architecture history lecture 1

Slide 1

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT -ILECTURE-1

INTRODUCTION TO THE SUBJECT 1st Semester B .Arch, August - December 2013

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT -IWHAT IS HISTORY?The study of past eventsThese include not just written documents, but also through objects such as buildings,Through the study of history we can investigate and interpret why society developed as it has and determine what influences have affected the past and present and shape the future.History also provides a sense of identity to understand the collective past that has have made us what we are today.The way in which people identify and interact with one another is by and large a consequence of history, which shapes and conditions individuals and societies whether they fully understand it or not.http://www.siena.edu/pages/3289.asp

HISTORYArchitecture ENVIRONMENTColosseum RomeThese include not just written documents, but also through objects such as buildings, artifacts

An object made by a human beingThese include not just written documents, but also through objects such as buildings, artifacts and paintings.

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT -IWHAT IS ARCHITECTURE ?Through the study of history we can investigate and interpret why society developed as it has and determine what influences have affected the past and present and shape the future.History also provides a sense of identity to understand the collective past that has have made us what we are today.The way in which people identify and interact with one another is by and large a consequence of history, which shapes and conditions individuals and societies whether they fully understand it or not.http://www.siena.edu/pages/3289.asp

HISTORYArchitecture ENVIRONMENT

The art or practice of designing and constructing buildingsThe style in which a building is designed and constructed, especially with regard to a specific PERIOD

Parthenon, Greek

Gothic Cathedrals

TheNational Congress of Brazil,



The art or practice of designing and constructing buildingsThe style in which a building is designed and constructed, especially with regard to a specific period, PLACE

Places with heavy rainfall

Design on a hill



The art or practice of designing and constructing buildingsThe style in which a building is designed and constructed, especially with regard to a specific period, place, or CULTURE:

Hindu architecture

Sikh architecture Akshardham temple

Chinese architecture Temple of Heaven

Church architecture

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT -IWHAT IS ENVIRONMENT ?Through the study of history we can investigate and interpret why society developed as it has and determine what influences have affected the past and present and shape the future.History also provides a sense of identity to understand the collective past that has have made us what we are today.The way in which people identify and interact with one another is by and large a consequence of history, which shapes and conditions individuals and societies whether they fully understand it or not.http://www.siena.edu/pages/3289.asp


The setting or condition in which a particular activity is carried on.

Natural EnvironmentMan made Environment

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE Traces the changes in Design of various building types & functions , Structure, Construction methods and other architectural elementsThroughVarious Traditions, Regions, Stylistic trendsfrom The Primitive Phases till the present day.

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT -ITraces the changes in Design of various building types & functions


HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT -ITraces the changes in Structures What is a Structures? Various elements of building And How these elements are interrelated Purpose of Structures design ? To make building able to stand AndAlso withstand forces which acts on it .Forces: Dead load Live load Wind force Snow force

http://www.aisc.org/uploadedFiles/Steel_Solutions_Center/Conceptual/My_Project/Files/ArchitectsGuide.pdf


HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT -ITraces the changes in Structures

Caves - Natural formations

Tress branches and leaves

Stone hut

Sun dried (katcha ) brick house

Falling water house , Pennsylvania


HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT -ITraces the changes in Structures


HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT -ITraces the changes in Construction Methods

http://www.canadianarchitect.com/asf/principles_of_enclosure/enclosure_typologies/enclosure_typologies.htm

trabeated system of construction


HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT -ITraces the changes in Construction Methods http://www.canadianarchitect.com/asf/principles_of_enclosure/enclosure_typologies/enclosure_typologies.htm


http://catholicexchange.com/catholic-exchange-needs-your-help-please/


HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT -ITraces the changes in Construction Methods



HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT -ITraces the changes in other architectural elements

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE& BUILTENVIRONMENTSHISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT -IGroup of BUILDINGS Includes a

Therefore we must understand that history of architecture doesnt end with the single building or element but includes the surroundings as well

Acropolis Athens

BEGINNING OF HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

BC = Before Christ - THE YEARS BEFORE THE BIRTH OF JESUS CHRIST

A.D. = Anno Domini (year of our Lord) The number of years since the birth of Jess Christ. THE YEARS AFTER THE BIRTH OF JESUS CHRIST


The human race appeared on Earth 2.000.000 or 3.000.000 years ago and... ...Paleolithic started

Life in prehistory : The fight for survivalHumans are living creaturas. What do we need to survive?

WATERFOODPROTECTION

BEGINNING OF HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENTIn Palaeolithic people were NOMADICPeople moved from one place to another... Protection from bad weather, dangersThey sheltered in caves

BEGINNING OF HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENTSurvival was not easy...The storage of water?They learnt to make containers that can store water

POTTERY

BEGINNING OF HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENTWild fruits and vegetablesMeat

Fish

They had...

