architectural dictionary

Billie Grahm & Mike Garde

Introduction To ArchitectureArchitectural Dictionary ofTerms, Movements and Architects

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determinants

AestheticsA particular theory or conception of beauty orart : a particular taste for or approach to whatis pleasing to the senses and especially sight

Altar1 : a usually raised structure or place on whichsacrifices are offered orincense is burned in worship2 : a table on which theeucharistic elements areconsecrated or which servesas a center of worship orritual

Archn 1 : a typically curved structural memberspanning an opening and serving as a support(as for the wall or other weight above theopening)2 a : something resembling an arch in form orfunction; especially :either of two vaultedportions of the bonystructure of the footthat impart elasticityto it b : a curvaturehaving the form of an arch - See Page 19

Barrel VaultBuilt like an arch would bebuilt, complete with keystone, but then extruded intodepth. An arch will hold awall above a door or abridge, anything narrow inwidth when compared to itsheight, length, and mass.Where as a barreled vault cansupport a room.

Base1 a (1) : the lower part of a wall, pier, orcolumn considered as a separate architecturalfeature (2) : the lower part of a complete

architectural design b : thebottom of something consideredas its support : FOUNDATIONc (1) : a side or face of a geo-metrical figure from which analtitude can be constructed;especially : one on which thefigure stands (2) : the length ofa base

CapitalThe uppermost member of acolumn or pilaster crowning theshaft and taking the weight ofthe entablature

CathedralOf, relating to, or containing abishop’s official throne (cathe-dra)

Circulation1 : orderly movement through a circuit;2 : FLOW

Civic StructureA structure of or relating to a citizen, a city,citizenship

ColumnA supporting pillar; especially : one consistingof a usually round shaft, a capital, and a base

Concept1 : something conceived in the mind2 : an abstract or generic idea generalizedfrom particular instancessynonym see IDEA

DomeA large hemispherical roof orceiling

FollyA building that serves no need,only built for ascetics. It can beof any size.

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n 1 : lack of good sense or normal prudenceand foresight2 a : criminally or tragically foolish actions orconduct b obsolete : EVIL, WICKEDNESS;especially : lewd behavior3 : a foolish act or idea4 : an excessively costly or unprofitableundertaking5 : an often extravagant picturesque buildingerected to suit a fanciful taste

Geodesic DomeExplain that…

Gothica: of, relating to, or having thecharacteristics of a style of architecture devel-oped in northern France and spreading throughwestern Europe from the middle of the 12th

century to the early 16th century that ischaracterized by the converging of

weights and strains at isolatedpoints upon slender verticalpiers and counterbalancingbuttresses and by pointedarches and vaultingb : of or relating to an archi-tectural style reflecting theinfluence of the medievalGothic

High StyleRequirements(Churches, Pyramids, Greek Temples)-Important Civic Structure-Planed by an Architect-Financial Backing

IndigenousHaving originated in and being produced,growing, living, or occurring naturally in aparticular region or environment

MinaretA tall slender tower of a mosque having one ormore balconies fromwhich the summons toprayer is cried by themuezzin

NaveThe main part of theinterior of a church;especially : the long narrow centralhall in a cruciform church that riseshigher than the aisles flanking it toform a clerestory

PagodaA Far Eastern tower usually withroofs curving upward at the divisionof each of several stories anderected as a temple or memorial

PendentiveOne of the concave trian-gular members thatsupports a dome over asquare space

Piazza1 plural piazze : an open squareespecially in an Italian town2 a : an arcaded and roofedgallery b dialect : VERANDA,PORCH

PlanAdrawing ordiagram drawn on aplane: as a : a topor horizontal viewof an object

PlaneA surface of such nature that a straight line

determinants

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joining two of its points lies wholly in thesurface b : a flat or level surface

