Are you smarter than a 3Are you smarter than a 3rdrd grader?grader?

Science reviewScience review

What is another name for a valuable mineral such as a

diamond or ruby?• gem

• coal

• topaz

• Igneous rock

• gem

What is water that is held in rocks and soil below ground called?

• groundwater

• aqueducts

• Fresh water

• reservoirs

• groundwater

Which mineral property is identified by the color of the powder left

behind when it is rubbed across a surface?

• Hardness

• Streak

• Color

• luster

Streak

What are the impressions that living things leave behind in the mud

called?• Casts

• Remains

• Fossils

• imprints

• imprints

Which part of the soil works like a sponge?

• Bedrock

• Humus

• Subsoil

• Sand

• Humus

• A resource that can be used over and over is a(n) __________.

• Renewable resource

• Tiny bits of rock or dead plant and animal matter is called __________ .

• sediment

• A rock that is formed from layers of sediment is a(n) __________.

• Sedimentary rock

• Harmful things in the air cause __________.

• pollution

• Melted rock cools and hardens, forming __________.

• Igneous rock

• Making resources last longer is called __________.

• conservation

• A material on Earth that is necessary or useful to people is a(n) __________.

• Natural resource

• Energy from the sun is called __________.

• Solar energy

• Salt is a type of __________.

• mineral

• A resource that takes millions of years to form and cannot be easily replaced is a(n) __________.

• Nonrenewable resource

• Use the following vocabulary terms:– Igneous rock– Metamorphic rock– Sedimentary rock

Classify the following rocks:granitesandstoneslate

– Igneous rock = granite– Metamorphic rock = slate– Sedimentary rock = sandstone

Three layers of soil:Topsoil – Subsoil - Bedrock

• Which level of soil is rocky and would be the most difficult to reach? Why?

• Bedrock is the most rocky layer of soil and it would be the most difficult layer to reach because it is the deepest in the ground.

• Why is it important for farmers to prevent erosion?

• It is important for farmers to prevent erosion because they need topsoil to grow plants. If the topsoil is eroded, farmers won’t have good soil to grow their plants.

• Coal and gas are two of the United States’ main sources of energy. What is one problem with using these fossil fuels?

• One problem with coal and gas is that they are nonrenewable resources.

• Another problem with coal and gas is that they must be burned when used and this creates pollution.

• Many people are considering alternative forms of energy. What alternative form of energy do you think would be best for the environment? Why?

• Example answers:– Solar energy would be good for the

environment because the sun is always there, and it doesn’t create much pollution.

– Energy from wind would be good for the environment because it is a renewable source of energy and it doesn’t pollute like burning fossil fuels.

• Some animals live in soil. How can animals benefit the soil where they live?

• Example answers:– Animals can benefit the soil by adding

nutrients. For example, cows leave manure which gives nutrients to the soil.

– Worms help the soil by creating little tunnels in the soil that makes room for air.

– Chickens can help the soil by scratching around. This moves the soil around just like how farmers move the soil with tools.

• You live in an area with very little water. There is a water source several miles away. Describe one way you could move the water from its source to where it is needed.

• Possible answer:– People could build an aqueduct system to

move water from one place to another. They would build pipes and water could go in those pipes to the place with very little water.