MASS HOUSING AND SMART CITIES – A REVIEW For Architectural Students – to Empower

Ar.A.Purushothaman Arumugam M.Arch., CA, AIIA, Principal Architect D2 Studios.

SMART CITIES IN ARCHITECTURAL CONTEXT

Smart Cities are the future reality for cities and municipalities around the world, Especially developing countries like India.

It is the place where it reduces human wastages and uses energy in optimal way also produces reduced carbon footprint.

These cities will use the power of ubiquitous communication networks, highly distributed wireless sensor technology, and intelligent

management systems to solve current and future challenges and create exciting new services.

Urbanization, demographic shifts, and the rapid advancement of new technologies are the key constraints which leads Architects,

city leaders, engineers and developers to create and deliver public services in an acceptable way of better space to live in by

considering future

SMART CITIES….?

“Smart cities – Integration of all”

SENSORS

CONTROL ROOMS

AUTOMATION

EFFICIENCY

URBAN PROTOTYPING

HUMAN-CENTERED

DESIGN

SOCIAL/CIVIC IMPACT

CROWDFUNDING

CODES SPECIALLY FOR

CITIES

COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

DIGITAL/PHYSICAL FORUMS

EDUCATION & OUTREACH

PARTICIPATORY BUDGETING

All sor ts to be

integrated by

advanced

technology

I t s i s to educate, op t imize,

max imize, min imize and to

conserve

Architecture of the world once again to reveal “we are here to shape our

ear th through architecture by new tools and techniques meanwhile the

tools and new innovative techniques wil l change the human l ife”

SMART CITIES IN ARCHITECTURAL CONTEXT

Key Criteria's which leads to Smart Cities are

Steady growth of urban context in the entireworld. i.e. 23% to 30% and now towards 50%.

The huge demand of urban facilities and itsinfrastructural needs.

Due to this rapid urbanization climatic changesleads to various problems to the living Environmentand Earth.

Problems like green house gases emission,depletion of ozone layer, Global warming andvarious natural calamities etc.,

SMART CITIES IN ARCHITECTURAL CONTEXT

Key Criteria's which leads to Smart Cities are

Rapid technological development

Energy Considerations

Renewable sources and its strategies

Impact of urban heat islands

Deforestation by which reduced quality of air

Mass population due to which reduced healthand human life.

SMART CITIES ARE THE SMARTER WAY FOR OUR FUTURE

SMART CITIES – CONCEPT AND OBJECTIVES

A Smart City is a developed urban region that creates sustainable economic development and high end quality of life by excelling in 6 key criteria's (Smart Economy, Smart Governance, Smart mobility,

Smart living, Smart people and Smart environ) that can be done through strong ICT( Information and communication technologies) infrastructure.

Significantly reducing emissions (CO2, greenhouse gases,…)

Long-term objective: a zero carbon city, zero emission buildings as standard

Significantly reducing energy consumption. Long-term objective: reaching close-to-zero energy

standards in new and existing buildings.

Significantly increasing the use of renewable sources of energy (e.g. in public buildings)

Raising awareness in the wider public about responsible use of resources (energy, water)

Promoting multi-modal transport systems by improving the public transport network, enhancing

networking between individual transport carriers, and significantly reducing individual motorized

transport

SMART CITIES – WORLD’S 1. Vienna- E-governance

2. Toronto-natural gas from landfills generation

3. Paris- Bicycle sharing programs (250 bicycle stations)

4. New York- questionable tax refunds

5. London- entire city will be free Wi-Fi network

6. Tokyo- home for integrated solar panel, storage batteries

7. Berlin- Vehicles to Grid

8. Copenhagen- 0 carbon by 2025, 40% use bicycles

9. Hong Kong- smart cards, RFID

10. Barcelona

SMART CITY - GREEN PRACTICES AROUND THE WORLDTian Jin Sunway Eco-City, China by Surbana Urban Planning GroupLandscaping Design for Singapore by Bursana

Setia Eco-Park, Shah Alam –

community garden and lake.

SMART CITY - GREEN PRACTICES AROUND THE WORLD

Dutch concept of street

design by Hans Monderman

encourages alternate

modes of movement and

inhabitation of the street-

scape, which in this street

means utilizing trees to

create varied spaces.

Rain garden design in Smart city can efficiently reduce rain

runoff by allowing storm water to soak into the ground.

SMART CITY - GREEN PRACTICES AROUND THE WORLDVertical Garden, Rosario City in Argentina- riverside

urban space both a horizontal and vertical upliftZorlu Ecocity in Turkey

Clean-lined office surrounded by the rolling

Bío Bío hills in the center of Concepción, Chile

- make great use of the insulating and air-

purifying benefits of green walls at high rise

building

SMART CITY PRACTICES AROUND THE WORLD

MASDAR CITY ABUDHABI

Located to the southeast of Abu Dhabi Island around 17km from downtown Abu Dhabi

Total site area = 590 hectares

Total populations = 40,000 residents

Land use = Mixed land use (residential, commercial, institutional and lightweight industry)

Plan to achieve the goal of this sustainable Green Development smart city Synergy

Mobility

Energy

Quality of life are the concepts they adopted

• Use non local materials

• Resource exploitation

• Increase environmental harm

Global challenge

•Using materials supply that give result to positive impact on environment

Goal & Strategy •Fully with high recycled materials

content

•Specify with using sustainable materials

Target

SMART CITIES INDIAN CONTEXTS

O

L

U

T

I

O

N

SMART CITIES INDIAN CONTEXT

Initially Jawaharlal Nehru national urban renewal mission (JnNURM)

National mission mode Project (NMMP)

The Indian Prime Minister Mr.Narendra modi announced 100 Smart Citiesin India by 2014.