Precedentprior in time, order, arrangement, or signifi-cance

Renaissance1 capitalized a : the transitional movement inEurope between medieval and modern timesbeginning in the 14th century in Italy, lastinginto the 17th century, and marked by a human-istic revival of classical influence expressed ina flowering of the arts and literature and by thebeginnings of modern science b : the period ofthe Renaissance c : the neoclassic style ofarchitecture prevailing during the Renaissance2 often capitalized : a movement or period ofvigorous artistic and intellectual activity3 : REBIRTH, REVIVAL

Roof PitchRoof’s degree of slope

Shaftthe cylindrical pillar between the capital andthe base

Shutters2 : a usually movable cover or screen for awindow or door3 : a mechanical device that limits the passageof light; especially : acamera attachmentthat exposes the filmor plate by openingand closing an aper-ture

Vault1 a : an arched structure of masonry usuallyforming a ceiling or roof b : something (as thesky) resembling a vault c : an arched or dome-shaped anatomical structure2 a : a space covered by an arched structure;

especially : an underground passage or roomb : an underground storage compartment

Verandaha usually roofed opengallery or porticoattached to the exte-rior of a building

Vernacularof, relating to, orcharacteristic of aperiod, place, orgroup; especially : of,relating to, or beingthe common buildingstyle of a period orplace

determinants

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Additive FormModifying a form by adding to it

ArchitraveThe lowermost part of an entablature inclassical architecture that rests directly on topof a column.

AxisA straight line about which a body or geomet-ric object rotates or may be conceived torotate.

BeamA squared-off log or a large, oblong piece oftimber, metal, or stone used especially as ahorizontal support in construction.

Bearing Wall SystemA wall that offers structural support for thebuilding. Verse a wall that offers no structuralsupport and could be removed at will

BermA narrow ledge or shelf, as along the top orbottom of a slope.

CantileverA projecting structure, such as a beam, that issupported at one end and carries a load at theother end or along its length.

Centralized Organization

CloisterA covered walk with an open colonnade onone side, running along the walls of buildingsthat face a quadrangle.

Clustered Organization

ColonnadeA structure composed of columns placed atregular intervals.

Colonnade Façade

Cornice

A horizontal molded projection that crowns orcompletes a building or wall. The uppermostpart of an entablature.

DatumA point, line, or surface used as a reference, asin surveying, mapping, or geology.

EntablatureThe upper section of a classical building,resting on the columns and constituting thearchitrave, frieze, and cornice.

FaçadeThe face of a building, especially the principalface.

FriezeA plain or decorated horizontal part of anentablature between the architrave and cor-nice.

Frontal ApproachAn approach to a building that is perpendicularor parell to the building.

Grid OrganizationIdentical units distributed evenly.Tend to work well with ideas about makingefficient systems of infrastructure, a street gridfor getting cars around, or a structural grid forsupporting floors, or a cubicle grid that canexpand and contract with different functionalneeds.

HierarchyA series in which each element is graded orranked

Linear OrganizationSchemes that tend to collect themselvesaround or on some sort of a major axis

ObeliskA tall, four-sided shaft of stone, usually ta-pered and monolithic, that rises to a pointedpyramidal top.

Oblique Approach

point, line, plane, & volume

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An approach to a building in which has noright angle.

OrderThere are five orders to classical architecture;Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, Tuscan, and Com-posite

Planar Form

Platonic Solidany one of five solids whose faces are congru-ent regular polygons and whose polyhedralangles are all congruent

Primary ElementsThe most basic of all shapes, Square, Circle,and Triangle

Radial Organization

RepetitionThe act or process or an instance of repeatingor being repeated.

RhythmMovement or variation characterized by theregular recurrence or alternation of differentquantities or conditions.

SolariumA room, gallery, or glassed-in porch exposedto the sun.

Spiral Approach

Structural Grid

Symmetry

Exact correspondence of form and constituentconfiguration on opposite sides of a dividingline or plane or about a center or an axis.

TopographyGraphic representation of the surface featuresof a place or region on a map, indicating theirrelative positions and elevations.

TowerA building or part of a building that is excep-tionally high in proportion to its width andlength.

