are there really jobs americans won’t do?are there really jobs americans won’t do? a detailed...

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Center for Immigration Studies

1629 K Street, NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC 20006 • Phone 202.466.8185 • Fax 202.466.8076 • www.cis.org

C I S

CIS Letterhead_Layout 1 7/26/12 4:34 PM

May 2013

This analysis tests the often-made argument that immigrants do only jobs Americans don’t want. If the ar-gument is correct, there should be occupations comprised entirely or almost entirely of immigrants (legal and illegal). But Census Bureau data collected from 2009 to 2011, which allows for detailed analysis of all

472 separate occupations, shows that there were only a handful of majority-immigrant occupations. Thus, there really are no jobs that Americans won’t do. Further, we estimated the share of occupations that are comprised of illegal immigrants, and found that there are no occupations in which the majority of workers are illegally in the country.

Among the findings:

• Of the 472 civilian occupations, only six are majority immigrant (legal and illegal). These six occupations ac-count for 1 percent of the total U.S. workforce. Moreover, native-born Americans still comprise 46 percent of workers even in these occupations.

• Many jobs often thought to be overwhelmingly immigrant (legal and illegal) are in fact majority native-born:- Maids and housekeepers: 51 percent native-born- Taxi drivers and chauffeurs: 58 percent native-born- Butchers and meat processors: 63 percent native-born- Grounds maintenance workers: 64 percent native-born- Construction laborers: 66 percent native-born- Porters, bellhops, and concierges: 72 percent native-born- Janitors: 73 percent native-born

• There are 67 occupations in which 25 percent or more of workers are immigrants (legal and illegal). In these high-immigrant occupations, there are still 16.5 million natives — accounting for one out of eight natives in the labor force.

• High-immigrant occupations (25 percent or more immigrant) are primarily, but not exclusively, lower-wage jobs that require relatively little formal education.

• In high-immigrant occupations, 59 percent of the natives have no education beyond high school, compared to 31 percent of the rest of the labor force.

Are There Really Jobs Americans Won’t Do?A detailed look at immigrant and native employment across occupations

By Steven Camarota and Karen Zeigler

Steven A. Camarota is the Director of Research and Karen Zeigler is a demographer at the Center for Immigration Studies.

1629 K Street, NW, Suite 600 • Washington, DC 20006 • (202) 466-8185 • [email protected] • www.cis.org

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• Natives tend to have high unemployment in high-immigrant occupations, averaging 14 percent during the 2009-2011 period, compared to 8 percent in the rest of the labor market. There were a total of 2.6 million unemployed native-born Americans in high-immigrant occupations.

• Some may think that native-born workers in high-immigrant occupations are mostly older, with few young natives will-ing to do such work. But 34 percent of natives in these occupations are age 30 or younger, compared to 27 percent of natives in the rest of labor force.

• It is worth remembering that not all high-immigrant occupations are lower skilled. For example, 36 percent of software engineers are immigrants as are 27 percent of physicians.

• A number of politically important groups tend to face very little job competition from immigrants (legal and illegal). For example, just 10 percent of reporters are immigrants, as are only 6 percent of lawyers and judges and 6 percent of farmers and ranchers.

Estimates of Illegal Immigrants

• We find that there are no occupations in the United States in which a majority of workers are illegal immigrants.

• Illegal immigrants work mostly in construction, cleaning, maintenance, food service, garment manufacturing, and ag-ricultural occupations. However, the overwhelming majority of workers even in these areas are native-born or legal im-migrants.

• Although illegal immigrants comprise a large share of workers in agriculture, farm workers are only a tiny share of the total labor force. Consistent with other research, just 5 percent of all illegal immigrants work in agriculture.

Discussion

Immigration overall. The table at the end of this report uses the American Community Survey (ACS), 2009 to 2011, to show the share of each occupation that is comprised of immigrants (legal and illegal) and natives.1 Immigrants (or the foreign-born, as the Census Bureau refers to them) are individuals residing in the United States who were not American citizens at birth. The data presented here make clear that the often-made argument that immigrants only take jobs Americans don’t want is mistaken. Looking at the most detailed level of analysis possible there are very few occupations that are majority im-migrant — just six out of 472.2 Moreover, these occupations are quite small, accounting for a tiny share of workers.

The American economy is dynamic, and it would be a mistake to think that every job taken by an immigrant is a job lost by a native. Many factors impact employment and wages. But it would also be a mistake to assume that dramatically increasing the number of workers in these occupations as a result of immigration policy has no impact on the employment prospects or wages of natives. To talk about the labor market as if there were jobs done entirely or almost entirely by immigrants is not helpful to understanding the potential impact of immigration on American workers. It gives the false impression that the job market is segmented between immigrant and native jobs. This is clearly not the case.

It is important to understand that the possible impact of immigration on the labor market opportunities of natives is not confined to those who are in the labor force. The ACS shows nearly 40 million native-born Americans ages 18 to 65 not in the labor force. It is very possible that one of the ways immigration impacts natives is by reducing the share who are employed or in the labor force at any one time.

This analysis focuses on the nation as a whole. Of course, the immigrant share of occupations will vary significantly at the state and local level. However, we live in a national economy in which workers can and do move to higher-wage and lower-

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unemployment areas over time. Of native-born native adults, 14 percent changed addresses in just the last year. Moreover, 38 percent live outside of their state of birth.3 In its magisterial 1997 study of immigration, the National Research Council concluded that the effects of immigration are likely to be national in scope. Capital, labor, goods, and services can all move. This means that the impact of immigration is not confined to only those areas of the country where immigrants settle.4

Illegal Immigrants. In addition to reporting the share of each occupation that is foreign-born, the table at the end of this report also reports an estimate for the share of each occupation that is comprised of illegal immigrants. We include in our es-timate only those illegal immigrants captured by the American Community Survey. Prior research indicates that perhaps 10 percent of illegal immigrants are missed by the ACS.5 Illegal immigrants tend to be concentrated in a relatively modest num-ber of occupations. There are 22 occupations out of 472 in which illegal immigrants comprise 20 percent or more of workers.6

There are 5.6 million natives in these high-illegal-immigrant occupations, 70 percent of whom have no education beyond high school. In contrast, in occupations that are made up of 10 percent or fewer illegal immigrants, 70 percent of natives have educa-tion beyond high school. This suggests that the impact of illegal immigration on wages and employment opportunities will be felt most by less-educated natives. More-educated natives will tend to avoid competition with illegal immigrants.

Methodology

The data for this analysis come from the public-use file of the combined three-year sample of the American Community Survey (ACS) for 2009 through 2011. The ACS public-use file is enormous, allowing for detailed analysis by occupation. The file includes almost 4.5 million individuals in the civilian, non-institutionalized labor force, about 630,000 of whom are im-migrants. Persons in the labor force are either working or looking for work. Like almost all the labor force statistics reported by the government, we confine our analysis to civilians 16 years of age and older not in institutions. The immigrant popula-tion, which can also be referred to as the foreign-born, is defined as persons living in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. In the ACS this includes people who responded to the survey that they are naturalized American citizens, legal permanent residents (green card holders), illegal aliens, and people on long-term temporary visas such as students or guest workers. It does not include those born abroad of American parents or those born in outlying territories of the United States, such as Puerto Rico. Prior research indicates that some 90 percent of illegal immigrants respond to the ACS.7

By design our estimate of the illegal immigrant population matches the overall figures from the Department of Homeland Se-curity. We purposefully match published DHS estimates for 2009 to 2011 by gender, country, age, state of residence, and year of arrival.8 However, estimating the illegal immigrant share by detailed occupations is still open to some significant uncertainty. Therefore, we report a range for the illegal share in each occupation in order not to convey a false sense of specificity.

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End Notes1 Figures include those employed in the occupation and those who are unemployed and who indicated that their last job was in that occupation.

2 Between 2009 and 2010, the Census Bureau reclassified occupations. Because the dataset for this analysis spans the years 2009 through 2011, the occupation variable has to reflect this change. We used the “Crosswalk” provided by the Census Bu-reau to create occupational categories that are consistent for all years. To eliminate duplicate categories, older occupational codes that only changed code number were simply reported under the new codes. Also recoded were newer codes that could easily be placed into original code groupings. This includes 4 percent of the sample. About 1 percent of the sample did not have a straightforward re-code. These were coded into new categories using a main grouping strategy. For example, the older code for Public Relations (value 2820) was grouped with the new Public Relations category (value 2825) and not new Market Research Analyst (value 0735). The Census Bureau occupational Crosswalk can be found here.

3 Figures are from the 2009-2011 public-use file of the American Community Survey.

4 James P. Smith and Barry Edmonston, eds., The New Americans: Economic, Demographic, and Fiscal Effects of Immigration, Washington, DC: National Research Council National Press, 1997.

5 The Department of Homeland Security estimates a 10 percent undercount of illegal aliens in Census Bureau data. See Table 2 in Michael Hoefer, Nancy Rytina, and Bryan Bak, “Estimates of the Unauthorized Immigrant Population Residing in the United States: January 2011”, Office of Immigration Statistics Policy Directorate, Department of Homeland Security, March 2012.

6 Although we report ranges for the illegal share of each occupation, we do have point estimates and these figures reflect those point estimates.