By this year Modi and urban development ministry identified the upcomingsmart cities in India and the foot works are started.

INDIAN SMART CITIES – VISIONARY THOUGHT

SMART CITY AND THE MEGA

INDIAN POPULATION HISTORY

A Report by Ar.A.Purushothaman M.Arch

Year Population

Yearly %

Change

Yearly

Change

Migrants (net) Median Age Fertility Rate

Density

(P/Km²)

Urban

Pop %

Urban Population

Country's Share

of

World Pop

World Population Global Rank

2015 1,282,390,303 1.24% 15,353,131 -458,810 26.9 2.50 390 33% 420,046,944 17.51% 7,324,782,225 2

2014 1,267,401,849 1.22% 15,262,253 -483,402 26.6 2.53 386 32% 410,404,773 17.50% 7,243,784,121 2

2010 1,205,624,648 1.36% 15,696,220 -595,676 25.5 2.66 367 31% 372,899,704 17.43% 6,916,183,482 2

2005 1,127,143,548 1.58% 16,976,358 -384,649 24.1 3.00 343 29% 329,520,416 17.30% 6,514,094,605 2

2000 1,042,261,758 1.75% 17,291,481 -88,573 23.0 3.30 317 28% 288,362,561 17.01% 6,127,700,428 2

1995 955,804,355 1.93% 17,382,731 -25,435 22.1 3.67 291 27% 254,310,865 16.65% 5,741,822,412 2

1990 868,890,700 2.14% 17,430,840 8,950 21.3 4.09 264 26% 221,975,507 16.33% 5,320,816,667 2

1985 781,736,502 2.26% 16,554,185 96,594 20.7 4.47 238 24% 190,337,204 16.07% 4,863,601,517 2

1980 698,965,575 2.35% 15,346,644 226,129 20.2 4.89 213 23% 161,447,069 15.71% 4,449,048,798 2

1975 622,232,355 2.31% 13,406,517 423,794 19.7 5.26 189 21% 132,734,606 15.28% 4,071,020,434 2

The population of India is estimated at 1,282,390,303 Millions as of

April 2015.

India's population is equivalent to 17.5% of the total world

population.

India ranks number 2 in the list of countries by population.

The population density in India is 386 people per Km2.

32% of the population is urban (410,404,773 people in 2014).

The median age in India is 26.6 years. That’s why it is the youngest

nation of world

MASS HOUSING AN ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTION

Model T produced in 1908 by Ford Motor Company was the first carto be manufactured by ASSEMBLY LINE PRODUCTION rather thanHAND CRAFTED METHOD and became the AFFORDABLE car for massAmericans.

Housing in India is still HAND CRAFTED brick by brick and layer bylayer and are un-affordable to large population

MASS HOUSING AN ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTION

A thrust on encouraging private sector participation in affordable housing, traditionally the domain of the

government, could provide the answer to India’s urban housing predicament. But as things stand, affordable

housing remains a challenging proposition for Architects, builders and developers.

Huge shortage of affordable housing26 Million+

Urbanization40% by 2030

Limited LandInefficient land use

Real Estate Industryis emerging asset class

269 Industries supporting real estateWorking continuously on innovation in products

Housing FinanceRequires new products

MASS HOUSING AN ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTION

The rising urbanization has created an imminent urban housing shortage of around

18.78 million houses. The shortage is more prominent in the Economically Weaker

Section (EWS) / Lower Income Group (LIG) / Middle Income Group (MIG), which

comprises of 95.62% of the housing shortage.

Mass housing, by Indian definition, means a multi-storied apartment-type house with a

floor area of 70-120 square meters that costs about $27,000-$77,000. The demand

for quality homes by middle-class families adds pressures to the mass housing needs.

PLAY LIVE & WORK – MASS HOUSING

At the start of the twenty-first century the world is becoming increasingly urbanized. More people, it is said,now live in cities than in the countryside. Greater urbanization is, perhaps, an inevitable consequence ofeconomic progress.

As more people earn their living from industry, commerce and services rather than from agriculture more willbecome dependent on the cities.

Urbanization, though, is a vague concept. Cities vary enormously in size, form and in the way they function.Many are beset with problems of overcrowding, poor quality buildings, environmental degradation andineffective transport systems.

For future urban growth, what is important is to create cities that provide a good environment for people tolive, work and take their leisure; which have effective systems of servicing and management; and that are inbalance with the natural environment.

INDIAN CONTEXT

Under the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation(AMRUT), funds are allocated for smart Indian cities to satisfy urbanhousing demands of India.

MASS HOUSING PRACTICES AROUND THE WORLD

MASS HOUSING PRACTICES AROUND THE WORLD