TransformationA marked change, as in appearance or charac-ter, usually for the better.


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Auditorium1 : the part of a public building where anaudience sits2 : a room, hall, or building used for publicgatherings

BannisterA handrail with its supporting posts

Beaus arts classicismThis style is named after the Ecole des BeauxArts in Paris, where some of America’s mostprominent turn-of-the-century architects hadstudied. Established in the Napoleonic era, theEcole des Beaux Arts replaced the Academy ofPainting and Sculpture founded by Louis XIVin 1648, and the Academy of Architecturefounded in 1675.Characterized by its grandiosity, was widelyapplied in America from about 1880 to 1930.The Ecole favored the study of Greek andRoman buildings, composition, symmetry andelaborate two-dimensional wash or watercolorrenderings of the buildings. Due to its ideal-ized origins, Beaux-Arts Classicism is the styleof many well-known colossal public buildings,such as courthouses, libraries (New YorkPublic Library), museums, and railroad termi-nals (Grand Central Terminal in New YorkCity).Buildings in this style can usually be recog-nized by their large and grandiose compositionwith an exuberance of detail and variety ofstone finishes. The façade is massive andsymmetrical with a projecting central pavilion.Colossal columns (especially Corinthian orIonic) grouped in pairs are one of the mostcommon features of the Beaux-Arts Classi-cism, along with monumental flights of steps,and free-standing statuary.In large buildings is typical a five part compo-sition, with a climatic central mass dominatingthe wings and their terminal features. Fronts

are often found broken into advancing andreceding planes, and a general tendency tomultiply re-entrant angles sometimes affectseven the treatment of the quoins.Roofs can be flat, low-pitched hipped, ormansard. Windows may be framed by free-standing columns, balustraded sill, andpedimented entablature on top. Pronouncedcornices and enriched entablatures are toppedwith a tall parapet, balustrade, or monumentalattic story.

ChimneyAvertical structure incorporated into a buildingand enclosing a flue or flues that carry offsmoke; especially : the part of such a structureextending above a roof

Corrugated CeilingTo form or shape into wrinkles or folds or intoalternating ridges and grooves

Crypta chamber (as a vault) wholly or partly under-ground; especially : a vault under the mainfloor of a church b : a chamber in a mauso-leum

Grottoan artificial recess or structure made to re-semble a natural cave

Masonrysomething constructed of materials used by askilled worker who builds by laying units ofsubstantial material (as stone or brick)

Mosaica surface decoration made by inlaying smallpieces of variously colored material to formpictures or patterns; also : the process ofmaking it

MouldingTo fit the contours of.To ornament with molding or carving <moldedpicture frames>


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Parabola1 : a plane curve generated by a point movingso that its distance from a fixed point is equalto its distance from a fixed line : the intersec-tion of a right circular cone with a planeparallel to an element of the cone2 : something bowl-shaped (as an antenna ormicrophone reflector)

StairwellA vertical shaft in which stairs are located.

StructureThe skeleton of something that is constructed.

TrussTo support, strengthen, or stiffen by or as if bya truss.

UrbanOf, relating to, characteristic of, or constitut-ing a city.

Winter GardenAn indoor garden, like a greenhouse but alsohas the benefit of indoor heat.


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BalusterOne of the upright, usually rounded or vase-shaped supports of a balustrade.

BalustradeA rail and the row of balusters or posts thatsupport it, as along the front of a gallery.

Bay WindowA large window or series of windows project-ing from the outer wall of a building andforming a recess within.

BungalowA small house or cottage usually having asingle story and sometimes an additional atticstory.

ButtressA structure, usually brick or stone, builtagainst a wall for support or reinforcement.

FasciaA flat horizontal band or member betweenmoldings, especially in a classical entablature.

Half Timbered Wall

LodgeA small house on the grounds of an estate or apark, used by a caretaker or gatekeeper.

ParterreAn ornamental flower garden having the bedsand paths arranged to form a pattern.

