area calculations

DIFFERENT FORMULAE

1. Kg Vs Cm

1 Cement Bag = 50 Kg 1 Squre =1 Cement Bag = 1.25 Cft

1 Acre =1 Cft Cement = 40 Kg

1 Kanal =93 Kg Cement = 2.325 Cft

1 Marla =2.325 Cft Cement = 0.065827 Cm

1 Cft Cement = 0.028313 Cm

1 Cm Cement = 35.32 Cft

Speed1 km/h =

32 km/h =48 km/h =64 km/h =80 km/h =96 km/h =

112 km/h =128 km/h =144 km/h =160 km/h =

Fuel4.55 litres =9.09 litres =

18.18 litres =27.28 litres =36.37 litres =45.46 litres =54.55 litres =63.64 litres =

Fuel3.79 litres =7.57 litres =

15.14 litres =22.72 litres =

30.29 litres =37.86 litres =45.43 litres =53.00 litres =

Weight0.454 Kilograms =0.907 Kilograms =1.361 Kilograms =1.814 Kilograms =2.268 Kilograms =4.536 Kilograms =6.350 Kilograms =9.072 Kilograms =

25 Acres

8 Kanals

20 Marlas

225 Sq. Feet

0.625 mph Miles per hour20 mph Kilometers per hour30 mph40 mph50 mph60 mph70 mph80 mph90 mph

100 mph

1 Gallos(UK) litres2 Gallos(UK) Gallos(UK)4 Gallos(UK)6 Gallos(UK)8 Gallos(UK)

10 Gallos(UK)12 Gallos(UK)14 Gallos(UK)

1 Gallos(US) litres2 Gallos(US) Gallos(US)4 Gallos(US)6 Gallos(US)

8 Gallos(US)10 Gallos(US)12 Gallos(US)14 Gallos(US)

1 Pounds litres2 Pounds Gallos(US)3 Pounds4 Pounds5 Pounds

10 Pounds14 Pounds20 Pounds

Sheet 5 of 19

Unit Conversion Tables

Inch (") Millimeters (mm) Feet (')

0.039 1 25.400 3.281 1

0.079 2 50.800 6.562 2

0.118 3 76.200 9.843 3

0.157 4 101.600 13.123 4

0.197 5 127.000 16.404 5

0.236 6 152.400 19.685 6

0.276 7 177.800 22.966 7

0.315 8 203.200 26.247 8

0.354 9 226.600 29.528 9

0.390 10 254.000 32.810 10

Miles Kilometers (km) Yards (yd)0.621 1 1.609 1.094 11.243 2 3.219 2.187 21.864 3 4.828 3.281 32.485 4 6.437 4.375 43.707 5 8.047 5.468 53.728 6 9.656 6.564 64.35 7 11.265 7.658 7

4.971 8 12.875 8.752 85.529 9 14.484 9.846 9

6.210 10 16.090 10.940 10

10.764 1 0.093 1.196 121.528 2 0.186 2.392 232.292 3 0.279 3.588 343.056 4 0.372 4.784 453.819 5 0.465 5.98 564.583 6 0.557 7.176 675.347 7 0.650 8.372 786.111 8 0.743 9.568 896.875 9 0.836 10.764 9

107.640 10 0.930 11.960 10

35.315 1 0.028 1.308 170.629 2 0.057 3.616 2

105.943 3 0.085 3.924 3141.258 4 0.113 5.232 4176.572 5 0.140 6.54 5211.887 6 0.170 7.848 6247.201 7 0.198 9.156 7282.516 8 0.227 10.464 8

Square Feet (ft2) Square Meters (m2) Square Yards (yd2)

Cubic Feet (ft3) Cubic Meters (m3) Cubic Yards (yd3)

Sheet 6 of 19

317.83 9 0.255 11.772 9

353.150 10 0.280 13.080 10

Ounces (oz) Pounds (lb)0.035 1 28.350 2.205 10.071 2 56.699 4.409 20.106 3 85.049 6.614 30.141 4 113.398 8.819 40.176 5 141.748 11.023 50.212 6 170.097 13.226 60.247 7 198.447 15.432 70.282 8 226.796 17.637 80.317 9 255.146 19.842 9