7 See end note 4.

8 To distinguish legal from illegal immigrants in the survey this report uses citizenship status, year of arrival in the United States, age, country of birth, educational attainment, sex, receipt of welfare programs, receipt of Social Security, veteran status, and marital status. We use these variables to assign probabilities to each respondent. Those individuals who have a cumulative probability of 1 or higher are assumed to be illegal aliens. The probabilities are assigned so that both the total number of illegal aliens and the characteristics of the illegal population closely match other research in the field, particularly the estimates developed by the Department of Homeland Security. This method is based on some very well established facts about the characteristics of the illegal population. For example, it is well known that illegal aliens are disproportionately young, male, under age 45, and have few years of schooling, etc. Thus, we assign probabilities to these and other factors in or-der to select the likely illegal population. In some cases, we assume that there is no probability that an individual is an illegal alien. For example, veterans, those who directly report they receive a welfare program, Cubans, and several other categories are assumed not to be illegal immigrants. We further took into account whether a particular occupation is highly regulated and licensed (e.g. doctors and pharmacists), and/or if it requires background checks and screening (e.g. security and law enforcement.)

The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) estimate for 2009 through 2011 can be found here. The Pew Hispanic Center has estimated 11.2 million illegal immigrant population as of March 2010 based on the CPS. This includes an adjustment for those missed by the survey. Older studies by the INS and Census Bureau are also available. An INS report found seven mil-lion illegal aliens in 2000 and an annual increase of about 500,000. A Census Bureau report estimated eight million illegals in 2000. (Appendix A of Report 1 contains the estimates).

http://www.census.gov/people/io/methodology/

http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=5779

http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/statistics/publications/ois_ill_pe_2011.pdf

http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/statistics/publications/ois_ill_pe_2011.pdf

http://www.dhs.gov/publications-0

http://www.pewhispanic.org/2011/02/01/unauthorized-immigrant-population-brnational-and-state-trends-2010/

http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/statistics/publications/Ill_Report_1211.pdf

www.census.gov/dmd/www/ReportRec2.htm

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Table 1. Immigrant and Native Share of Occupations 2009-2011

OccupationCensus Code

Source: 2009-2011 public-use files of the American Community Survey. The occupational shares include those employed and those unemployed who indicated the occupation of their most recent job. a See text for explanation of illegal immigrant estimates.

Native Share

ImmigrantShare

Estimated Illegal

Immigrant Sharea

Native Unemployment

Rate

Total Natives in

Occupation

Total Immigrants

in OccupationSample

Size

6040

4520

6460

8320

6050

8350

4230

6330

8310

1650

2860

9640

9140

8750

6510

6420

1760

6240

8800

8300

7810

4250

8330

8460

GRADERS AND SORTERS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS

MISCELLANEOUS PERSONAL APPEARANCE WORKERS

PLASTERERS AND STUCCO MASONS

SEWING MACHINE OPERATORS

MISCELLANEOUS AGRICULTURAL WORKERS, INCLUDING ANIMAL BREEDERS

TAILORS, DRESSMAKERS, AND SEWERS

MAIDS AND HOUSEKEEPING CLEANERS

DRYWALL INSTALLERS, CEILING TILE INSTALLERS, AND TAPERS

PRESSERS, TEXTILE, GARMENT, AND RELATED MATERIALS

MEDICAL SCIENTISTS, AND LIFE SCIENTISTS, ALL OTHER

MISCELLANEOUS MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION WORKERS

PACKERS AND PACKAGERS, HAND

TAXI DRIVERS AND CHAUFFEURS

JEWELERS AND PRECIOUS STONE AND METAL WORKERS

ROOFERS

PAINTERS, CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE

PHYSICAL SCIENTISTS, ALL OTHER

CARPET, FLOOR, AND TILE INSTALLERS AND FINISHERS

PACKAGING AND FILLING MACHINE OPERATORS AND TENDERS

LAUNDRY AND DRY-CLEANING WORKERS

BUTCHERS AND OTHER MEAT, POULTRY, AND FISH PROCESSING WORKERS

GROUNDS MAINTENANCE WORKERS

SHOE AND LEATHER WORKERS AND REPAIRERS

MISCELLANEOUS TEXTILE, APPAREL, AND FURNISHINGS WORKERS, EXCEPT UPHOLSTERERS

63%

59%

56%

52%

52%

52%

49%

47%

46%

46%

46%

42%

42%

40%

40%

40%

39%

39%

39%

38%

37%

36%

36%

36%

37%

41%

44%

48%

48%

48%

51%

53%

54%

54%

54%

58%

58%

60%

60%

60%

61%

61%

61%

62%

63%

64%

64%

64%

40%-46%

9%-15%

35%-45%

20%-26%

37%-43%

25%-31%

22%-28%

34%-40%

25%-31%

<1%

11%-16%

21%-27%

6%-12%

11%-17%

29%-35%

23%-29%

<1%

21%-27%

18%-24%

15%-21%

17%-23%

23%-29%

12%-23%

15%-25%

26%

8%

27%

16%

16%

8%

15%

29%

16%

2%

7%

21%

10%

7%

25%

23%

3%

21%

18%

12%

12%

20%

12%

16%

29,459

109,975

18,922

109,943

438,258

42,817

853,288

92,838

30,939

71,216

52,464

304,114

213,489

23,911

152,288

387,610

115,481

119,543

184,106

140,013

178,906

948,256

5,965

18,744

50,723

161,224

23,991

120,346

478,956

46,479

815,024

83,694

26,608

60,448

44,392

218,952

153,504

16,208

102,808

254,317

75,306

77,259

116,057

85,025

107,046

543,410

3,410

10,704

2,245

7,005

973

6,740

28,175

2,638

43,407

4,174

1,499

3,956

2,734

13,510

9,445

1,168

5,974

16,041

5,994

4,844

7,914

5,875

7,531

38,239

281

787

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Table 1. Immigrant and Native Share of Occupations 2009-2011 (Cont.)


Native Share

ImmigrantShare

Estimated Illegal

Immigrant Sharea

Native Unemployment

Rate

Total Natives in

Occupation

Total Immigrants

in OccupationSample

Size

1020

4000

8860

7800

8950

6260

7720

6600

6220

1800

4140

8400

6250

3260

1400

9350

6400

1700

7710

7850

4130

6005

7610

4020

4400

8920

8450

SOFTWARE DEVELOPERS, APPLICATIONS AND SYSTEMS SOFTWARE

CHEFS AND HEAD COOKS

CLEANING, WASHING, AND METAL PICKLING EQUIPMENT OPERATORS AND TENDERS

BAKERS

HELPERS-PRODUCTION WORKERS

CONSTRUCTION LABORERS

ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONICS, AND ELECTROMECHANICAL ASSEMBLERS

HELPERS, CONSTRUCTION TRADES

BRICKMASONS, BLOCKMASONS, AND STONEMASONS

ECONOMISTS

DISHWASHERS

TEXTILE BLEACHING AND DYEING, AND CUTTING MACHINE SETTERS, OPERATORS, AND TENDERS

CEMENT MASONS, CONCRETE FINISHERS, AND TERRAZZO WORKERS

HEALTH DIAGNOSING AND TREATING PRACTITIONERS, ALL OTHER

COMPUTER HARDWARE ENGINEERS

PARKING LOT ATTENDANTS

INSULATION WORKERS

ASTRONOMERS AND PHYSICISTS

AIRCRAFT STRUCTURE, SURFACES, RIGGING, AND SYSTEMS ASSEMBLERS

FOOD COOKING MACHINE OPERATORS AND TENDERS

MISCELLANEOUS FOOD PREPARATION AND SERVING RELATED WORKERS

FIRST-LINE SUPERVISORS OF FARMING, FISHING, AND FORESTRY WORKERS

HELPERS--INSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR WORKERS

COOKS

GAMING SERVICES WORKERS

MOLDERS, SHAPERS, AND CASTERS, EXCEPT METAL AND PLASTIC

UPHOLSTERERS

36%

36%

36%

35%

35%

34%

34%

34%

34%

33%

33%

32%

32%

32%

32%

32%

32%

32%

31%

31%

31%

31%

31%

30%

29%

29%

28%

64%

64%

64%

65%

65%

66%

66%

66%

66%

67%

67%

68%

68%

68%

68%

68%

68%

68%

69%

69%

69%

69%

69%

70%

71%

71%

72%

<1%

5%-11%

18%-28%

13%-19%

15%-21%

19%-25%

7%-13%

20%-26%

18%-24%

≤1%

18%-24%

11%-21%

20%-26%

<1%

≤1%

5%-12%

18%-24%

<1%

≤10%

12%-23%

14%-20%

11%-17%

14%-24%

15%-21%

≤3%

11%-17%

11%-17%

4%

11%

20%

9%

24%

25%

16%

32%

28%

2%

24%

10%

30%

2%

5%

16%

20%

3%

10%

11%

16%

8%

20%

16%

10%

11%

14%

580,861

236,206

6,386

137,939

39,652

1,247,772

115,247

54,368

125,380

17,719

230,031

9,039

56,607

14,232

42,694

61,371

34,436

8,737

7,992

8,788

272,614

42,613

18,930

1,712,093

81,111

26,494

29,330

329,750

132,129

3,544

73,132

20,969

646,866

59,302

27,813

63,516

8,736

112,140

4,341

26,633

6,674

19,887

28,425

15,944

4,040

3,644

3,946

121,075

18,896

8,337

750,752

32,767

10,568

11,608

26,082

9,083

275

5,564

1,548

49,002

5,039

2,065

4,872

858

8,696

382

2,092

664

1,760

2,194

1,266

390

324

351

10,243

2,119

740

63,932

3,188

1,028

1,191

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Native Share

ImmigrantShare

Estimated Illegal

Immigrant Sharea

Native Unemployment

Rate

Total Natives in

Occupation

Total Immigrants

in OccupationSample

Size

4530

9610

3060

1720

8220

6500

8340

4220

1410

1240

6230

7840

4030

8810

5500

8960

1010

4610

6710

8710

8510

8760

7830

7750

1006

4830

310

1060

BAGGAGE PORTERS, BELLHOPS, AND CONCIERGES

CLEANERS OF VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT

PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS

CHEMISTS AND MATERIALS SCIENTISTS

MISCELLANEOUS METAL WORKERS AND PLASTIC WORKERS, INCLUDING MILLING AND PLANING MACHINE SETTERS,

REINFORCING IRON AND REBAR WORKERS

SHOE MACHINE OPERATORS AND TENDERS

JANITORS AND BUILDING CLEANERS

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS

MISCELLANEOUS MATHEMATICAL SCIENCE OCCUPATIONS, INCLUDING MATHEMATICIANS AND STATISTICIANS

CARPENTERS

FOOD BATCHMAKERS

FOOD PREPARATION WORKERS

PAINTING WORKERS

CARGO AND FREIGHT AGENTS

OTHER PRODUCTION WORKERS, INCLUDING SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSORS AND COOLING AND FREEZING EQUIPMENT OPERATORS

COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS

PERSONAL CARE AIDES

FENCE ERECTORS

CUTTING WORKERS

FURNITURE FINISHERS

MEDICAL, DENTAL, AND OPHTHALMIC LABORATORY TECHNICIANS

FOOD AND TOBACCO ROASTING, BAKING, AND DRYING MACHINE OPERATORS AND TENDERS

MISCELLANEOUS ASSEMBLERS AND FABRICATORS

COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS

TRAVEL AGENTS

FOOD SERVICE MANAGERS

DATABASE ADMINISTRATORS

28%

28%

27%

27%

27%

27%

27%

27%

26%

25%

25%

25%

25%

25%

25%

25%

24%

24%

24%

24%

24%

23%

23%

23%

23%

23%

22%

22%

72%

72%

73%

73%

73%

73%

73%

73%

74%

75%

75%

75%

75%

75%

75%

75%

76%

76%

76%

76%

76%

77%

77%

77%

77%

77%

78%

78%

10%-16%

14%-20%

<1%

<1%

6%-12%

18%-26%

≤10%

9%-15%

<1%

<1%

12%-18%

9%-15%

11%-16%

11%-16%

≤3%

8%-14%

≤1%

≤5%

10%-15%

9%-15%

6%-16%

≤5%

7%-17%

5%-11%

<1%

≤3%

≤5%

≤1%

9%

19%

1%

4%

15%

27%

13%

12%

4%

4%

20%

10%

16%

16%

8%

14%

5%

11%

21%

13%

14%

5%

16%

18%

5%

7%

7%

6%

63,403

289,504

633,324

65,015

310,753

7,175

3,623

2,006,669

173,644

34,684

1,098,212

71,899

695,819

123,062

16,127

1,024,586

367,054

846,458

25,609

63,500

12,546

68,167

9,003

806,215

250,040

59,215

778,812

86,283

24,897

111,576

237,582

24,251

115,728

2,656

1,337

730,620

62,331

11,813

373,651

24,099

232,225

40,617

5,295

332,714

118,614

273,245

8,222

20,289

3,999

20,911

2,671

237,932

73,397

17,280

223,083

24,663

2,151

10,174

27,178

2,683

12,430

247

152

77,296

6,989

1,366

39,596

2,613

24,111

4,563

536

39,431

14,349

31,408

894

2,371

499

2,552

334

29,877

9,117

2,306

25,650

3,369

8




Native Share

ImmigrantShare

Estimated Illegal

Immigrant Sharea

Native Unemployment

Rate

Total Natives in

Occupation

Total Immigrants

in OccupationSample

Size

4200

360

8000

1530

9720

6720

7150

2200

3600

6300

4120

1106

3010

8850

3050

1005

1340

9630

1450

9600

8650

1910

8200

340

4600

840

FIRST-LINE SUPERVISORS OF HOUSEKEEPING AND JANITORIAL WORKERS

NATURAL SCIENCES MANAGERS

GRINDING, LAPPING, POLISHING, AND BUFFING MACHINE TOOL SETTERS, OPERATORS, AND TENDERS, METAL AND PLASTIC

MISCELLANEOUS ENGINEERS, INCLUDING NUCLEAR ENGINEERS

REFUSE AND RECYCLABLE MATERIAL COLLECTORS

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS REMOVAL WORKERS

AUTOMOTIVE BODY AND RELATED REPAIRERS

POSTSECONDARY TEACHERS

NURSING, PSYCHIATRIC, AND HOME HEALTH AIDES

PAVING, SURFACING, AND TAMPING EQUIPMENT OPERATORS

FOOD SERVERS, NON-RESTAURANT

COMPUTER NETWORK ARCHITECTS

DENTISTS

ADHESIVE BONDING MACHINE OPERATORS AND TENDERS

PHARMACISTS

COMPUTER AND INFORMATION RESEARCH SCIENTISTS

BIOMEDICAL AND AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS

MACHINE FEEDERS AND OFFBEARERS

MATERIALS ENGINEERS

INDUSTRIAL TRUCK AND TRACTOR OPERATORS

CRUSHING, GRINDING, POLISHING, MIXING, AND BLENDING WORKERS

BIOLOGICAL TECHNICIANS

PLATING AND COATING MACHINE SETTERS, OPERATORS, AND TENDERS, METAL AND PLASTIC

LODGING MANAGERS

CHILDCARE WORKERS

FINANCIAL ANALYSTS

22%

22%

22%

22%

22%

22%

22%

22%

21%

21%

21%

21%

21%

21%

21%

21%

21%

21%

21%

20%

20%

20%

20%

20%

20%

19%

78%

78%

78%

78%

78%

78%

78%

78%

79%

79%

79%

79%

79%

79%

79%

79%

79%

79%

79%

80%

80%

80%

80%

80%

80%

81%

≤10%

<1%

6%-12%

<1%

11%-16%

6%-12%

6%-12%

<1%

≤5%

7%-18%

≤10%

<1%

<1%

6%-16%

<1%

≤1%

<1%

6%-12%

<1%

8%-14%

6%-12%

≤1%

≤10%

≤1%

≤10%

<1%

7%

5%

20%

4%

14%

17%

9%

3%

9%

28%

10%

4%

0%

12%

1%

5%

4%

16%

4%

18%

14%

5%

15%

8%

11%

4%

193,887

17,942

43,232

346,742

81,870

31,496

134,760

1,113,434

1,890,701

15,901

171,967

51,967

132,311

11,489

208,260

229,072

12,744

33,775

27,145

454,141

82,245

20,118

15,751

107,579

1,191,103

67,147

55,376

5,061

12,192

97,146

22,899

8,790

37,508

305,723

517,146

4,331

46,367

13,975

35,410

3,061

54,458

59,881

3,325

8,777

7,021

115,657

20,784

5,066

3,914

26,509

290,459

16,080

7,076

744

1,668

13,817

2,921

1,052

4,808

44,606

66,246

557

6,013

1,772

5,399

422

8,214

8,397

431

1,217

1,039

15,306

2,976

740

558

3,976

42,110

2,395

9




Native Share

ImmigrantShare

Estimated Illegal

Immigrant Sharea

Native Unemployment

Rate

Total Natives in

Occupation

Total Immigrants

in OccupationSample

Size

3300

4500

4210

7200

5630

8140

1350

4320

4950

8930

8540

6760

1610

1360

8500

1460

8740

8420

1520

110

5610

7120

6120

4510

CLINICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGISTS AND TECHNICIANS

BARBERS

FIRST-LINE SUPERVISORS OF LANDSCAPING, LAWN SERVICE, AND GROUNDSKEEPING WORKERS

AUTOMOTIVE SERVICE TECHNICIANS AND MECHANICS

WEIGHERS, MEASURERS, CHECKERS, AND SAMPLERS, RECORDKEEPING

WELDING, SOLDERING, AND BRAZING WORKERS

CHEMICAL ENGINEERS

FIRST-LINE SUPERVISORS OF PERSONAL SERVICE WORKERS

DOOR-TO-DOOR SALES WORKERS, NEWS AND STREET VENDORS, AND RELATED WORKERS

PAPER GOODS MACHINE SETTERS, OPERATORS, AND TENDERS

WOODWORKING MACHINE SETTERS, OPERATORS, AND TENDERS, EXCEPT SAWING

MISCELLANEOUS CONSTRUCTION WORKERS, INCLUDING SEPTIC TANK SERVICERS AND SEWER PIPE CLEANERS

BIOLOGICAL SCIENTISTS

CIVIL ENGINEERS

CABINETMAKERS AND BENCH CARPENTERS

MECHANICAL ENGINEERS

INSPECTORS, TESTERS, SORTERS, SAMPLERS, AND WEIGHERS

TEXTILE WINDING, TWISTING, AND DRAWING OUT MACHINE SETTERS, OPERATORS, AND TENDERS

PETROLEUM, MINING AND GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERS, INCLUDING MINING SAFETY ENGINEERS

COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS MANAGERS

SHIPPING, RECEIVING, AND TRAFFIC CLERKS

ELECTRONIC HOME ENTERTAINMENT EQUIPMENT INSTALLERS AND REPAIRERS

FOREST AND CONSERVATION WORKERS

HAIRDRESSERS, HAIRSTYLISTS, AND COSMETOLOGISTS

19%

19%

19%

19%

19%

19%

19%

19%

19%

18%

18%

18%

18%

18%

18%

18%

18%

18%

18%

18%

17%

17%

17%

17%

81%

81%

81%

81%

81%

81%

81%

81%

81%

82%

82%

82%

82%

82%

82%

82%

82%

82%

82%

82%

83%

83%

83%

83%

≤1%

≤10%

6%-12%

≤10%

≤10%

6%-12%

<1%

≤1%

5%-11%

≤10%

≤7%-17%

6%-12%

<1%

<1%

≤10%

<1%

≤5%

≤4%-14%

≤1%

<1%

≤10%

≤10%

≤6%-16%

≤5%

4%

4%

7%

9%

13%

16%

3%

5%

13%

14%

24%

18%

3%

4%

17%

6%

12%

21%

3%

5%

13%

11%

20%

4%

292,009

82,495

164,464

724,009

66,486

514,462

45,451

156,921

160,483

26,628

20,589

44,578

67,148

259,888

56,193

181,252

678,457

11,920

27,006

431,836

522,956

57,267

15,526

674,936

69,926

19,684

38,753

170,528

