architecture mid term study guide

8/3/2019 Architecture Mid Term Study Guide

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Architecture Mid term study guide

y The Classical orders:o Tuscano Dorico Ionico Corinthiano Composite

y Classical Composition/ tripartite composition:o Base, shaft, capital

y Symmetry Craft: A tool in modern reform (according to john Ruskin) Arts and crafts: a reaction against the machine and the academy Art Nouveau: New Art, claimed to be independent from past styles. AKA:

o Jugendstil (in Germany = youth style)o Sezessionstil (in Austria)o Modernismo (spain)o Stiile Liberty (italy)o Structural Rationalism

Classical (tripartite) Composition:o Relates to Greek aesthetics of proportion

Steel-Girder Frame (post-and-Lintel Frame)

Curtain-Wall:o Glass wall system that is hung outside the steel frame of the

house/building, thus frame doesnt show.

Chicagoo Schoolo Frame:

Opening for the windows, grid on the faadeo Window:

Three windows aligned horizontally, together make one coherentwindow.

Prairie (style) Architecture:o

Biaxial horizontal expansion & Cubist organization of interconnectedinterior spaces (destruction of the box) & centering about a solid &

(relatively) flat roof with deep overhangs that appear to float.

California Arts & Crafts:o Spanish Colonial architecture, Japanese Architecture and English arts and

crafts.


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Deutsche Werkbund: German Federation of Craftshops Qualittsarbeit: high quality work Gesamtkunstwerk: total design/ work of art Kunstgewerbe: arts and crafts or applied arts; term invented by Gottfried Semper Raumplan:

o The spatial design, known as Raumplan, is evident in the multi-level partsof individual rooms, indicating their function and symbolic importance.

Raumplan is exhibited in the interior as well as the exterior.

The Bauhaus

Neue Schlichkeit: New objectivity

Suprematism:o Was an art movement focused cubism and futurism, initiated by Kasimir

Malevich.

Constructivism:o Was a form of modern architecture that flourished in the Soviet Union in

the 1920s and early 1930s. It combined advanced technology and

engineering with an avowedly Communist social purpose. Although it wasdivided into several competing factions, the movement produced many

pioneering projects and finished buildings, before falling out of favouraround 1932. Its effects have been marked on later developments in

architecture.

Proun:o An aesthetic prototype, where space is manipulated. Russian noun

meaning object.

Propaganda:o publicity to promote something false

CIAMo International Congress ofModern Architecture

Functionalism:o Is the principle that architects should design a building based on the

purpose of that building.


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Rationalism:o Based on architecture theory.

Neue Sachlichkeit new spirit/ spirit of the new age.

National Romanticism:o Was a Nordic architectural style that was part of the national romantic

movement during the late 19th and early 20th century. The style can be

seen as a reaction to industrialism.

New Doricism Art Deco:

o The style influenced all areas of design, including architecture and interiordesign, industrial design, fashion and jewelry, as well as the visual arts

such as painting, graphic arts and film.

Primacy of structure and subordination of style: International Style:

o They identified three different principles: the expression of volume ratherthan mass, balance rather than preconceived symmetry and the expulsionof applied ornament. Walter Gropius

Cubism:o Was a 20th century avant-garde art movement, pioneered byPablo Picasso

and Georges Braque, that revolutionized European painting and sculpture,and inspired related movements in music, literature and architecture.

Purism:o Purism rejected the decorative trend of cubism and advocated a return to

clear, ordered forms that were expressive of the modern machine age as

documented in their 1918 bookAfter Cubism.

Promenade Architecturale:o Architectural promenade is the journey through a building. Architects

have used it as a device to reveal the soul of the building. I will be gratefulfor any information/references' articles which might help me understand it

better.

Plan Libreo One of the 5 points of architecture. The new techniques and new materials

in modern construction were widely used by proponents ofModernism topromote an architecture free of the affectations of the architecture of the

nineteenth century The reinforced concrete or steel allowed to dispense


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with shear walls , as Le Corbusier saw in the use of poles holders theability to compose spaces regardless of structural constraints.

FIVE POINTSOF ARCHITECTUREo

Supports on pilotiso Roof gardeno Free floor plano Horizontal band windowso Free faade

Sir HenryBessemer:o Develops efficient process for producing steel, later it is replaced by the

open-hearth blast process.

Louis Sullivan: (September 3, 1856 April 14, 1924)o Was an American architect, and has been called the "father of

skyscrapers." He is considered by many as the creator of the modernskyscraper, was an influential architect and critic of the Chicago School,

was a mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright, and an inspiration to the Chicagogroup of architects who have come to be known as the Prairie School.

Paul Scheerbart: (1863-1915)o German Expressionist writer, author of Glass Architecture.

RudolfSteiner: (1861-1925)o Head of German section, Theosophical Society, founder of the

Anthroposophical Society

ErichMendelsohn: (1887-1953)o Studied at the TH Charlottenburg, and TH Mnchen, known for Small

Dancing school sketch.

Walter Gropius: (May 18, 1883 July 5, 1969)o Was a German architect and founder of the Bauhaus School who, along

with Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier, is widely regarded as

one of the pioneering masters of modern architecture.

Frank Lloyd Wright:o Wright promoted organic architecture, was a leader of the Prairie School

movement of architecture, and developed the concept of the Usonianhome. His work includes original and innovative examples of many

different building types, including offices, churches, schools, skyscrapers,


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hotels, and museums. Wright also often designed many of the interiorelements of his buildings, such as the furniture and stained glass.

KasimirMalevitch:o Was a Russian painter and art theoretician, born in Ukraine of ethnic

Polish parents. He was a pioneer of geometric abstract art and theoriginator of the Avant-garde Suprematist movement.

Miles Van Der Rohe:o Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, along with Walter Gropius and Le Corbusier,

is widely regarded as one of the pioneering masters ofModernarchitecture. He created an influential 20th century architectural style,

stated with extreme clarity and simplicity. His mature buildings made useof modern materials such as industrial steel and plate glass to define

interior spaces.

Hannes Meyer:

o Was a Swiss architect and second director of the Bauhaus in Dessau from1928 to 1930.

Victor Frth:o Came to Miami in 1949 to teach the department of Architecture.

Rudolf Frnkel:o Came to Miami in 1950 to teach the department of Architecture, where he

established a city design program, the departments first graduate degreeoffering.

architecture mid term study guide

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