PergolaAn arbor or a passageway of columns support-ing a roof of trelliswork on which climbingplants are trained to grow.

StickleyAmerican furniture designer. A leader of theArts and Crafts Movement, he is credited withcreating the Mission furniture style.

StuccoA durable finish for exterior walls, usually

arts & crafts

composed of cement, sand, and lime, andapplied while wet.

SurrealismA 20th-century literary and artistic movementthat attempts to express the workings of thesubconscious and is characterized by fantasticimagery and incongruous juxtaposition ofsubject matter.

VillaThe often large, luxurious country house of awell-to-do person.

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Aisle1 : the side of a church nave separated by piersfrom the nave proper2 a : a passage (as in a theater or railroadpassenger car) separating sections of seats b :a passage (as in a store or warehouse) forinside traffic

CorniceSee Column

Futurismn 1 : a movement in art, music, and litera-ture begun in Italy about 1909 and markedespecially by an effort to give formal expres-sion to the dynamic energy and movement ofmechanical processes2 : a point of view that finds meaning orfulfillment in the future rather than in the pastor present

Gantryn 1 : a frame for supporting barrels2 : a frame structure raised on side supports soas to span over or around something: as a : aplatform made to carry a traveling crane andsupported by towers or side frames running onparallel tracks; also : a movable structure withplatforms at different levels used for erectingand servicing rockets before launching b : astructure spanning several railroad tracks anddisplaying signals for each

GirderA horizontal main structural member (as in abuilding or bridge) that supports vertical loadsand that consists of a single piece or of morethan one piece bound together

Infill PanelSupport and molding for poring concrete

La Citta Nuova“The New City”

PedimentA triangular space that forms the gable of a

low-pitched roof and that is usually filled withrelief sculpture in classical architecture; also :a similar form used as a decoration

Pilasteran upright architectural member that is rectan-gular in plan and is structurally a pier butarchitecturally treated as a column and thatusually projects a third of its width or lessfrom the wall

Tectonic

VentilationMovement of Air

Werbund

arts & crafts

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AdobeA sun-dried, unburned brick of clay and straw.

AtriumA usually skylighted central area, often con-taining plants, in some modern buildings,especially of a public or commercial nature.

Axial Organization

BalconyA platform that projects from the wall of abuilding and is surrounded by a railing, balus-trade, or parapet.

ClerestoryAn upper portion of a wall containing win-dows for supplying natural light to a building.

Curtain WallA nonbearing wall, often of glass and steel,fixed to the outside of a building and servingespecially as cladding.

EavesThe projecting overhang at the lower edge of aroof.

FenestrationThe design and placement of windows in abuilding.

GalleryAn upper section, often with a sloping floor,projecting from the rear or side walls of atheater or an auditorium to provide additionalseating.

HearthThe floor of a fireplace, usually extending intoa room and paved with brick, flagstone, orcement.

InglenookA bench, especially either of two facingbenches, placed in a nook or corner beside afireplace.

Leaded Glass

frank lloyd wright

Now a signature item of FLW, he createdstained glass designs dubbed leaded glass.

Mayan ArchitectureAn acieant form of architecture whos creatersare almost totaly unknown to todays society.For FLW their style provided great influence

MullionA vertical member, as of stone or wood,dividing a window or other opening.

OrganicOf, relating to, or derived from living organ-isms

ParapetA low protective wall or railing along the edgeof a raised structure such as a roof or balcony.

Piano NobileLiving and dining spaces on second level.

PierAny of various vertical supporting structures

PorchA structure attached to the exterior of abuilding often forming a covered entrance.

Porte-CochereA roofed structure covering a driveway at theentrance of a building to provide shelter whileentering or leaving a vehicle.

Prairie StyleA style of decorative arts associated with thisschool, characterized especially by stronghorizontal and vertical elements.Prototype - An original type, form, or instanceserving as a basis or standard for later stages.