BEGINNING OF HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENTThere were a lot of problems!Its difficult to find wild fruits and vegetables during the cold wintersThey learnt to farm the land

They learnt to make containers that can store food

BASKETSPOTTERY

BEGINNING OF HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENTHunting was also not easyAnimals are stronger, bigger and faster than men

They learnt to shape stones into tools or weapons

BEGINNING OF HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENTCould they hunt and fish always?No, its difficult to find animals during the cold winterThey learnt to take care of animals

Difficulties to hunt and fish during the cold winter


The vegetables soup is boilingBaking breadCOOKING FOOD: Humans learnt how to use fire to cook, so their diet became healthy and tastyRoasting some meat

THE USES OF FIRE

BEGINNING OF HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENTCave is not a nice place to liveThey built huts They lived in settlements

In Neolithic people learnt to farm the land and take care of animalsIn Neolithic people became SEDENTARY

World population grewPeople began to grow more food than they would need allowed people to do things other than farming Trade increased Establishment of Towns/CitiesCities become centers of trade, politics and culture Men became superiorFormalized religion Ceremonies, rituals, and worship Built large temples BEGINNING OF HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

Changes in society..

Social Classes Based on occupations, wealth, and influencerulers, priests, and noblesmerchants and artisansfarmers and unskilled workers majorityslavesBEGINNING OF HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENTSocial classes ..

Organized Government Projects need planning-decision making created lawsestablished systems of justicesupervised food production and building projectsgathered taxes organized defense BEGINNING OF HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

NEED TO STUDY HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE & BUILT ENVIRONMENTS To locate our self , that we are not individual, we are connected to the entire world. Experience from the past , largely influence today's decision.We get to know that each era since the beginning of time formed its own unique style ..Every action is sequel to another , so without studying past we cant move further..Thus we need to study about our past and to know how change has happens through time

We have learnt from our past. And we are witnessing its reflections today as wellAnd now We must create things today that become History tomorrow

COURSE OVERVIEW

Overview of the entire course to be covered during the semesterUnit-I

Definition and scope of Architecture. Interdependence of various components of the built environment. Need for a holistic approach. Mans early/prehistoric attempts to colonise and personalize space. Examples of early shelters, Stonehenge, tumuli, etc. as expression of mans physical and spiritual needsDeterminants of Built Form - geo-physical, societal, political and technological, etc. Global examples of vernacular architecture.Introduction to the River Valley Civilizations. Comparative study of different manifestations with reference to location, materials and techniques, socio-cultural influences and other contextual factorsUnit-II

Egyptian Civilization: Concept of the Royal Necropolis, locational context and architectural characteristics of public buildings, e.g. mastabas, pyramids and temples(rock-cut & structural) -one example of each type to be chosen. Workers settlement- city of Kahun. Mesopotamian Civilization; the urban context and architecture of public buildings (ziggurats and palaces). Examples of the city and Ziggurat of Ur, city and palace and of Khorsabad.Unit-III

Indus Valley Civilization: Form of the Harappan City, location and role of public buildings.Architecture of the typical Harappan dwelling, Granary and Bath.The Vedic Village, Building typology and construction

Tentative Teaching scheduleWeek no. Contents Week -1(9th Aug , 2013 )Id (Holiday)Week -2(16thAug , 2013 )Definition and scope of Architecture. Interdependence of various components of the built environment. Need for a holistic approachWeek -3(23rdAug , 2013 )Mans early/prehistoric attempts to colonise and personalise space. Examples of early shelters, Stonehenge, tumuli, etc. as expression of mans physical and spiritual needs

Week -4(30thAug , 2013 )Week -5(6th Sep , 2013 )Determinants of Built Form - geo-physical, societal, political and technological, etc. Global examples of vernacular architecture.

Week -6(13th Sep, 2013 )Class test

Introduction to the River Valley Civilizations. Comparative study of different manifestations with reference to location, materials and techniques, socio-cultural influences and other contextual factors

Week -7(20th Sep , 2013 )Week -8(27th Sep ,2013 )MST 1

Tentative Teaching scheduleWeek no. Contents Week -9(4th Oct, 2013 )International Conference & Training Workshop by CSPAWeek -10(11th Oct , 2013 )Pratibimbh 2013 ( Annual fest )Week -11(18thOct, 2013 )Egyptian Civilization: Concept of the Royal Necropolis, locational context and architectural characteristics of public buildings, e.g. mastabas, pyramids and temples(rock-cut & structural) -one example of each type to be chosen. Workers settlement- city of Kahun.

Week -12(25th Oct , 2013 )Week -13(1st Nov , 2013 )MST 2Week -14(8th Nov, 2013 )Mesopotamian Civilization; the urban context and architecture of public buildings (ziggurats and palaces). Examples of the city and Ziggurat of Ur, city and palace and of Khorsabad.

Week -15(15th Nov, 2013 )MST 3Week -16(22nd Nov, 2013 )Class test

Indus Valley Civilization: Form of the Harappan City, location and role of public buildings.Architecture of the typical Harappan dwelling, Granary and Bath.The Vedic Village, Building typology and construction

Week -17(29th Nov 2013 )

Kind of assignments the students would be expected to undertake, evaluation system

architecture history lecture 1

Education