15,536

119,764

10,519

36,308

37,122

6,032

4,608

9,972

14,875

57,240

12,329

39,750

145,931

2,548

5,763

91,721

110,756

11,867

3,217

139,278

10,432

2,780

5,602

24,884

2,517

18,877

1,684

5,089

5,661

984

747

1,495

2,565

9,622

2,052

6,572

24,381

418

999

15,662

17,536

1,766

624

23,115

10




Native Share

ImmigrantShare

Estimated Illegal

Immigrant Sharea

Native Unemployment

Rate

Total Natives in

Occupation

Total Immigrants

in OccupationSample

Size

300

8255

1300

6010

5410

1107

800

5900

8910

1320

4110

3640

1420

1200

9130

4720

5560

4740

1430

8410

7550

4010

7900

8530

9620

3160

7340

7320

ARCHITECTURAL AND ENGINEERING MANAGERS

PRINTING PRESS OPERATORS

ARCHITECTS, EXCEPT NAVAL

AGRICULTURAL INSPECTORS

RESERVATION AND TRANSPORTATION TICKET AGENTS AND TRAVEL CLERKS

COMPUTER OCCUPATIONS, ALL OTHER

ACCOUNTANTS AND AUDITORS

OFFICE MACHINE OPERATORS, EXCEPT COMPUTER

ETCHERS AND ENGRAVERS

AEROSPACE ENGINEERS

WAITERS AND WAITRESSES

DENTAL ASSISTANTS

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERS

ACTUARIES

DRIVER/SALES WORKERS AND TRUCK DRIVERS

CASHIERS

POSTAL SERVICE MAIL SORTERS, PROCESSORS, AND PROCESSING MACHINE OPERATORS

COUNTER AND RENTAL CLERKS

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERS, INCLUDING HEALTH AND SAFETY

TEXTILE KNITTING AND WEAVING MACHINE SETTERS, OPERATORS, AND TENDERS

MANUFACTURED BUILDING AND MOBILE HOME INSTALLERS

FIRST-LINE SUPERVISORS OF FOOD PREPARATION AND SERVING WORKERS

COMPUTER CONTROL PROGRAMMERS AND OPERATORS

SAWING MACHINE SETTERS, OPERATORS, AND TENDERS, WOOD

LABORERS AND FREIGHT, STOCK, AND MATERIAL MOVERS, HAND

PHYSICAL THERAPISTS

MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR WORKERS, GENERAL

HOME APPLIANCE REPAIRERS

17%

17%

17%

17%

17%

17%

17%

17%

17%

16%

16%

16%

16%

16%

16%

16%

16%

16%

16%

16%

16%

16%

16%

15%

15%

15%

15%

15%

83%

83%

83%

83%

83%

83%

83%

83%

83%

84%

84%

84%

84%

84%

84%

84%

84%

84%

84%

84%

84%

84%

84%

85%

85%

85%

85%

85%

<1%

≤10%

<1%

≤10%

≤3%

≤1%

<1%

≤5%

≤10%

<1%

≤10%

≤5%

<1%

≤1%

≤10%

≤10%

≤1%

≤10%

<1%

≤10%

6%-15%

≤10%

≤3%

5%-11%

≤10%

<1%

≤10%

≤10%

3%

12%

8%

5%

8%

5%

4%

11%

12%

3%

13%

6%

2%

2%

10%

17%

6%

15%

5%

14%

20%

9%

14%

18%

18%

1%

7%

7%

123,464

184,950

154,107

15,608

110,933

194,982

1,757,739

40,759

9,543

116,782

1,970,280

244,288

27,390

21,422

2,808,845

3,290,979

69,367

110,404

151,168

10,346

8,311

498,544

68,380

30,833

2,002,239

167,929

464,598

35,517

25,268

37,753

31,322

3,150

22,282

39,101

350,828

8,115

1,898

22,868

384,759

47,524

5,272

4,074

531,886

619,130

13,013

20,602

28,188

1,920

1,539

91,875

12,544

5,615

364,551

30,558

84,156

6,416

4,753

6,342

5,763

576

3,667

6,567

65,014

1,397

332

4,431

59,254

8,297

989

762

97,498

105,104

2,515

3,447

5,576

384

249

15,700

2,531

1,242

66,311

6,120

16,419

1,230

11




Native Share

ImmigrantShare

Estimated Illegal

Immigrant Sharea

Native Unemployment

Rate

Total Natives in

Occupation

Total Immigrants

in OccupationSample

Size

5850

6440

5350

8100

7430

7260

7730

5540

1960

5130

1900

2630

8256

3945

5510

5300

7620

3130

4710

1030

7700

9150

940

5620

1550

MAIL CLERKS AND MAIL MACHINE OPERATORS, EXCEPT POSTAL SERVICE

PIPELAYERS, PLUMBERS, PIPEFITTERS, AND STEAMFITTERS

CORRESPONDENCE CLERKS AND ORDER CLERKS

MOLDERS AND MOLDING MACHINE SETTERS, OPERATORS, AND TENDERS, METAL AND PLASTIC

PRECISION INSTRUMENT AND EQUIPMENT REPAIRERS

MISCELLANEOUS VEHICLE AND MOBILE EQUIPMENT MECHANICS, INSTALLERS, AND REPAIRERS

ENGINE AND OTHER MACHINE ASSEMBLERS

POSTAL SERVICE CLERKS

MISCELLANEOUS LIFE, PHYSICAL, AND SOCIAL SCIENCE TECHNICIANS, INCLUDING SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH ASSISTANTS AND NUCLEAR

GAMING CAGE WORKERS

AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENCE TECHNICIANS

DESIGNERS

PRINT BINDING AND FINISHING WORKERS

TRANSPORTATION SECURITY SCREENERS

COURIERS AND MESSENGERS

HOTEL, MOTEL, AND RESORT DESK CLERKS

OTHER INSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR WORKERS, INCLUDING COMMERCIAL DIVERS, AND SIGNAL AND TRACK SWITCH REPAIR

REGISTERED NURSES

FIRST-LINE SUPERVISORS OF NON-RETAIL SALES WORKERS

WEB DEVELOPERS

FIRST-LINE SUPERVISORS OF PRODUCTION AND OPERATING WORKERS

MOTOR VEHICLE OPERATORS, ALL OTHER

TAX PREPARERS

STOCK CLERKS AND ORDER FILLERS

ENGINEERING TECHNICIANS, EXCEPT DRAFTERS

15%

15%

15%

15%

15%

15%

15%

15%

15%

15%

15%

15%

15%

15%

15%

15%

15%

15%

15%

15%

14%

14%

14%

14%

14%

85%

85%

85%

85%

85%

85%

85%

85%

85%

85%

85%

85%

85%

85%

85%

85%

85%

85%

85%

85%

86%

86%

86%

86%

86%

≤5%

≤8%

≤8%

3%-9%

≤3%

6%-12%

≤10%

<1%

≤3%

≤1%

≤3%

≤3%

≤10%

<1%

≤5%

≤5%

≤8%

<1%

≤3%

<1%

≤5%

≤5%

≤1%

≤10%

≤1%

14%

16%

11%

16%

6%

14%

16%

4%

7%

7%

6%

9%

15%

5%

11%

13%

10%

2%

5%

6%

7%

11%

21%

16%

7%

100,724

496,501

132,330

41,350

58,226

77,012

14,181

108,848

159,533

10,840

26,332

686,825

27,563

15,204

268,268

134,161

219,817

2,465,342

1,030,828

96,918

793,790

53,751

100,586

1,490,154

372,523

18,172

89,530

23,716

7,375

10,311

13,632

2,506

19,212

28,078

1,903

4,597

119,311

4,765

2,603

45,927

22,934

37,560

420,662

175,622

16,485

133,478

9,033

16,903

248,403

61,903

3,353

16,268

4,666

1,458

2,137

2,385

515

4,091

5,616

391

1,012

23,593

918

495

8,852

4,163

7,415

90,041

35,504

3,221

29,236

1,937

3,640

47,531

13,049

12




Native Share

ImmigrantShare

Estimated Illegal

Immigrant Sharea

Native Unemployment

Rate

Total Natives in

Occupation

Total Immigrants

in OccupationSample

Size

1105

6740

6360

9110

710

8010

8030

7110

8610

3535

5250

510

7160

9750

7940

4050

735

8250

4650

740

7010

4700

700

1540

NETWORK AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS ADMINISTRATORS

RAIL-TRACK LAYING AND MAINTENANCE EQUIPMENT OPERATORS

GLAZIERS

AMBULANCE DRIVERS AND ATTENDANTS, EXCEPT EMERGENCY MEDICAL TECHNICIANS

MANAGEMENT ANALYSTS

LATHE AND TURNING MACHINE TOOL SETTERS, OPERATORS, AND TENDERS, METAL AND PLASTIC

MACHINISTS

ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT INSTALLERS AND REPAIRERS, MOTOR VEHICLES

STATIONARY ENGINEERS AND BOILER OPERATORS

MISCELLANEOUS HEALTH TECHNOLOGISTS AND TECHNICIANS

ELIGIBILITY INTERVIEWERS, GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS

BUYERS AND PURCHASING AGENTS, FARM PRODUCTS

AUTOMOTIVE GLASS INSTALLERS AND REPAIRERS

MISCELLANEOUS MATERIAL MOVING WORKERS, INCLUDING MINE SHUTTLE CAR OPERATORS, AND TANK CAR, TRUCK, AND SHIP LOADERS

ROLLING MACHINE SETTERS, OPERATORS, AND TENDERS, METAL AND PLASTIC

COMBINED FOOD PREPARATION AND SERVING WORKERS, INCLUDING FAST FOOD

MARKET RESEARCH ANALYSTS AND MARKETING SPECIALISTS

PREPRESS TECHNICIANS AND WORKERS

PERSONAL CARE AND SERVICE WORKERS, ALL OTHER

BUSINESS OPERATIONS SPECIALISTS, ALL OTHER

COMPUTER, AUTOMATED TELLER, AND OFFICE MACHINE REPAIRERS

FIRST-LINE SUPERVISORS OF RETAIL SALES WORKERS

LOGISTICIANS

DRAFTERS

14%

14%

14%

14%

14%

14%

14%

14%

14%

14%

14%

14%

14%

14%

14%

14%

14%

13%

13%

13%

13%

13%

13%

13%

86%

86%

86%

86%

86%

86%

86%

86%

86%

86%

86%

86%

86%

86%

86%

86%

86%

87%

87%

87%

87%

87%

87%

87%

<1%

≤3%

3%-9%

≤5%

<1%

≤5%

≤5%

≤8%

≤3%

≤1%

≤1%

≤3%

≤10%

≤10%

≤10%

≤10%

≤1%

≤3%

≤5%

≤1%

≤3%

≤3%

≤1%

≤1%

5%

5%

18%

7%

6%

23%

9%

15%

6%

5%

3%

8%

11%

13%

13%

16%

6%

15%

10%

6%

9%

6%

6%

12%

319,246

11,663

39,883

12,210

619,305

11,418

333,091

15,164

81,957

117,548

63,076

10,839

18,923

53,586

9,516

341,945

202,554

38,552

94,321

212,624

243,550

2,733,407

94,251

166,582

52,743

1,923

6,562

2,004

101,415

1,867

54,386

2,450

13,241

18,825

10,090

1,721

2,999

8,441

1,496

53,752

31,694

5,999

14,661

32,943

37,729

422,236

14,551

25,711

10,681

376

1,272

411

21,961

409

11,805

477

2,894

3,854

2,247

391

551

1,841

331

10,544

6,758

1,299

2,881

7,378

7,802

89,805

2,985

5,889

13




Native Share

ImmigrantShare

Estimated Illegal

Immigrant Sharea

Native Unemployment

Rate

Total Natives in

Occupation

Total Immigrants

in OccupationSample

Size

7330

7040

9360

3930

4930

8060

2060

7950

120

3110

4820

7510

9000

3630

9410

4920

7310

1920

8550

9420

1050

3030

5160

6350

830

2600

INDUSTRIAL AND REFRACTORY MACHINERY MECHANICS

ELECTRIC MOTOR, POWER TOOL, AND RELATED REPAIRERS

AUTOMOTIVE AND WATERCRAFT SERVICE ATTENDANTS

SECURITY GUARDS AND GAMING SURVEILLANCE OFFICERS

SALES ENGINEERS

MODEL MAKERS AND PATTERNMAKERS, METAL AND PLASTIC

RELIGIOUS WORKERS, ALL OTHER

CUTTING, PUNCHING, AND PRESS MACHINE SETTERS, OPERATORS, AND TENDERS, METAL AND PLASTIC

FINANCIAL MANAGERS

PHYSICIAN ASSISTANTS

SECURITIES, COMMODITIES, AND FINANCIAL SERVICES SALES AGENTS

COIN, VENDING, AND AMUSEMENT MACHINE SERVICERS AND REPAIRERS

SUPERVISORS OF TRANSPORTATION AND MATERIAL MOVING WORKERS

MASSAGE THERAPISTS

TRANSPORTATION INSPECTORS

REAL ESTATE BROKERS AND SALES AGENTS

HEATING, AIR CONDITIONING, AND REFRIGERATION MECHANICS AND INSTALLERS

CHEMICAL TECHNICIANS

MISCELLANEOUS WOODWORKERS, INCLUDING MODEL MAKERS AND PATTERNMAKERS

MISCELLANEOUS TRANSPORTATION WORKERS, INCLUDING BRIDGE AND LOCK TENDERS AND TRAFFIC TECHNICIANS

COMPUTER SUPPORT SPECIALISTS

DIETITIANS AND NUTRITIONISTS

TELLERS

ELECTRICIANS

CREDIT ANALYSTS

ARTISTS AND RELATED WORKERS

13%

13%

13%

13%

13%

13%

13%

13%

13%

13%

13%

13%

13%

13%

13%

13%

13%

13%

13%

13%

13%

13%

13%

13%

13%

13%

87%

87%

87%

87%

87%

87%

87%

87%

87%

87%

87%

87%

87%

87%

87%

87%

87%

87%

87%

87%

87%

87%

87%

87%

87%

87%

≤5%

≤5%

≤5%

<3%

<1%

≤1%

≤1%

≤8%

≤1%

≤1%

<1%

≤5%

≤3%

≤1%

≤3%

≤1%

≤5%

≤1%

≤5%

≤3%

≤1%

≤1%

≤3%

≤5%

<1%

≤1%

8%

7%

17%

12%

5%

20%

3%

19%

4%

2%

7%

10%

6%

5%

7%

6%

10%

6%

12%

8%

7%

3%

7%

14%

5%

8%

353,657

28,208

120,070

941,807

28,737

6,048

78,415

91,169

966,894

99,840

277,773

41,283

208,136

132,112

44,161

692,045

321,247

61,900

26,616

22,066

479,616

77,419

389,563

707,131

25,073

172,342

54,430

4,335

18,425

143,747

4,383

916

11,778

13,685

144,627

14,799

41,067

6,097

30,724

19,466

6,482

101,444

46,975

9,048

3,889

3,209

69,644

11,239

56,501

102,289

3,622

24,781

12,816

1,015

3,778

29,155

1,012

204

2,973

3,101

33,175

3,248

8,997

1,402

6,986

4,425

1,513

23,455

10,420

2,165

984

690

15,422

2,686

13,198

23,292

817

6,108

14




Native Share

ImmigrantShare

Estimated Illegal

Immigrant Sharea

Native Unemployment

Rate

Total Natives in

Occupation

Total Immigrants

in OccupationSample

Size

3650

6100

4760

8830

430

10

2800

5340

140

1600

950

9120

8720

6200

6520

7130

3500

4550

2740

3120

410

1220

4340

7350

7420

5800

130

2540

6530

MEDICAL ASSISTANTS AND OTHER HEALTHCARE SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS, EXCEPT DENTAL ASSISTANTS

FISHING AND HUNTING WORKERS

RETAIL SALESPERSONS

PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS WORKERS AND PROCESSING MACHINE OPERATORS

MISCELLANEOUS MANAGERS, INCLUDING FUNERAL SERVICE MANAGERS AND POSTMASTERS AND MAIL SUPERINTENDENTS

CHIEF EXECUTIVES AND LEGISLATORS

ANNOUNCERS

NEW ACCOUNTS CLERKS

INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION MANAGERS

AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD SCIENTISTS

FINANCIAL SPECIALISTS, ALL OTHER

BUS DRIVERS

EXTRUDING, FORMING, PRESSING, AND COMPACTING MACHINE SETTERS, OPERATORS, AND TENDERS

FIRST-LINE SUPERVISORS OF CONSTRUCTION TRADES AND EXTRACTION WORKERS

SHEET METAL WORKERS

SECURITY AND FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS INSTALLERS

LICENSED PRACTICAL AND LICENSED VOCATIONAL NURSES

TRANSPORTATION ATTENDANTS

DANCERS AND CHOREOGRAPHERS

PODIATRISTS

PROPERTY, REAL ESTATE, AND COMMUNITY ASSOCIATION MANAGERS

OPERATIONS RESEARCH ANALYSTS

ANIMAL TRAINERS

MAINTENANCE WORKERS, MACHINERY

TELECOMMUNICATIONS LINE INSTALLERS AND REPAIRERS

COMPUTER OPERATORS

HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGERS

TEACHER ASSISTANTS

STRUCTURAL IRON AND STEEL WORKERS

12%

12%

12%

12%

12%

12%

12%

12%

12%

12%

12%

12%

12%

12%

12%

12%

12%

12%

12%

12%

12%

12%

12%

12%

12%

12%

12%

12%

12%

88%

88%

88%

88%

88%

88%

88%

88%

88%

88%

88%

88%

88%

88%

88%

88%

88%

88%

88%

88%

88%

88%

88%

88%

88%

88%

88%

88%

88%

≤3%

≤5%

≤5%

≤3%

≤1%

<1%

≤5%

≤1%

≤1%

<1%

≤1%

≤1%

≤5%

≤5%

≤8%

<3%

≤1%

≤1%

≤5%

<1%

≤1%

<1%

≤5%

≤5%

≤5%

≤1%

≤1%

≤3%

≤5%

7%

13%

12%

9%

5%

4%

10%

4%

6%

2%

4%

5%

17%

11%

16%

10%

4%

5%

16%

1%

6%

3%

6%

9%

10%

9%

5%

7%

23%

765,132

40,476

3,349,897

50,354

2,886,558

975,138

51,930

20,470

211,671

28,835

67,373

552,371

32,491

809,229

128,857

53,514

604,999

120,012

22,490

8,037

497,945

117,083

39,015

28,633

159,810

128,970

387,724

957,153

66,311

108,807

5,752

474,534

7,118

405,055

136,401

7,238

2,840

29,293

3,986

9,300

76,227

4,453

110,876

17,634

7,312

82,389

16,325

3,029

1,076

66,130

15,537

5,158

3,771

20,992

16,873

50,724

125,023

8,625

24,114

1,477

105,500

1,493

99,338

34,588

1,525

661

7,531

1,096

2,213

19,011

1,048

28,927

4,165

1,590

21,074

3,887

548

295

16,261

4,064

1,244

962

4,878

4,199

13,929

33,704

2,112

15




Native Share

ImmigrantShare

Estimated Illegal

Immigrant Sharea

Native Unemployment

Rate

Total Natives in

Occupation

Total Immigrants

in OccupationSample

Size

520

4900

1007

2760

5860

2040

500

5260

2340

2440

4300

2750

7740

3040

220

7540

160

3420

900

3220

4060

350

2300

5240

5110

2710

820

3000

20

2910

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL BUYERS, EXCEPT FARM PRODUCTS