PulpitAn elevated platform, lectern, or stand used inpreaching or conducting a religious service.

Shingle Style –

ShinglesA thin oblong piece of material, such as woodor slate, that is laid in overlapping rows to

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cover the roof or sides of a house or otherbuilding.

SkylightAn overhead window, as in a roof, admittingdaylight.

SkyscraperA very tall building.

SpireA spiral.

TripartiteAn ordering system in which the subject isbroken up into three equal parts.

frank lloyd wright

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Architectural PromenadePath true the building, usually using a ramp.To see the architectural element inside thehouse.

Beton BrutThe French word for concrete, left in itsnatural aspect, Bare concrete

Brise-soleilA sun-break or check used in hot climates toshade the window opening

Building envelopeThe outside wall of a building

Collective housingA building owned by more then one people.The building is spit like share for a companies.Each person own a part of the building.

Domino systemSystem of structural columns and cantileveredslabs, given the possibility to have big win-dows.

Double height spaceA room opened on two levels

Elevated base planA portion of the floor elevated, usually sepa-rated bay stairs

Essential joysPart of the Corbusier Theories: Light, Space,Greenery

Five points of architecturePiloty, Roof terrace, Free façade, Free Plan,Strip Windows

Free façadePlanar façade, no bearing walls.

International styleThe style created by Le CorbusierTried top understand the anatomy of the past,to revel principal of organization.

L’Esprit NouveauWanted house to be a “machine for living in”

Modular systemConstructed with standardized units or dimen-sions for flexibility and variety in use

MonasteryA house for persons under religious vows

PalladioAndrea 1508-1580 Italian architect; adaptedprinciples of Roman architecture; devisedPalladian motif of bay with rounded openingflanked by two squared openings

PilotiLarge support columns used by Le Corbusierto raise his structures off the ground. Similarto pilings or stilts

PorticoA porch or walkway with a roof supported bycolumns, often leading to the entrance of abuilding.

Primary SolidsThe Basic fundamental shapes (Circle, Square,Triangle)

PrototypeA: an original model on which something ispatternedB: a first full-scale and usually functional formof a new type or design of a construction

PurismA movement in the 1920’s in Paris started byLe Corbusier.

Reinforced concreteIntroduced at the turn of the 19th century it isconcrete that has added support re-bars in themiddle set up before pouring

Strip windowsContinuous windows along a façade

Surface articulationThe articulation of a surface.

Tabula Rasa

le corbusier

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A clean slate approach not concerned withsurroundings.

Umbrella roofA water collecting roof.

UndercroftA: a subterranean roomB: a vaulted chamber under a church

le corbusier

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Architravelower most division of a classical entablature,resting directly on column capitals and sup-porting the frieze.

EbonyAny of several tropical trees, having darkcolored heartwood.

ExpressionismDominate style in Northern Europe about1905 – 25. In architecture, it is a part continu-ation of Art Nouveau.

FluidityEasily changed or tending to change.

Smooth change

FrontalityFront of the building having a classical caratere, symmetric, and imposing.

LobbyHall, foyer, or waiting room near the frontentrance of a building

MondrianPainter who influenced architects, was associ-ated with the De Stijl movement, whichinspired geometric abstraction.

OnyxA kind of chalcedony that occurs in bands. Isused as a stone veneer on buildings and alsoon countertops.

Partitioinsomething that divides; especially : an interiordividing wall

PavillionA: a part of a building projecting from the restB : one of several detached or semidetachedunits into which a building is sometimesdivided

Podium

A low wall serving as a foundation or terracewall

PlinthA: the lowest member of a base : SUBBASEB: a block upon which the moldings of anarchitrave or trim are stopped at the bottom

PlazaA: a public square in a city or townB: an open area usually located near urbanbuildings and often featuring walkways, treesand shrubs, places to sit, and sometimes shops

TempleAn edifice for religious exercises

TravertineA mineral consisting of a massive usuallylayered calcium carbonate (as aragonite orcalcite) formed by deposition from springwaters or especially from hot springs

Universal SpaceSpace inside or outside that can be used forany type of activity or purpose

WeissenhofAn exhibition sponsored by werkbund. Amaster plan

mies van der rohe

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aalto

AcousticsThe qualities that determine the ability of anenclosure (as an auditorium) to reflect soundwaves in such a way as to produce distincthearing.