0.350 10 283.500 22.050 10

Gallons (gall) Liters (l) Pints (pt)0.22 1 4.544 1.761 10.44 2 9.087 3.521 20.66 3 13.631 5.282 30.88 4 18.174 7.043 4

1.101 5 22.718 8.804 51.321 6 27.262 10.564 61.541 7 31.805 12.325 71.761 8 36.349 14.086 81.981 9 40.892 15.847 9

2.200 10 45.440 17.610 10

The key figures printed in the center column, can be read as either metric or imperial.Example1 meter = 1.094 yards1 yards = 0.914 meters

Grammes (g)

Sheet 7 of 19

Unit Conversion Tables

Meters (m)

0.305

0.610

0.914

1.219

1.514

1.829

2.134

2.438

2.743

3.050

Meters (m)0.9141.8292.7433.6584.5725.4866.4017.3158.230

9.140

0.8361.6722.5083.3454.1815.0175.8536.6897.525

8.360

0.7651.5292.2943.0583.8234.5875.3526.117

Square Meters (m2)

Cubic Meters (m3)

Sheet 8 of 19

6.881

7.650

Kilograms (kg)0.4540.9071.3611.8142.2682.7223.1753.6294.082

4.540

Liters (l)0.5681.1361.7042.2722.8403.4063.9764.5445.112

5.680

The key figures printed in the center column, can be read as either metric or imperial.

Sheet 9 of 19

Metric Conversion

Length Weight1 millimeter (mm) = 0.0394 ins 1 gramme (g) (1000 mg)1 meter (m) (1000 mm) = 1.0936 yds 1 pound (lb) (16 ounces)1 Kilometer (km) (1000 m) = 0.5214 mile 1 ton (2240 pounds)1inch = 25.4 mm 1 US ton1yard (36 inches) = 0.9144 m 1 metric tonne1mile (1760 yard) = 1.6093 km 1 hundred weight (cwt)

Area Power= 1.1960 square yds ins 1 horsepower (hp)= 2.4711 acres 1 Kilowatt (kw)= 0.3851 square mile

1square yard (9 square feet) ==

1 square meter (m2) (10000 cm2)1 hector (he) (10000 m2)1 square Kilometer (km2) (100 hectors)

0.8361 m2

1acre (4840 yard2) 4046.9 m2

Sheet 10 of 19

Metric Conversion

= 0.0353 oz= 0.4536 kg= 1.0161 tonnes= 2000 lb= 2200 lb= 112 lb

= 0.0353 oz= 0.4536 kg

AREAS FOR VARIOUS COMPONENTSBASHA DIAMER DAM PROJECT

Legends = INPUTSOUTPUTS

1. NEAC PROPOSALS

DIVERSION TUNNELS

AREA7 m A1

A1 = 76.96921 m

A2 = a*b 19614 m

A2Total Area= A1+A2 272.969

14 m0.65

POWER TUNNELS

AREA = 50.2658 m

25.13274

ELEVATOR SHAFT

4 m

AREA = a x b 16.000

4 m

1. MONENCO PROPOSALS

DIVERSION TUNNELS

AREARadius 8.75 m 8.75 m

Dia 17.5 m A1 17.5 m A1 = 240.528

A2 A2 = Say 8

10 mTotal Area= A1+A2 248.528

(πD2)/8

(πD2)/4

(πR2)