MODELS, DEMONSTRATORS, AND PRODUCT PROMOTERS

INFORMATION SECURITY ANALYSTS

ENTERTAINERS AND PERFORMERS, SPORTS AND RELATED WORKERS, ALL OTHER

OFFICE CLERKS, GENERAL

CLERGY

AGENTS AND BUSINESS MANAGERS OF ARTISTS, PERFORMERS, AND ATHLETES

FILE CLERKS

OTHER TEACHERS AND INSTRUCTORS

LIBRARY TECHNICIANS

FIRST-LINE SUPERVISORS OF GAMING WORKERS

MUSICIANS, SINGERS, AND RELATED WORKERS

STRUCTURAL METAL FABRICATORS AND FITTERS

OPTOMETRISTS

CONSTRUCTION MANAGERS

LOCKSMITHS AND SAFE REPAIRERS

TRANSPORTATION, STORAGE, AND DISTRIBUTION MANAGERS

HEALTH PRACTITIONER SUPPORT TECHNOLOGISTS AND TECHNICIANS

FINANCIAL EXAMINERS

RESPIRATORY THERAPISTS

COUNTER ATTENDANTS, CAFETERIA, FOOD CONCESSION, AND COFFEE SHOP

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SERVICES MANAGERS

PRESCHOOL AND KINDERGARTEN TEACHERS

CUSTOMER SERVICE REPRESENTATIVES

BILLING AND POSTING CLERKS

PRODUCERS AND DIRECTORS

BUDGET ANALYSTS

CHIROPRACTORS

GENERAL AND OPERATIONS MANAGERS

PHOTOGRAPHERS

11%

11%

11%

11%

11%

11%

11%

11%

11%

11%

11%

11%

11%

11%

11%

11%

11%

11%

11%

11%

11%

11%

11%

11%

11%

11%

11%

11%

11%

11%

89%

89%

89%

89%

89%

89%

89%

89%

89%

89%

89%

89%

89%

89%

89%

89%

89%

89%

89%

89%

89%

89%

89%

89%

89%

89%

89%

89%

89%

89%

≤1%

≤3%

<1%

≤1%

≤3%

≤1%

≤1%

≤3%

≤1%

≤3%

≤1%

≤3%

≤8%

<1%

≤3%

≤5%

≤3%

≤1%

<1%

<1%

≤8%

<1%

≤1%

≤3%

≤1%

<1%

<1%

<1%

≤1%

≤1%

7%

19%

4%

12%

9%

1%

8%

11%

7%

6%

8%

8%

15%

0%

10%

4%

8%

5%

3%

2%

20%

3%

6%

11%

7%

8%

2%

2%

5%

12%

204,108

69,245

30,016

41,352

1,169,979

386,702

39,164

359,563

832,953

53,425

74,216

176,158

27,574

30,931

673,206

24,844

211,937

487,091

13,156

91,996

235,740

530,444

550,383

2,278,935

462,602

135,629

45,545

49,954

886,129

143,544

26,514

8,980

3,892

5,332

150,115

49,067

4,898

44,842

103,796

6,625

9,203

21,832

3,406

3,783

82,227

3,030

25,837

59,375

1,599

11,111

28,343

63,540

65,895

272,719

55,320

16,213

5,442

5,967

105,235

16,959

6,809

2,206

964

1,257

38,721

15,134

1,183

12,188

27,940

1,954

2,378

5,897

901

1,163

21,794

796

6,751

15,324

424

3,172

7,069

18,028

17,439

69,190

15,080

4,281

1,572

1,694

29,492

4,533

16




Native Share

ImmigrantShare

Estimated Illegal

Immigrant Sharea

Native Unemployment

Rate

Total Natives in

Occupation

Total Immigrants

in OccupationSample

Size

5810

7210

8640

9260

2810

3320

5330

2920

930

4540

9560

3520

50

7140

1740

5000

3840

5820

6940

5360

5120

850

5930

7220

5420

DATA ENTRY KEYERS

BUS AND TRUCK MECHANICS AND DIESEL ENGINE SPECIALISTS

CHEMICAL PROCESSING MACHINE SETTERS, OPERATORS, AND TENDERS

SUBWAY, STREETCAR, AND OTHER RAIL TRANSPORTATION WORKERS

NEWS ANALYSTS, REPORTERS AND CORRESPONDENTS

DIAGNOSTIC RELATED TECHNOLOGISTS AND TECHNICIANS

LOAN INTERVIEWERS AND CLERKS

TELEVISION, VIDEO, AND MOTION PICTURE CAMERA OPERATORS AND EDITORS

TAX EXAMINERS AND COLLECTORS, AND REVENUE AGENTS

TOUR AND TRAVEL GUIDES

CONVEYOR OPERATORS AND TENDERS, AND HOIST AND WINCH OPERATORS

OPTICIANS, DISPENSING

MARKETING AND SALES MANAGERS

AIRCRAFT MECHANICS AND SERVICE TECHNICIANS

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTISTS AND GEOSCIENTISTS

FIRST-LINE SUPERVISORS OF OFFICE AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT WORKERS

MISCELLANEOUS LAW ENFORCEMENT WORKERS

WORD PROCESSORS AND TYPISTS

MISCELLANEOUS EXTRACTION WORKERS, INCLUDING ROOF BOLTERS AND HELPERS

HUMAN RESOURCES ASSISTANTS, EXCEPT PAYROLL AND TIMEKEEPING

BOOKKEEPING, ACCOUNTING, AND AUDITING CLERKS

PERSONAL FINANCIAL ADVISORS

MISCELLANEOUS OFFICE AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT WORKERS, INCLUDING DESKTOP PUBLISHERS

HEAVY VEHICLE AND MOBILE EQUIPMENT SERVICE TECHNICIANS AND MECHANICS

INFORMATION AND RECORD CLERKS, ALL OTHER

11%

11%

10%

10%

10%

10%

10%

10%

10%

10%

10%

10%

10%

10%

10%

10%

10%

10%

10%

10%

10%

10%

10%

10%

10%

89%

89%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

≤1%

≤5%

≤5%

≤3%

≤1%

<1%

≤1%

≤1%

<1%

≤1%

≤5%

≤1%

<1%

≤1%

<1%

≤1%

≤1%

≤1%

≤5%

≤1%

≤1%

<1%

≤1%

≤5%

≤1%

13%

7%

7%

7%

6%

3%

11%

11%

5%

10%

13%

4%

7%

4%

3%

6%

7%

9%

14%

7%

7%

3%

7%

8%

6%

404,433

283,900

49,338

9,518

74,053

285,204

118,886

46,517

58,571

49,379

13,242

48,117

789,114

167,359

66,958

1,340,859

10,772

302,016

69,373

52,243

1,320,586

318,464

590,380

202,124

96,757

47,586

33,339

5,750

1,109

8,593

33,014

13,756

5,381

6,764

5,696

1,526

5,535

90,756

19,196

7,647

153,013

1,226

34,216

7,843

5,898

148,783

35,772

66,261

22,665

10,840

13,251

9,430

1,706

311

2,522

9,717

3,655

1,451

2,011

1,759

485

1,611

25,840

5,356

2,386

44,657

331

11,323

2,310

1,680

46,642

10,371

18,936

7,216

3,267

17




Native Share

ImmigrantShare

Estimated Illegal

Immigrant Sharea

Native Unemployment

Rate

Total Natives in

Occupation

Total Immigrants

in OccupationSample

Size

3510

5320

7020

6800

5200

3620

3940

8040

2700

1860

4850

2010

5550

6320

1840

150

565

40

2720

910

2145

4150

7560

3240

5920

1440

5400

3210

5100

MEDICAL RECORDS AND HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNICIANS

LIBRARY ASSISTANTS, CLERICAL

RADIO AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT INSTALLERS AND REPAIRERS

DERRICK, ROTARY DRILL, AND SERVICE UNIT OPERATORS, AND ROUSTABOUTS, OIL, GAS, AND MINING

BROKERAGE CLERKS

PHYSICAL THERAPIST ASSISTANTS AND AIDES

CROSSING GUARDS

METAL FURNACE OPERATORS, TENDERS, POURERS, AND CASTERS

ACTORS

MISCELLANEOUS SOCIAL SCIENTISTS, INCLUDING SURVEY RESEARCHERS AND SOCIOLOGISTS

SALES REPRESENTATIVES, WHOLESALE AND MANUFACTURING

SOCIAL WORKERS

POSTAL SERVICE MAIL CARRIERS

CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT OPERATORS, EXCEPT PAVING, SURFACING, AND TAMPING EQUIPMENT OPERATORS

URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNERS

PURCHASING MANAGERS

COMPLIANCE OFFICERS

ADVERTISING AND PROMOTIONS MANAGERS

ATHLETES, COACHES, UMPIRES, AND RELATED WORKERS

CREDIT COUNSELORS AND LOAN OFFICERS

PARALEGALS AND LEGAL ASSISTANTS

HOSTS AND HOSTESSES, RESTAURANT, LOUNGE, AND COFFEE SHOP

RIGGERS

THERAPISTS, ALL OTHER

STATISTICAL ASSISTANTS

MARINE ENGINEERS AND NAVAL ARCHITECTS

RECEPTIONISTS AND INFORMATION CLERKS

RECREATIONAL THERAPISTS

BILL AND ACCOUNT COLLECTORS

10%

10%

10%

10%

10%

10%

10%

10%

10%

10%

10%

10%

10%

10%

9%

9%

9%

9%

9%

9%

9%

9%

9%

9%

9%

9%

9%

9%

9%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

90%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

≤1%

≤1%

≤3%

≤5%

<1%

≤1%

≤1%

≤5%

≤1%

<1%

≤1%

<1%

<1%

≤6%

<1%

<1%

<1%

<1%

≤1%

≤1%

≤1%

≤5%

≤5%

≤1%

<1%

<1%

≤3%

<1%

≤3%

6%

5%

7%

13%

6%

4%

16%

13%

35%

6%

6%

4%

2%

17%

2%

5%

4%

6%

10%

7%

7%

13%

16%

3%

7%

3%

12%

4%

12%

104,358

112,001

165,777

39,103

8,936

65,185

59,014

23,560

47,112

49,584

1,326,938

734,998

302,435

349,687

19,698

182,444

184,957

51,772

255,013

301,540

360,740

282,371

11,088

126,725

23,819

11,371

1,219,034

12,381

226,572

11,684

12,537

18,483

4,354

991

7,207

6,404

2,542

4,980

5,227

139,541

77,287

31,796

36,727

2,061

19,076

19,314

5,383

26,427

31,183

37,211

29,121

1,143

13,054

2,449

1,168

123,814

1,238

22,442

3,361

4,084

5,221

1,271

298

2,173

1,999

774

1,366

1,631

44,015

24,370

10,820

12,544

722

6,160

6,339

1,646

7,930

9,618

11,338

8,264

364

4,202

825

391

37,366

407

6,457

18




Native Share

ImmigrantShare

Estimated Illegal

Immigrant Sharea

Native Unemployment

Rate

Total Natives in

Occupation

Total Immigrants

in OccupationSample

Size

2020

4240

7000

5600

4840

9520

1930

630

3150

6210

4810

5140

4040

8130

3310

2830

725

7920

530

6430

2900

5230

1820

6660

8730

860

4960

4620

10,393

2,104

9,553

9,263

18,950

1,525

564

22,179

2,742

779

17,252

5,609

11,002

2,191

5,077

5,375

2,458

375

8,203

191

2,785

1,535

6,166

3,162

388

3,115

10,989

12,283

31,625

6,627

27,151

27,809

58,499

3,936

1,532

67,338

7,625

2,125

48,598

15,464

37,273

5,625

13,510

14,358

7,215

1,016

21,754

488

8,100

4,363

15,472

8,162

974

8,588

29,334

33,745

319,474

67,979

279,138

286,204

605,072

40,873

15,958

701,595

81,408

22,725

526,205

169,306

408,484

61,677

148,788

158,849

79,848

11,245

245,066

5,504

91,745

49,807

177,877

93,972

11,234

99,299

340,318

391,625

6%

9%

5%

6%

10%

13%

5%

7%

1%

23%

5%

7%

11%

11%

2%

8%

8%

10%

7%

22%

7%

7%

1%

7%

8%

3%

8%

10%

≤1%

≤3%

≤1%

≤1%

≤1%

≤5%

<1%

≤1%

<1%

≤5%

≤1%

≤1%

≤3%

≤1%

<1%

<1%

≤1%

≤3%

≤1%

≤5%

≤1%

≤1%

<1%

<1%

<5%

<1%

≤1%

≤1%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

91%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

9%

9%

9%

9%

9%

9%

9%

9%

9%

9%

8%

8%

8%

8%

8%

8%

8%

8%

8%

8%

8%

8%

8%

8%

8%

8%

8%

8%

MISCELLANEOUS COMMUNITY AND SOCIAL SERVICE SPECIALISTS

PEST CONTROL WORKERS

FIRST-LINE SUPERVISORS OF MECHANICS, INSTALLERS, AND REPAIRERS

PRODUCTION, PLANNING, AND EXPEDITING CLERKS

SALES REPRESENTATIVES, SERVICES, ALL OTHER

DREDGE, EXCAVATING, AND LOADING MACHINE OPERATORS

GEOLOGICAL AND PETROLEUM TECHNICIANS, AND NUCLEAR TECHNICIANS

HUMAN RESOURCES WORKERS

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS

BOILERMAKERS

INSURANCE SALES AGENTS

PAYROLL AND TIMEKEEPING CLERKS

BARTENDERS

TOOL AND DIE MAKERS

DENTAL HYGIENISTS

EDITORS

MEETING, CONVENTION, AND EVENT PLANNERS

EXTRUDING AND DRAWING MACHINE SETTERS, OPERATORS, AND TENDERS, METAL AND PLASTIC

PURCHASING AGENTS, EXCEPT WHOLESALE, RETAIL, AND FARM PRODUCTS

PAPERHANGERS

BROADCAST AND SOUND ENGINEERING TECHNICIANS AND RADIO OPERATORS

CREDIT AUTHORIZERS, CHECKERS, AND CLERKS

PSYCHOLOGISTS

CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING INSPECTORS

FURNACE, KILN, OVEN, DRIER, AND KETTLE OPERATORS AND TENDERS

INSURANCE UNDERWRITERS

SALES AND RELATED WORKERS, ALL OTHER

RECREATION AND FITNESS WORKERS

19




Native Share

ImmigrantShare

Estimated Illegal

Immigrant Sharea

Native Unemployment

Rate

Total Natives in

Occupation

Total Immigrants

in OccupationSample

Size

5310

4430

6700

420

6130

640

5020

5700

5150

5520

3730

2160

2000

9510

2840

4750

8150

230

8210

7240

3540

9300

540

6730

2430

4800

2550

650

3250

INTERVIEWERS, EXCEPT ELIGIBILITY AND LOAN

MISCELLANEOUS ENTERTAINMENT ATTENDANTS AND RELATED WORKERS

ELEVATOR INSTALLERS AND REPAIRERS

SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE MANAGERS

LOGGING WORKERS

COMPENSATION, BENEFITS, AND JOB ANALYSIS SPECIALISTS

TELEPHONE OPERATORS

SECRETARIES AND ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANTS

PROCUREMENT CLERKS

DISPATCHERS

FIRST-LINE SUPERVISORS OF PROTECTIVE SERVICE WORKERS, ALL OTHER

MISCELLANEOUS LEGAL SUPPORT WORKERS

COUNSELORS

CRANE AND TOWER OPERATORS

TECHNICAL WRITERS

PARTS SALESPERSONS

HEAT TREATING EQUIPMENT SETTERS, OPERATORS, AND TENDERS, METAL AND PLASTIC

EDUCATION ADMINISTRATORS

TOOL GRINDERS, FILERS, AND SHARPENERS

SMALL ENGINE MECHANICS

OTHER HEALTHCARE PRACTITIONERS AND TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS

