architecture of ancient greece: the temples
DESCRIPTION
Architecture of Ancient Greece: The Temples. Our word architecture comes from the Greek architecton This means “master carpenter” Early Greek architecture employed wood, not stone. These early structures have not survived. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
ARCHITECTURE OF ANCIENT GREECE: THE TEMPLES
ORIGINS OF GREEK ARCHITECTURE Our word architecture comes from the Greek
architecton This means “master carpenter”
Early Greek architecture employed wood, not stone. These early structures have not survived.
By the 6th Century BC, stone replaced wood in the construction of important temples.
In moving from wood to stone, builders had to adapt to the differing properties of their building materials. Wood had run out and there was plenty of stone
– particularly marble– available
Stone is not crushed as easily as wood but it does not bend or twist as easily as wood
Early temples had massive pillars as architects worried about their ability to support the weight above.
Later temples appear more elegant.
Temple of Hera, Paestum
Hephaistion, Athens
IMPORTANT STRUCTURES – THE ACROPOLIS The Acropolis of Athens is
the best known in the world Acropolis means high city,
or “sacred rock” The Acropolis is a flat-
topped rock which rises 150 m above sea level in the city of Athens.
The most famous Greek buildings topped the Acropolis of Athens The MOST famous of
these is the PARTHENON
TEMPLES - PURPOSE- Unlike modern
churches or mosques, Greek temples were not meant to be meeting places for congregations.
- - They were homes for the community’s gods or goddesses and a place to keep offerings
In the mild climate of Greece, ceremonies generally took place outdoors.
Even the altars, upon which sacrifices were made, were outside the temple structure.
PARTS OF A GREEK TEMPLE There are four
distinct parts to a Greek temple. The bottom,
horizontal part is the steps.
Most Greek temples had three of them.
The second section is vertical and is the column. Most columns had a base (though not the
Doric), at the bottom, a shaft in the middle, and a column at the top.
The shaft may be smooth or fluted.
Above the column is the entablature. This is the grouping of horizontal bands that sit on the column. If the column is the leg, think of this as the tabletop. It has 3 parts: the
architrave, a kind of base. The frieze, a decorated part The cornice the top.
The top section (the fourth part) is like a triangle and is called the pediment.
Sits on top of the entablature
THE CLASSICAL ORDERS
The three classical orders are: Doric Ionic Corinthian
THE DORIC ORDER Doric columns are the
heaviest in appearance
The capital (the top of the column) is plain looks like the column is
going up to a “pillow” The shaft is thicker
than other columns There is no base
THE IONIC ORDER These have greater elegance. The Ionic capital looks like a
scroll. The Ionic column is thinner
than the Doric The capital has distinctive flutes. A base is apparent.
THE CORINTHIAN ORDER This is also a tall, elegant form. Skinniest of the columns Most elaborate capital The capital has distinctive leaf decoration. A base is also employed.