Amphitheatre1 : an oval or circular building with rising tiersof seats ranged about an open space and usedin ancient Rome especially for contests andspectacles2 a : a very large auditorium b : a roomwith a gallery from which doctors andstudents may observe surgical operations c: a rising gallery in a modern theater d : aflat or gently sloping area surrounded byabrupt slopes3 : a place of public games or contests

Anthropomorphisman interpretation of what is not human orpersonal in terms of human or personal char-acteristics

Canopy1 a : a cloth covering suspended over a bed b: a cover (as of cloth) fixed or carried above aperson of high rank or a sacred object :BALDACHIN c : a protective covering: as (1): the uppermost spreading branchy layer of aforest (2) : AWNING, MARQUEE2 : an ornamental rooflike structure3 a : the transparent enclosure over an air-plane cockpit b : the fabric part of a parachutethat catches the air

CladdingSomething that covers or overlays; specifically: metal coating bonded to a metal core

CourtyardA court or enclosure adjacent to a building (asa house or palace)

Depressed Floor Plan

Having part of the floor planbuilt into the site allowing it tobe lower then the res

Karelian House

Laminated TimberGlue laminated timber beams are load bearingstructural members for roofs, floors or otherconstruction situations e.g. bridges, posts etc.Glulam is an engineered product using stressrated, seasoned and selected timbers - usuallyradiata pine or Douglas fir. Each single pieceof timber is graded and end jointed to producethe length required. Multiple layers of timber -laminations - not exceeding 45mm thicknessare bonded together with suitable adhesives toprovide a variety of sectional beam sizes. Bybuilding up large, strong members from anumber of thin laminations, any size, shapeand length of member can be manufactured.Glulam members are stronger weight forweight than other structural materials.

LightwellLike a watter well in the fact that it pearcesthe ground, but rather a lightwell runs next tothe building and only travels the necessarydistance to allow light into a window placed(what would be) below the ground level.

Louvres1 : a roof lantern or turret often with slattedapertures for escape of smoke or admission oflight in a medieval building2 a : an opening provided with one or moreslanted fixed or movable fins to allow flow ofair but to exclude rain or sun or to provideprivacy b : a finned or vaned device for con-trolling a flow of air or the radiation of light c: a fin or shutter of a louver

New Regionalism

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Analysis suggests that every place and everyissue is best addressed at the spatial level thatenables us to understand how that particularregion works and how it can be acted upon. Italso means that ideas and actions which arebased on the interconnectedness of economic,environmental, and social systems, musttolerate some ambiguity in the application ofthe regions concept, and accept that ultimatelyit is a functional, pragmatic idea; and that theparticular scope of region that best helps toaddress effectively these interconnected issuesis the region that we mean.

Sauna1 : a Finnish steam bath in which the steam isprovided by water thrown on hot stones; also :a bathhouse or room used for such a bath2 : a dry heat bath; also : a room or cabinetused for such a bath

TopographyThe art or practice of graphic delineation indetail usually on maps or charts of natural andman-made features of a place or region espe-cially in a way to show their relative positionsand elevations

aalto

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kahn

LaboratoryA place equipped for experimental study in ascience or for testing and analysis; broadly : aplace providing opportunity for experimenta-tion, observation, or practice in a field ofstudy.

Moatdeep and wide trench around the rampart of afortified place (as a castle) that is usually filledwith water.

MonumentalityVery great.

PasticheA literary, artistic, musical, or architecturalwork that imitates the style of previous work.

