are barcelona’s advanced zones for motorcycles effective?

AreBarcelona’sAdvancedZonesforMotorcycles

Effective?

Katherine Pérez,MPH,PhDElenaSantamariña-Rubio,MPH,PhD

International Conference on Transport & Health� 2017 27-29 June 2017 Barcelona

Backgroundandobjectives

Methods

ResultsPhaseI

ResultsPhaseII

LimitationsandConclusions

Backgroundandobjectives Methods ResultsPhaseI ResultsPhaseII Limitationsand

Conclusions

AdvancedZonesforMotorcycles


Conclusions

Background• Streetsintersections:50%roadtrafficcrashes• InBarcelona:• >60.000mopedand>200.000motorcycles• 66%trafficcrashesincludeaPowerTwoWheel

• InNovember2009,36intersectionswereadaptedtohaveanadvancedzoneformotorcyclesandmopeds(ZAM).(PhaseI)

• Andduringtheyears2010and2011,16intersectionsmorezoneswereadapted.(PhaseII)


Conclusions

Objectives

ToassesstheeffectivenessofAdvancedZonesforMotorcycles(ZAM)inBarcelonaon:• Roadtrafficcollisions• Peopleinjured• Motorcyclistsdrivers• Roadtrafficcollisionswithmotorcyclistsormopedinvolved

InPhaseIandPhaseII


Conclusions

Design

Quasi-experimentalstudyoftimeseriesevaluationwithacomparisongroup.

Population

PeoplewhotraveledthroughthecityofBarcelona,duringtheperiodJanuary2002- December2014.

Intervention

Implementationofadvancedareasformotorcyclesandmopeds(ZAM)

• Interventiongroup:IntersectionswithZAM(areaandintersection)

• Comparisongroup:IntersectionswithoutZAM(areaandintersection)

Methods


Conclusions

Zam area

30m ZAM

INTERVENTION (ZAM)

Zam intersection

Intersection


Conclusions

Zam area

30m ZAM

COMPARISON GROUP (No ZAM)

Area without ZAM

34m Intersection

INTERVENTION (ZAM)

Zam intersection

Intersection

Intersection without ZAM


Conclusions

Population

PeoplewhotraveledthroughthecityofBarcelona,duringtheperiodJanuary2002- December2014.

Methods

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Pre-Intervenció:2002-2009 Post-Intervenció:2010-2014

ZAMImplementation

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Pre-Intervenció:2002-2010 Post-Intervenció:2010-2014

Pre-intervention:2002-2009 Post-intervention:2010-2014

Pre-intervention:2002-2010 Post-intervention:2011-2014

Phase I

Phase II


Conclusions

• Sources of information• Local Police Register of road traffic crashe• Municipal statistics :

• Annual average daily traffic (AADT)• Inventory INCA. Information on Street characteristics

Outcomes• Road traffic collisions• People injured• Motorcyclists drivers• Road traffic collisions with motorcyclists or moped involved

Explained variables• Year, period (pre-intervention, post-intervention) and type of zone (ZAM, NO_ZAM)• Street characteristics: AADT, Width of the road, Number of lanes, Number of lanes ofService, Number of lanes for bus

• Characteristics of collisions: Collision type (pedestrian, lateral, etc.), action of thedriver (disobeying the traffic light, improper spin, etc.).


Conclusions

Statisticalanalysis

Poïsson-Lognormalmixedmodels,witharandomfactorthatcollectsvariabilityduetorepeatedobservationsperyear,andadjustforoverdispersion

Fixedfactors:year,period(preandpost-intervention)andzone(ZAM,NO_ZAM)

Adjusted:AADTandbycharacteristicsofthestreets

Aninteractionisintroducedbetweenthezoneandtheperiodtoevaluatetheeffectivenessoftheintervention

Therelativerisk(RR)ofcollisioninthepost-interventionperiodwithrespecttothepre-interventionperiod,inZAMareasandNO_ZAM

Thepercentageofannualchangeinthepost-interventionperiodwithrespecttothepre-interventionperiod,thenumberofcollisions,injuredpersonsanddriversinvolved,inZAMareasandNO_ZAM

Methods


Conclusions

Results Phase I


Conclusions

ZAM NO_ZAM

38,6 49,828,8 26,0 21,5 26,8 17,3 14,9

49,8 63,439,4 36,0 25,2 36,4 20,6 16,8

04080120160200240280

Pre-Intervention Post-Intervention

174,6

233,9

148,3 134,1125,4

172,4

93,4 87,0

155,8

196,8

142,4 125,0108,4

142,4

80,8 73,2

04080120160200240280

ZAM(34M)

Intersection

Annual mean of crashes, people injured and drivers involved

Crashes PeopleInjured

DriverPTW CrashesPTW

Pre and Post-intervention period comparison. Phase I

(2002-2009) (2010-2014)