SAILORS AND MARINE OILERS, AND SHIP ENGINEERS

CLAIMS ADJUSTERS, APPRAISERS, EXAMINERS, AND INVESTIGATORS

HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE WORKERS

LIBRARIANS

ADVERTISING SALES AGENTS

OTHER EDUCATION, TRAINING, AND LIBRARY WORKERS

TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT SPECIALISTS

VETERINARIANS

8%

8%

8%

8%

8%

8%

8%

8%

8%

8%

8%

8%

8%

8%

8%

8%

8%

8%

8%

7%

7%

7%

7%

7%

7%

7%

7%

7%

7%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

92%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

≤1%

≤3%

≤1%

<1%

<5%

<1%

≤1%

≤1%

≤1%

≤3%

<1%

<1%

≤1%

<5%

<1%

≤3%

≤3%

<1%

≤1%

≤5%

<1%

≤1%

<1%

≤5%

<1%

≤1%

<1%

≤1%

<1%

24%

17%

8%

5%

13%

4%

11%

7%

7%

7%

4%

6%

5%

12%

8%

8%

10%

3%

9%

11%

5%

10%

4%

9%

3%

10%

4%

4%

0%

196,244

198,134

26,108

298,640

71,565

42,187

49,151

3,556,345

29,498

268,081

85,428

215,122

664,795

67,847

59,990

107,419

7,672

804,386

6,971

47,390

83,626

32,820

280,046

106,771

163,283

220,327

98,761

83,739

69,415

16,890

16,994

2,239

25,589

6,127

3,602

4,155

300,616

2,490

22,619

7,205

18,127

55,995

5,660

4,993

8,922

625

65,504

566

3,837

6,749

2,648

22,580

8,597

13,006

17,547

7,828

6,602

5,472

6,131

6,151

824

10,227

2,865

1,346

1,435

123,509

1,028

8,415

2,758

6,916

21,304

2,121

2,122

3,405

250

27,900

267

1,565

2,660

1,037

8,795

3,943

6,087

6,652

3,435

2,669

2,596

20




Native Share

ImmigrantShare

Estimated Illegal

Immigrant Sharea

Native Unemployment

Rate

Total Natives in

Occupation

Total Immigrants

in OccupationSample

Size

5030

5840

7930

4640

1310

2050

100

4350

7960

60

2825

2320

5220

7030

3610

6840

7410

2850

600

6820

9030

7300

4940

2100

5010

5910

4410

COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT OPERATORS, ALL OTHER

INSURANCE CLAIMS AND POLICY PROCESSING CLERKS

FORGING MACHINE SETTERS, OPERATORS, AND TENDERS, METAL AND PLASTIC

RESIDENTIAL ADVISORS

SURVEYORS, CARTOGRAPHERS, AND PHOTOGRAMMETRISTS

DIRECTORS, RELIGIOUS ACTIVITIES AND EDUCATION

ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES MANAGERS

NONFARM ANIMAL CARETAKERS

DRILLING AND BORING MACHINE TOOL SETTERS, OPERATORS, AND TENDERS, METAL AND PLASTIC

PUBLIC RELATIONS AND FUNDRAISING MANAGERS

PUBLIC RELATIONS SPECIALISTS

SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS

COURT, MUNICIPAL, AND LICENSE CLERKS

AVIONICS TECHNICIANS

OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY ASSISTANTS AND AIDES

MINING MACHINE OPERATORS

ELECTRICAL POWER-LINE INSTALLERS AND REPAIRERS

WRITERS AND AUTHORS

COST ESTIMATORS

EARTH DRILLERS, EXCEPT OIL AND GAS

AIRCRAFT PILOTS AND FLIGHT ENGINEERS

CONTROL AND VALVE INSTALLERS AND REPAIRERS

TELEMARKETERS

LAWYERS, AND JUDGES, MAGISTRATES, AND OTHER JUDICIAL WORKERS

SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS, INCLUDING ANSWERING SERVICE

PROOFREADERS AND COPY MARKERS

MOTION PICTURE PROJECTIONISTS

7%

7%

7%

7%

7%

7%

7%

7%

7%

7%

7%

7%

7%

7%

7%

7%

7%

7%

6%

6%

6%

6%

6%

6%

6%

6%

6%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

93%

94%

94%

94%

94%

94%

94%

94%

94%

94%

≤5%

≤1%

≤3%

≤1%

≤1%

≤1%

<1%

≤3%

≤5%

<1%

<1%

<1%

<1%

<1%

≤1%

≤5%

≤5%

<1%

<1%

≤5%

<1%

≤3%

≤3%

<1%

<1%

<1%

<1%

8%

6%

15%

6%

5%

2%

5%

9%

17%

4%

5%

3%

5%

3%

1%

7%

7%

7%

8%

11%

3%

8%

31%

2%

10%

12%

10%

12,405

293,567

8,005

73,325

37,000

47,874

112,968

184,908

5,005

54,656

133,275

775,981

86,555

23,166

13,996

60,692

113,854

185,801

124,977

27,763

143,699

21,068

154,361

1,005,435

42,319

13,961

8,369

975

23,029

627

5,740

2,889

3,700

8,716

14,253

381

4,097

9,951

57,801

6,434

1,714

1,034

4,481

8,083

12,975

8,662

1,907

9,767

1,430

10,315

66,907

2,816

927

548

373

9,004

272

2,580

1,267

1,717

3,756

5,743

167

1,814

4,280

25,931

2,929

676

471

2,149

3,698

6,260

4,184

922

4,820

648

4,231

34,196

1,309

464

230

21




Native Share

ImmigrantShare

Estimated Illegal

Immigrant Sharea

Native Unemployment

Rate

Total Natives in

Occupation

Total Immigrants

in OccupationSample

Size

4420

330

2310

2400

2105

5530

810

3910

205

1710

3140

2330

9040

3200

9230

8630

3400

7100

3850

3955

8620

7360

9310

9650

3820

3230

8940

3800

USHERS, LOBBY ATTENDANTS, AND TICKET TAKERS

GAMING MANAGERS

ELEMENTARY AND MIDDLE SCHOOL TEACHERS

ARCHIVISTS, CURATORS, AND MUSEUM TECHNICIANS

JUDICIAL LAW CLERKS

METER READERS, UTILITIES

APPRAISERS AND ASSESSORS OF REAL ESTATE

PRIVATE DETECTIVES AND INVESTIGATORS

FARMERS, RANCHERS, AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL MANAGERS

ATMOSPHERIC AND SPACE SCIENTISTS

AUDIOLOGISTS

SPECIAL EDUCATION TEACHERS

AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS AND AIRFIELD OPERATIONS SPECIALISTS

RADIATION THERAPISTS

RAILROAD BRAKE, SIGNAL, AND SWITCH OPERATORS

MISCELLANEOUS PLANT AND SYSTEM OPERATORS

EMERGENCY MEDICAL TECHNICIANS AND PARAMEDICS

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS REPAIRERS, TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT, AND INDUSTRIAL AND UTILITY

POLICE OFFICERS

LIFEGUARDS AND OTHER RECREATIONAL, AND ALL OTHER PROTECTIVE SERVICE WORKERS

WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT AND SYSTEM OPERATORS

MILLWRIGHTS

SHIP AND BOAT CAPTAINS AND OPERATORS

PUMPING STATION OPERATORS

DETECTIVES AND CRIMINAL INVESTIGATORS

SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGISTS

TIRE BUILDERS

BAILIFFS, CORRECTIONAL OFFICERS, AND JAILERS

6%

6%

6%

6%

6%

6%

6%

6%

6%

6%

5%

5%

5%

5%

5%

5%

5%

5%

5%

5%

5%

5%

5%

5%

4%

4%

4%

4%

94%

94%

94%

94%

94%

94%

94%

94%

94%

94%

95%

95%

95%

95%

95%

95%

95%

95%

95%

95%

95%

95%

95%

95%

96%

96%

96%

96%

<1%

<1%

<1%

<1%

<1%

<1%

<1%

<1%

≤3%

<1%

<1%

<1%

<1%

<1%

≤3%

≤1%

≤1%

≤1%

<1%

≤1%

≤1%

≤1%

≤1%

≤1%

<1%

<1%

≤1%

<1%

17%

6%

3%

5%

11%

5%

3%

6%

3%

2%

1%

3%

4%

1%

10%

5%

4%

4%

2%

14%

3%

15%

10%

5%

1%

1%

10%

3%

48,257

17,886

3,272,218

44,071

12,171

35,978

91,204

80,014

597,567

11,025

14,307

232,949

42,151

12,052

6,839

38,574

181,558

23,309

679,302

196,024

79,351

51,415

44,892

25,255

124,614

117,097

16,042

436,490

3,132

1,158

211,340

2,845

784

2,312

5,803

5,089

37,090

650

831

13,394

2,392

657

361

2,014

9,338

1,184

34,273

9,811

3,905

2,492

2,152

1,201

5,707

5,305

724

19,357

1,430

607

114,850

1,523

408

1,113

3,139

2,383

28,151

334

463

7,220

1,235

426

202

1,342

5,530

733

20,092

6,170

2,848

1,763

1,439

889

3,713

3,975

513

13,722

22




Native Share

ImmigrantShare

Estimated Illegal

Immigrant Sharea

Native Unemployment

Rate

Total Natives in

Occupation

Total Immigrants

in OccupationSample

Size

9200

3700

1560

4460

6830

3750

8600

9240

3710

3740

3900

1640

3720

425

320

LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERS AND OPERATORS

FIRST-LINE SUPERVISORS OF CORRECTIONAL OFFICERS

SURVEYING AND MAPPING TECHNICIANS

EMBALMERS AND FUNERAL ATTENDANTS

EXPLOSIVES WORKERS, ORDNANCE HANDLING EXPERTS, AND BLASTERS

FIRE INSPECTORS

POWER PLANT OPERATORS, DISTRIBUTORS, AND DISPATCHERS

RAILROAD CONDUCTORS AND YARDMASTERS

FIRST-LINE SUPERVISORS OF POLICE AND DETECTIVES

FIREFIGHTERS

ANIMAL CONTROL WORKERS

CONSERVATION SCIENTISTS AND FORESTERS

FIRST-LINE SUPERVISORS OF FIRE FIGHTING AND PREVENTION WORKERS

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT DIRECTORS

FUNERAL DIRECTORS

Totalb

4%

4%

4%

4%

3%

3%

3%

3%

3%

2%

2%

2%

2%

1%

1%

16%

96%

96%

96%

96%

97%

97%

97%

97%

97%

98%

98%

98%

98%

99%

99%

84%

<1%

<1%

<1%

<1%

<1%

<1%

<1%

<1%

<1%

<1%

≤1%

<1%

<1%

<1%

<1%

4-5%

3%

2%

14%

8%

8%

6%

3%

6%

1%

3%

4%

2%

2%

7%

3%

10%

48,806

62,159

75,601

14,153

18,735

18,974

45,353

45,999

122,702

278,647

11,204

25,135

51,647

6,733

40,880

131,118,358

2,129

2,662

3,156

528

642

640

1,490

1,355

3,293

6,999

252

549

949

101

475

25,558,717

1,518

2,200

2,423

515

540

653

1,615

1,414

3,825

8,395

342

990

1,712

208

1,365

4,546,080

b Totals include those unemployed who did not report an occupation either because they had not worked in the last five years or because they are new entrants into the labor market.

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