Spent Light“I sense Light as the giver of all presence’s,and material as spent light. What is made bylight casts a shadow, and that shadow belongsto light. I sense a Threshold: Light to Silence,Silence to Light; an ambiance of inspiration, inwhich the desire to be, to express, crosses withthe possible.” - Louis Kahn

Teak1 : a tall East Indian timber tree (Tectonagrandis) of the vervain family2 : the hard yellowish brown wood of teakused especially for furniture and shipbuilding

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Assemblage1 : a collection of persons or things : GATH-ERING2 : the act of assembling : the state of beingassembled3 a : an artistic composition made from scraps,junk, and odds and ends (as of paper, cloth,wood, stone, or metal) b : the art of makingassemblages

Both - AndVenturi critized architecture for being “either -or”, his approach was “both - and”. Thisallowed for several levels of meaning to begiven to architectural elements and it would bemore appropate to the complication of modernlife.

DeconstructivismThe act of breaking something down to itsmost basic principals of which the artistbelieves has greater meaning.

Decorated ShedIn Venturi’s book, Learning From Las Vegas,he analizes what he feels are the two types ofAmerican architecture, the Duck, representing60’s pop art buildings, and Decorated Sheds,representing bill board quality of Americanstreets.

Derrida1930- French philosopher & critic; founder ofcontroversial deconstructionist school ofcriticism

DormerA window set vertically in a structure project-ing through a sloping roof; also : the roofedstructure containing such a window

DuckIn Venturi’s book, Learning From Las Vegas,he analizes what he feels are the two types ofAmerican architecture, the Duck, representing60’s pop art buildings, and Decorated Sheds,

post moderism - late modern

representing bill board quality of Americanstreets.

Fragmentationduring the upcoming surge in industrial gainsand renewed intrests in electronic commerce/design has taken an unconventional twist andthe post war impatience has given way to anew -modern classic as well as the oppositenew electronic fixture of many sorts . This is abirds eye view of something related to a highin electronic visage and dimensions of sorts inother words a plan view of a acad generateddrawing of a building (theoretical).

Keystone1 : the wedge-shaped piece at the crown of anarch that locks the other pieces in place2 : something on which associated thingsdepend for support

Minimalisma style or technique (as in music, literature, ordesign) that is characterized by extremespareness and simplicity

New York FiveFive sucessiful architects in New York Citywho’s influence came from the internationstyle and led to an obsession with form,sometimes at the expence of content andfunction. - Peter Eisenman - Richard Meier -Michael Graves - John Hejduk - CharlesGwathney

arch 1: 1 round: imp impost, sp springer, v voussoir, kkeystone, ext extrados, int intrados; 2 horseshoe; 3lancet; 4 ogee; 5 trefoil; 6 basket-handle; 7 Tudor

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Palladian WindowA large window which is dividedinto three parts. The centersection is larger than the two sidesections, and is usually arched.Renaissance architecture andother buildings in classical stylesoften have Palladian windows.The term “Palladian” comes fromAndrea Palladio, a Renaissancearchitect whose work inspiredsome of the greatest buildings inEurope and the United States.Modeled after classical Greek andRoman forms, Palladio’s buildingsoften featured arched openings.

PedimentA pediment is a low-pitched triangu-lar gable on the front of somebuildings in the Grecian orGreek Revival style ofarchitecture.

Pop ArtArt in which commonplaceobjects (as road signs,hamburgers, comic strips,or soup cans) are used as subject matter andare often physically incorporated in the work.