Conclusions

ZAM NO_ZAM

38,6 49,828,8 26,0 21,5 26,8 17,3 14,9

49,8 63,439,4 36,0 25,2 36,4 20,6 16,8

04080120160200240280

Pre-Intervention Post-Intervention

174,6

233,9

148,3 134,1125,4

172,4

93,4 87,0

155,8

196,8

142,4 125,0108,4

142,4

80,8 73,2

04080120160200240280

ZAM(34M)

Intersection


* p<0,05 Crashes PeopleInjured



(2002-2009) (2010-2014)



* * * *

* * * *


Conclusions

0,94 0,90 1,04 0,99 0,90 0,86 0,85 0,88

0

40

80

120

160

200

240

280

0,01

0,10

1,00

10,00

1,34 1,26 1,39 1,44 1,24 1,42 1,26 1,19

0

40

80

120

160

200

240

280

0,01

0,10

1,00

10,00

ZAM NO_ZAM

ZAM(34M)

Intersection

Relative Risk of crashes, people injured and drivers involved Post vs Pre intervention






0,94 0,90 1,04 0,99 0,90 0,86 0,85 0,88

0

40

80

120

160

200

240

280

0,01

0,10

1,00

10,00

1,34 1,26 1,39 1,44 1,24 1,42 1,26 1,19

0

40

80

120

160

200

240

280

0,01

0,10

1,00

10,00

ZAM NO_ZAM

ZAM(34M)

Intersection

Percentage change of crashes, people injured and drivers involved post versus pre-intervention period






34,3% 26,2% 38,9% 44,1% 41,8%

-14,3%

-14,7%

Results Phase II


Conclusions

ZAM NO_ZAM

ZAM(34M)

Intersection


* Differences are not statistically significant

Crashes PeopleInjured DriverPTW CrashesPTW



22,830,2

17,3 16,17,8 9,8 6,3 5,4

24,835,0

22,8 18,8

7,0 9,8 5,3 5,3

0102030405060708090100

Pre-intervention Post-intervention

71,2

90,1

68,758,8

49,1

63,3

43,3 38,9

65,5

87,5

63,053,8 54,5

69,8

50,344,0

0102030405060708090100

(2002-2010) (2011-2014)

1,02 1,12 1,24 1,10 0,85 0,95 0,81 0,93

0102030405060708090100

0,0

0,1

1,0

10,0

Pre-intervención Post-intervención RRZAM NO_ZAM

Intersection




(2002-2010) (2011-2014)

0,85 0,89 0,87 0,85 1,05 0,86 1,11 1,07

0102030405060708090100

0,0

0,1

1,0

10,0

ZAM(34M)


Conclusions

Relative Risk of crashes, people injured and drivers involved Post vs Pre intervention

Discussion


Conclusions

§ Thestudyareasaresmall,sothenumberofcasesisalsosmallandtherearealargenumberofareaswithzerocollisions.

§ ComparisonzonesarenotalwaysonthesamepathastheZAMzones

• Differentcharacteristics.Overall,showlessmobility(AADT)andnumberofcollisionsThereisnospecificIMDformotorcyclesandmopeds

• Hasnotbeenadjustedforpossiblechangesinthemobilityofthesevehicles,whicharethefocusoftheintervention.

Limitations


Conclusions

§ Inspiteofthelownumberofcases,thehighnumberofareaswithzerosandtheoverdispersionthatusuallypresentthistypeofdata,themethodologyusedhasprovidedrobustandunbiasedestimates.HasallowedtoevaluatetheZAMwithsufficientstatisticalpowertoextractConclusionsaboutitseffectiveness.

§ Havingacomparisongroupforevaluation.AlthoughtherearedifferencesbetweenZAMandNO_ZAMzones,variableshavebeenintroducedtotrytoadjustthem(variablesonthecharacteristicsofthestreet).

§ HavinganexposuremeasuresuchastheAADT,althoughonlyavailableformotorvehicles,hasallowedtoadjustthechangeinmobilitythataninterventionsuchZAMcanproduceeveninotherroadsnearby.

Strengths


Conclusions

§ TheAdvancedZonesforMotorcyclesarenoteffectivetoimprovetheroadsafetyofthecityofBarcelona:

§ ZAMsmayleadtoanincreasedriskoftrafficcollisionincertaincircumstances:theZAMareaandtheprevious30mofZAMphaseI(butnotinphaseII)

§ ThisincreaseinriskisnotobservedintheareaofpedestriancrossingandsubsequentintersectionoftheZAMsofPhaseI

Conclusions


Conclusions

§ TostudythecharacteristicsofZAMsthatpresentgreaterrisk

§ PilottestaZAMaccesslane

§ TheresultsoftheBarcelonaexperiencecanbeusedforothercitiesthatarelaunchingZAM.Itwouldbeusefultodisseminatetheresultsoftheevaluation,showinghowinsomecircumstancestheZAMdoesnotshowchangesinthecrashrate,butinsteadinothercircumstancesincreasetherisk.

Recommendations


Conclusions

AreBarcelona’sAdvancedZonesforMotorcycles

Effective?

Katherine Pérez [email protected]

Thank you!

are barcelona’s advanced zones for motorcycles effective?

Health & Medicine