Are You Interested in Skin?

• We are conducting research into normal variation of human skin pigmentation.

• We need volunteers to participate in non-invasive research that will record their skin color by a variety of techniques

• Participation will only take approximately 30 minutes

• If you are interested in participating in this research please contact:

Ania Swiatoniowski Aks222@psu.edu 814.863.0018

– Wednesday Dec 2nd 4:30pm-7:00pm – 107 Carpenter– Tuesday Dec 8th 4:30pm-7:00pm – 107 Carpenter

ColombiaColombian 35.3n 35.3

CamerooniaCameroonian 68.4n 68.4

CambodiaCambodian 39.6n 39.6

Chinese Chinese 29.429.4

Chilean Chilean 34.334.3

Irish Irish 21.221.2

DominicaDominican 42.1n 42.1

Georgian Georgian 34.334.3

Ethiopian Ethiopian 61.661.6

Egyptian Egyptian 35.735.7

Ghanaian Ghanaian 63.563.5

Tunisian Tunisian 30.230.2

ItaliaItalian n 33.833.8

PortuguesPortuguese 28.6e 28.6

Polynesian Polynesian 30.830.8

Polish Polish 26.626.6

Japanese Japanese 28.728.7

Indian Indian 40.840.8

IraniaIranian 35.5n 35.5

RussiaRussian 25.6n 25.6

SwedisSwedish 26.7h 26.7

Mexican Mexican 34.434.4

Kazakh Kazakh 30.130.1

Brazilian Brazilian 32.432.4

Native Native American American 33.533.5

Filipino Filipino 33.533.5

SalvadoraSalvadoran 39.0 n 39.0

World-Wide Variation in Skin Color

African-American Melanin FrequenciesMexican Melanin Frequencies

European-American Melanin Frequencies

What plans would you pursue to bring about greater SOCIAL

EQUALITY?

AFFIRMATIVE ACTION

What are we really talking about?

…and most beneficiaries of AA

programs have been women!

…and most beneficiaries of color are from the middle class !

Trading Schools

School in Vietnam

AFFIRMATIVE ACTION

• GIVING SOMEONE A BENEFIT OR AN ADVANTAGE, SOLELY ON THE BASIS OF SOME IDENTIFIED CRITERIA, THAT THEY WOULD NOT NORMALLY RECEIVE

NEPOTISM:

• GIVING SOMEONE A BENEFIT OR AN ADVANTAGE, SOLELY ON THE BASIS OF SOME IDENTIFIED CRITERIA, THAT THEY WOULD NOT NORMALLY RECEIVE

Primary problem with nepotism:

Most of us think we deserve something because we’re better than others.

SOME 829,000 HIGH SCHOOL SENIORS WERE ASKED ABOUT THEIR ABILITY TO GET ALONG WITH OTHERS.

THE RESULTS WERE:

25% saw themselves among

the top one percent of“sociable” people

60% rated themselves among

the top ten percent0% rated themselves below

average in the ability to

get along with others

IN ANOTHER SURVEY, FLORIDIANS WERE ASKED ABOUT CONSERVATION OF WATER AND HOW MUCH THEY DO AS COMPARED TO THEIR NEIGHBORS.

THE RESULTS:

• Depending on the county, 89 to 97% felt as though they DO ENOUGH to conserve water.

• And, depending on the county, 87 to 97% felt as though their neighbors COULD DO MORE to conserve.

WE GENERALLY PERCEIVE OURSELVES AS:

More intelligent than others

Better looking than others

Less prejudiced than others

More honest than others

WHAT FOLLOWS IS A COMPARISON

OF HOW PEOPLE

PERCEIVE THEIR

ADHERENCE TO THE TEN

COMMANDMENTS IN

RELATION TO OTHERS

Do Not Take the Lord’s Name in Vain

• I FOLLOW – 64%

• MOST OTHERS FOLLOW – 15%

Worship None Before God

• I FOLLOW – 64%

• MOST OTHERS FOLLOW – 22%

Honor Your Mother and Father

• I FOLLOW – 95%

• MOST OTHERS FOLLOW – 49%

Do Not Kill

• I FOLLOW – 91%

• MOST OTHERS FOLLOW – 71%

Attend Services on Holy Days

• I FOLLOW – 86%

• MOST OTHERS FOLLOW – 45%

Do Not Commit Adultery

• I FOLLOW – 90%

• MOST OTHERS FOLLOW – 54%

Do Not Steal

• I FOLLOW – 88%

• MOST OTHERS FOLLOW – 33%

Do Not Bear False Witness

• I FOLLOW – 76%

• MOST OTHERS FOLLOW – 23%

Do Not Covet Your Neighbor’s Spouse

• I FOLLOW – 84%

• MOST OTHERS FOLLOW – 42%

Do Not Envy Your Neighbor’s Possessions

• I FOLLOW – 81%

• MOST OTHERS FOLLOW – 49%

2007 incoming college students were asked to rate

their physical health

• 64.1 percent of males placed themselves in the “highest ten percent” category

• 42.6 percent of females did so

I deserve what I get when it’s something that I want!

AA exists to combat “indirect institutional discrimination”

~ the kind that is indirect, unintentional, and hidden

TYPES OF Affirmative Action:

• preferences

• economic and social aid

• job training and educational assistance

• quotas

COMMON “PROBLEMS” RELATED TO AFFIRMATIVE ACTION:• It gives people unfair advantages• It gives people something they didn’t

work for• Less qualified (or unqualified) people

move ahead of those who are more qualified

• The abilities of all PofC are questioned• It discriminates against whites and men

COMMON “PROBLEMS” RELATED TO NEPOTISM:

• It gives people unfair advantages• It gives people something they didn’t

work for• Less qualified (or unqualified) people

move ahead of those who are more qualified

• The abilities of all PofC are questioned• It discriminates against whites and men

What does Obama think about affirmative action?

• That discrimination still exists

• That AA in some form is necessary

• That ALL affirmative action should be linked to social class and economic circumstances

Mexican guy

REDEFINING DIVERSITY

Georgia Court ruling on affirmative action at the University of Georgia

“Diversity cannot be defined by race alone”

Diversity programs must take into account all talents, life experiences, and other factors that apply to Whites as well as people of color