RusticationTo build or face with usually rough-surfacedmasonry blocks having beveled or rebatededges producing pronounced joints <a rusti-cated facade>To compel to reside in the country : to causeto become rustic

VentilationCirculation of air <a room with good ventila-tion> b : the circulation and exchange of gasesin the lungs or gills that is basic to respiration3 : a system or means of providing fresh air

WerkbundDuring the period before World WarI, the German Werkbund was at thecenter of attempts to forge newtheories of architecture and design inlight of the momentous technologicaland economic developments ofmodernity.

post moderism - late modern

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IndexAAcoustics 16Additive Form 5Adobe 11Aesthetics 2Aisle 10Altar 2Amphitheatre 16Anthropomorphism 16Arch 2Architectural Prom-

enade 13Architrave 5, 15Assemblage 19Atrium 11Auditorium 7Axial Organization 11Axis 5

BBalcony 11Baluster 9Balustrade 9Bannister 7Barrel Vault 2Base 2Bay Window 9Beam 5Bearing Wall System 5Beaus arts classicism 7Berm 5Beton Brut 13Both - And 19Brise-soleil 13Building envelope 13Bungalow 9Buttress 9

CCanopy 16Cantilever 5Capital 2Cathedral 2

Centralized Organi-zation 5

Chimney 7Circulation 2Civic Structure 2Cladding 16Clerestory 11Cloister 5Clustered Organiza-

tion 5Collective housing

13Colonnade 5Colonnade Façade 5Column 2Comice 10. See

ColumnConcept 2Cornice 5Corrugated Ceiling 7Courtyard 16Crypt 7Curtain Wall 11

DDatum 5Deconstructivism 19Decorated Shed 19Depressed Floor

Plan 16Derrida 19Dome 2Domino system 13Dormer 19Double height space

13Duck 19

EEaves 11Ebony 15Elevated base plan

13Entablature 5Essential joys 13Expressionism 15

FFaçade 5

Fascia 9Fenestration 11Five points of architec-

ture 13Fluidity 15Folly 2Fragmentation 19Free façade 13Frieze 5Frontal Approach 5Frontality 15

GGallery 11Gantry 10Geodesic Dome 3Girder 10Gothic 3Grid Organization 5Grotto 7

HHalf Timbered Wall 9Hearth 11Hierarchy 5High Style 3

IIndigenous 3Infill Panel 10Inglenook 11International style 13

KKarelian House 16Keystone 19

LLa Citta Nuova 10Laboratory 18Laminated Timber 16Leaded Glass 11L’Esprit Nouveau 13Lightwell 16Linear Organization 5Lobby 15Lodge 9Louvres 16

MMasonry 7Mayan Architecture 11Minaret 3Minimalism 19Moat 18Modular system 13Monastery 13Mondrian 15Monumentality 18Mosaic 7Moulding 7Mullion 11

NNave 3New Regionalism 16New York Five 19

OObelisk 5Oblique Approach 5Onyx 15Order 6Organic 11

PPagoda 3Palladian Window 20Palladio 13Parabola 8Parapet 11Parterre 9Partitioin 15Pastiche 18Pavillion 15Pediment 10, 20Pendentive 3Pergola 9Piano Nobile 11Piazza 3Pier 11Pilaster 10Piloti 13Plan 3Planar Form 6Plane 3Platonic Solid 6

22

Plaza 15Plinth 15Podium 15Pop Art 20Porch 11Porte-Cochere 11Portico 13Prairie Style 11Precedent 4Primary Elements 6Primary Solids 13Prototype 13Pulpit 11Purism 13

RRadial Organization 6Reinforced concrete

13Renaissance 4Repetition 6Rhythm 6Roof Pitch 4Rustication 20

SSauna 17Shaft 4Shingle Style 11Shingles 11Shutters 4Skylight 12Skyscraper 12Smooth change 15Solarium 6Spent Light 18Spiral Approach 6Spire 12Stairwell 8Stickley 9Strip windows 13Structural Grid 6Structure 8Stucco 9Surface articulation 13Surrealism 9Symmetry 6

TTabula Rasa 13Teak 18Tectonic 10Temple 15Topography

6, 17Tower 6Transformation 6Travertine 15Tripartite 12Truss 8

UUmbrella roof 14Undercroft 14Universal Space

15Urban 8

VVault 4Ventilation

10, 20Verandah 4Vernacular 4Villa 9

WWeissenhof 15Werbund 10Werkbund 20Winter Garden 8

architectural dictionary

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