area - Field Campaign 2010/2011

Measurements every 24 days from august 2010 to april 2011

Extensive surveys:

- August / September 2010: Identification of winter crops, fallow and grassland areas and Identification of conventional ploughing plots

- October 2010: Identification of heading in wheat fields

- January / February 2011: Identification of summer crops (maize, soybean, sorghum)

Extensive data collection area - Field Campaign 2010/2011 -

Surveys:- Crop type- Tillage system- Phenological state (wheat heading)

Images acquired at San Antonio de Areco during

2010-2011

RADARSAT-2 acquisitions (C band) - Extensive Field Campaign 2010/2011

* Available at CCRS catalogue

Main acquisition periods:- October 2010- December 2010- February 2011- March 2011

RADARSAT-2 acquisitions (C band) - Intensive Field Campaign 2010/2011

* Available at CCRS catalogue

Acq. DateBeam Mode

Pass Dir

04/23/2011FQ16 Ascending

02/27/2011FQ21 Ascending

02/03/2011FQ21 Ascending

01/30/2011FQ21 Descending

01/23/2011FQ16 Descending

01/10/2011FQ21 Ascending

01/06/2011FQ21 Descending

12/17/2010FQ21 Ascending

12/13/2010FQ21 Descending

12/13/2010FQ21 Descending

11/30/2010FQ16 Ascending

11/23/2010FQ21 Ascending

11/19/2010FQ21 Descending

11/12/2010FQ16 Descending

11/06/2010FQ16 Ascending

10/30/2010FQ21 Ascending

10/26/2010FQ21 Descending

10/26/2010FQ21 Descending

ALOS PALSAR (L band) acquisitions – Field campaign 2010-2011

Beam Mode

Off Nadir Angle

StartPath Number

Frame Number

PLR 21.5APR-11-2011 86 6500

FBS 34.3FEB-17-2011 91 6490

FBS 34.3JAN-31-2011 90 6490

FBS 34.3JAN-02-2011 91 6490

PLR 21.5NOV-24-2010 86 6500

FBD 34.3OCT-02-2010 91 6490

FBD 34.3SEP-15-2010 90 6490

FBD 34.3AUG-17-2010 91 6490

FBD 34.3JUL-02-2010 91 6490

* Available at ALOS catalogue

Other obtained images - Field Campaign 2010/2011

- LANDSAT 5 TM: Paths/Rows: 226-84 & 225/84- daily MOD09 & MYD09: 250 m resolution- EO-1 ALI (August 2010)

LANDSATTiles

Preliminary results

175 200 225 250 275 300 3250.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

Early wheatEarly wheat MOD13Late wheat

Late wheat MOD13

julian date

ND

VI

Daily MODIS 250 m – Wheat fields – San Antonio de Areco

Original data

175 200 225 250 275 300 3250.00

0.25

0.50

0.75

1.00

Early wheat - BRDF corr.Early wheat MOD13Late wheat - BRDF corr.

Late wheat MOD13

julian date

ND

VI

BRDF corrected data

Sowing dates:Early wheat: 06/09/2010 (161)Late wheat: 07/15/2010 (197)

Future activities:

- RADAR image analysis (availabilty of RADARSAT-2 images required)- Continue analyzing relations between crop parameters and image derived information (optical and RADAR indices)- Add RADAR information to improve typical land use classifcations perfomed with optical images (LANDSAT)- MODIS BRDF correction validation

Thank you!

Obrigado!