POWER TUNNELS

AREA 56.7458.5 m

Tail Race TUNNELS

AREA3.43 m A1

A1 = 18.42618.5 m

A2 = a*b 103.263715.08 m

A2Total Area= A1+A2 121.690

6.85 m

(πD2)/4

(πD2)/8

0.33 0.98 7.48

Sheet 14 of 19

Engr. Farooq Bhutta 03-03-2004

PROPERTIES OF AREAS


Sr.No. Name Sketch Area I or Ic

Formula Value Formula Value Formula Value

b

1 Rectangle4

bh 16.00 2.00 Ic=(bh3)/12 21.334

h

2 Triangle 10 (bh)/2 25.00 3.33 Ic=(bh3)/36 138.89

b5

D 38.48 3.50 117.863 Circle 7

I r 3.5

4 Semi-Circle 19.24 1.49 58.937

5 Ellipse 3

h (πbh)/4 23.56 1.50 13.2510

6 Semi-Ellipse h 1.5 (πbh)/4 11.78 0.64 6.63I

10

35

7 Prabola h (2bh)/3 10.00 1.13 107.14I

Location ofCentroid

Yc Yc=h/2

Ic

Yc=h/3

Yc

Ic (πD2)/4 Yc=D/2 Ic=(πD4)/64

Yc

Yc (πD2)/8 Yc=(4r)/(3π) I=(πD4)/128

Ic

Yc Yc=h/2 Ic=(πbh3)/64

Yc Yc=(4h)/(3π) I=(πbh3)/16

Yc Yc=(3b)/8 I=(2bh3)/7

Ic h

D

b

b

b

Sheet 15 of 19


1.80Xc Xc=(3b)/5

Sheet 16 of 19


GEOMETRIC ELEMNTS OF CHANNEL SECTIONS


Name Sketch

Formula Value Formula Value

1 Rectangle5

BY 50.00 B+2Y 20.00

10

2 Trapezoid 10 (B+ZY)Y 600.00 84.72

2

40

50.00 22.36

3 Triangle 52

4 Circle 124.33 (1/2)θD 9.08

15 θ 10

218

5 Prabola 5

(2/3)TY 33.33 58.33

10

0.5 -0.61573.804824.42048

28.125124.326

Sr.No.

Area(A)

Wetted Perimeter(P)

B+2(Y2+(ZY)2)0.5

ZY2 2Y(1+Z2)0.5

(D2/8)(θ-sinθ)

T+((8Y2)/(3T))

B

Y

T

z Y

B

T

11

zY11

T

T

Y

DY

T

Sheet 17 of 19



Formula Value Formula Value Formula Value Formula

BY 2.50 B 10.00 Y 5.00

B+2Y

(B+ZY)Y 7.08 (B+2ZY) 80.00 (B+ZY)Y 7.50

(B+2ZY)

2.24 2ZY 20.00 1/2 Y 2.50

(1/4)(1-(sinθ/θ)D 3.77 D(sin(θ/2)) 12.25 D (θ-sinθ) 18.45

or θ(Sin(θ/2))

14.14

0.57 3A 5.00 (2/3) Y 6.67

2Y

Hydraulic Radius(R=A/P)

Top Width(T)

Hydraulic Depth(D)

Section Factor(e)

B(Y)1.5

[ (B+ZY)Y ] 1.5

(B+2Y)x(1+Z2)0.5 (B+2ZY)0.5

ZY 2 (1/(1/2)0.5) Z(Y)2.5

2Y(1+Z2)0.5

((2)0.5/32)*[(θ-sinθ)1.5D2.5]

[(sin(θ/2))0.3]

2 (Y(D-Y))0.5

2 T 2 Y (2/9)(6)0.5 T (Y)1.5

3T2+8Y2

Sheet 18 of 19



Value

111.80 Area = 50.0000 square ft., Perimeter = 30'-0.00"



228998.54 Area = 15476.13 square in. (107.4731 square ft.), Perimeter = 43'-7.91"

Area = 2545.58 square in. (17.6777 square ft.), Perimeter = 29'-1.71"

Area = 9970.77 square in. (69.2415 square ft.), Perimeter = 33'-5.57"Area = 25446.90 square in. (176.7146 square ft.), Circumference = 47'-1.49"

86.07

Section Factor

Sheet 19 of 19


PROPERTIES OF SOLID BODIES


Sr.No. Name Sketch Volume

Formula Value Formula Value

h10

1 Cylinder 196.35 5.00

D 5

h10

2 Cone 65.45 2.50

D 5

D 179.59 3.503 Sphere 7

r 5.0

4 Hemi-Sphere 26.18 1.88

10

h15

5 Praboloid

589.05 5.00D 10

Location ofCenter of Mass

Yc (πD2h)/4 Yc=h/2

Yc (1/3)((πD2h)/4) Yc=h/4

(πD3)/6 Yc=D/2

Yc

Yc (πD3)/12 Yc=(3r)/8

Yc

(1/2)((πD2h)/4) Yc=h/3

D

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