Are You Counting Your Calories??

Clark BoothbyIlana BucholtzAlison Greco

CafeteriaNutrition Facts

Application•Obesity is a major problem in America

• According to the American Heart Association, more than 9 million Americans between the ages of 6 to 19 are considered overweight

•The school district and country wants children to live a healthier lifestyle and acquire better eating habits, but at the same time is promoting unhealthy choices especially in the cafeteria

•We wanted to discover the types of decisions CB South students make when buying lunch.

Food Calories

French Fries (3 oz.) 180

Cheeseburger 380

Chicken Sandwich 410

Pasta w/ Tomato Sauce 308

Chocolate Chip Cookie 130

Fountain Drink (12 oz.) 192

Sample Calorie Count

**Info. obtained from Sodexho food service and calorieking.com**

Procedure•Observed 30 students from each lunch for a total of 120 students

•To ensure randomization, we recorded data for every third person in the lunch line

A Lunch B 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 B 6 B 7 B 8 B 9 B 10 B 11 B 12 B 13 B 14 B 15HamburgerCheeseburger X XFries X X X X X X X X X X 2 X XChx Sand X XNachos MC MCPasta w. sauce X X X Xgarden salchx cae sal.tuna salchx wraphoagie Xchx fingers X X Xpizzastrombolitacos 2 2bagelroll X X w/ Butjello Xpudding Xcake 2soft pretzel Xchipsfruit Xside pastacookie 3cerealwater icesoupfountain drink X X X X X X X X X X X X X

milk CHOC CHOCwater juiceiced teaCALORIES 934 1054 1082 872 752 1162 632 758 728 632 772 962 972 872 782

•2 independent SRS•2 Normal Populations

Or

302

301

n

n

Assumptions

21:

21:0

aH

H

22

11

21

ns

nsxx

6106.99713.117/455.4 dft

T= = 4.455

P=

Two Sample T-

Test

Conclusion

We reject Ho in favor of Ha because p-value 9.6 X 10^-6 is < α=.05.

We have sufficient evidence that boys consume more calories than girls during

lunch in the cafeteria.

DAaHDAoH

:

:

22

11

21

ns

nsxx

1712.658.47/9588. dft

T= -.9588

P=

Two-Sample T-Test

Avg. cal. A lunch: 855.2Avg. cal. D

lunch:910.867

We fail to reject Ho because p-value .1712 is > α=.05.

We have sufficient evidence that the average amount of calories consumed during A lunch is equal to the average amount of calories consumed during D

lunch.

Conclusion

•SRS•Normal Population

or n 30

Assumptions

845:

845:

aHoH

ns

x

51088.363/845 dft

T= = 4.2285

P=

One Sample T-

TestObserved avg. cal. consumed by boys: 970.0625

ConclusionWe reject Ho in favor of Ha because p-

value 3.88 X 10^-5 is < α=.05.

We have sufficient evidence that the average amount of calories boys consume

during lunch is greater than 845.

Confidence Interval

2.1029,96.910*

ns

tx

We are 95% confident that the average amount of calories

consumed by boys in lunch is between 910.96 and 1029.2

calories.

Min:527

Q1:809.5

Median: 938

Q3:1104

Max:1652

Box and Whisker Plot

Calories consumed by boys during lunch.

Test for Outliers

Q3 + (1.5)(IQR) = 1104 + (1.5)(294.5) = 1545.75 Yes, there is at least one outlier in the upper range of the data.

Q1 – (1.5)(IQR) = 809.5 – (1.5)(294.5) = -432.485 No, there are no outliers in the lower range of the data.

645:

645:

aHoH

3678.5

ns

x

55/3678.5 dft

T=

P=

One Sample T-

TestObserved avg. cal. consumed by girls: 791.0357

71024.8

ConclusionWe reject Ho in favor of Ha because p-

value 8.24 X 10^-7 is < α=.05.

We have sufficient evidence that the average amount of calories consumed by

girls during lunch is greater than 645.

56.845,51.736*

ns

tx

We are 95% confident that the average amount of calories

consumed by girls during lunch is between 736.51 and 845.56

calories.

Confidence Interval

Box and Whisker Plot

Min:120 Q1:

635Median:787

Q3:932

Max:1152

Calories consumed by girls during lunch.

Test for Outliers

Q3 + (1.5)(IQR) = 932 + (1.5)(297) = 1377.5 No, there are no outliers in the upper range of the data.

Q1 – (1.5)(IQR) = 635 – (1.5)(297) = 189.5Yes, there is at least one outlier in the lower range of the data.

0100200300400500600700800900

1000

Expected Calories Consumed

Expected Calories ConsumedObserved Calories Consumed

Observed vs. Expected Calories Consumed

Possible Errors• Students buy additional items from vending

machines • Students may bring food from home

• Students may be buying a lunch to share with a friend

•“Healthier” food items such as salads may run out after the first couple lunches

•Calories are not always exact and we did not take into account condiment s such as ketchup or

honey mustard

Conclusion•Our results were what we expected. In general, students are consuming more at lunch than is recommended for their age group.

•Most cafeteria food is somewhat high in caloric content and therefore students are forced to consume more calories even if they are selecting smaller portion sizes.

•If you want to follow a healthier lifestyle it is best to stay out of the cafeteria line and pack your own lunch.

•Even with our results, we have a feeling that students will continue to buy the addictive, greasy, and salty fries!