Arctic

● Arctic is the area around the North Pole.● It consists of Arctic Ocean and parts of

Canada, Russia, Greenland, Norway, United States, Sweden, Finland, and Iceland.

● The area of Arctic is 26 mil. km².● Arctic is predominantly frozen.● People living there are called Inuits.

● Arctic climate is affected by cold sea currents.

Temperature● In winter (in July)

between -40°C and -70°C.● In summer (in January)

between -10°C and -40°C.● Average tempature isn‘t higher than 10°C.

Climate

Icebergs Icebergs are formed by fresh water. It is very difficult to say how large the iceberg is because

you can se only 1/10 of it. The rest is under water. Icebergs can be 1 - 75 m high. The average weight of pack ice is 100 000 and 200 000

tons. The largest iceberg located in the North Atlantic was 168

m high. Iceberg caused one of the most famous maritime

disasters: in April 1912 about 1500 passengers and crew members died when Titanic crashed into the iceberg.

1. CONTINENTAL

• The continental iceberg is only in the Antarctic and Greenland now.

2. FLOATING

• Gigantic piece of ice broken off the continental iceberg.

Types of the icebergs

• Arctic icebergs are the largest reservoir of fresh water in the world.

• The Arctic is also a unique natural system that balances the stability of the world's climate.

● Arctic deserts are frozen however we can find some plants in the south. There are mosses, lichens, algae, mushrooms and bacteria in the Antarctic Continent.

Flora

We can also find some animals, especially penguins, seabirds, seals, plankton and lots of

types of fish living there.

Fauna

The melting of icebergs

!!! Icebergs are melting faster and faster: in 1996 in Greenland melted 63 km3 of ice, in 2005 it already was 162 km3 !!!

!!! Polar bears, seals and walrus are in the danger of their life !!!

!!! The temperature of water increased by 3oC in the west of Arctic but fish need colder water !!!

!!! The sea level is higher and higher. It can flood islands and land with a low altitude !!!

PROBLEMS